scholarly journals Energy Performance of a Heating System via Wastewater Management

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Hytiris ◽  
Konstantinos Ninikas ◽  
Bjorn Aaen
Keyword(s):  
Heating System ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Wastewater Management

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation and Energy Performance Simulation of Mongolian Ger with ETS Heater and Solar PV in Ulaanbaatar City

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5840
Author(s):  
Bat-Erdene Bayandelger ◽  
Yuzuru Ueda ◽  
Amarbayar Adiyabat
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Performance Simulation ◽  
Central Energy ◽  
Indoor Comfort

There are approximately 200,000 households living in detached houses and gers (yurts) with small coal stoves that burn raw coal in Ulaanbaatar city. A proper heating system and improvement of the energy efficiency of residential dwellings are vitally important for Ulaanbaatar city to reduce air pollution as well as for the operation of the current central energy system. This study shows the experimental results for two gers with two different heating systems and different thermal insulation, for investigating the merits of each. The technical feasibility of the system consisting of an electric thermal storage (ETS) heater with a daytime charging schedule and areal photovoltaic (PV) system was also examined by using a simulation with software developed in MATLAB (R2020a, MathWorks, USA). As a result of the experiment, the indoor comfort level and energy efficiency of the ger with added insulation and an ETS heater with nighttime charging were shown to be enhanced compared with those of the reference ger. The ger with added insulation and the ETS heater consumed 3169 kWh for electric appliances and 5989 kWh for the heating season. The simulation showed that the PV self-consumption rate is 76% for the Ger 2 with the ETS heater because of the daytime charging schedule of the ETS heater. The PV system supplied 31% of the total energy consumed, with the remaining 69% from the main grid.

scholarly journals In Situ Measurements of Energy Consumption and Indoor Environmental Quality of a Pre-Retrofitted Student Dormitory in Athens

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Barmparesos ◽  
Dimitra Papadaki ◽  
Michalis Karalis ◽  
Kyriaki Fameliari ◽  
Margarita Niki Assimakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Electrical Consumption

In the following years all European Union member states should bring into force national laws on the energy performance of buildings. Moreover, university campus dormitories are buildings of great importance, due to their architectural characteristics and their social impact. In this study, the energy performance along with the indoor environmental conditions of a dormitory of a university has been analysed. The in situ measurements included temperature, relative humidity, concentrations of carbon dioxide, total volatile organic compounds, and electrical consumption; lastly, the energy signature of the whole building was investigated. The study focused on the summer months, during which significantly increased thermal needs of the building were identified. The ground floor was found to be the floor with the highest percentage of thermal conditions within the comfort range, and the third floor the lowest. Lastly, a significant correlation between electrical consumption and the outdoor temperature was presented, highlighting the lack of thermal insulation. Overall, it was clear that a redesign of the cooling and heating system, the installation of a ventilation system, and thermal insulation are essential for improving the energy efficiency of this building.

scholarly journals A Novel Method for Calculating the Product Category Specific Setpoint Variations for Heat Emitters in EN15316-2

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl-Villem Võsa ◽  
Andrea Ferrantelli ◽  
Jarek Kurnitski
Keyword(s):  
Product Category ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Heat Emission ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Vertical Stratification ◽  
Variation Method ◽  
Cross Correlations ◽  
System Configurations ◽  
And Control

Estimating heat emission losses of heating systems is an important task of energy efficiency assessments in buildings. To this aim, the present international standards contain tabulated values for different emitter and control system configurations, without however explaining how to compute the effect of increased setpoint temperatures on the system losses. Moreover, the effects of each component are treated as independent, while e.g. vertical stratification and temperature control of the system are cross-related. In this paper we attempt to fill this gap by proposing a calculation method to calculate the product category specific setpoint variations for space heating emitters, accounting for the overall heat balance in the enclosure and including the cross-correlations of each component as well. The emission losses of a heating system are computed using a temperature setpoint variation method that is imposed on annual energy calculations. This complements the procedure presented in the Standard EN15316-2, also providing the possibility to use product-specific values of setpoint variations instead of tabulated values. As the main finding of the study, the calculation process is defined for a European Reference Room, namely for a specific enclosure that allows an accurate and transparent evaluation of the total setpoint variation. The product-specific values of setpoint variations are calculated from measured vertical stratification and control parameters with an annual simulation model of the European Reference Room. The total setpoint variations were simulated for a set of heat emitters and controllers in order to quantify and compare the energy performance of a new and an old type building located in Strasbourg. We find that the total setpoint variation required to overcome emission losses is up to 2.00 °C in the old building and 1.20 °C in the new building, corresponding respectively to an increase in total heating energy usage of up to 22% and 20%.

scholarly journals Demand Side Flexibility Potential and Comfort Performance of Non-Residential Buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 2069 (1) ◽  
pp. 012151
Author(s):  
Georgios Chantzis ◽  
Panagiota Antoniadou ◽  
Maria Symeonidou ◽  
Effrosyni Giama ◽  
Simeon Oxizidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The need to create and maintain a sustainable indoor environment is now more than ever compelling. Both the legislation framework concerning the energy performance of buildings, as determined in its evolution through the EU Directives 2010/31/EU, 2012/27/EU and 2018/844/EU, and the European strategic plans towards green buildings, denote the need of sustainability and comfort of indoor environment for the occupant. Moreover, the EU Directive 2018/2001 sets the renewable energy target of at least 32% for 2030, denoting that the high renewable energy sources penetration level leads to challenges in the design and control of power generation, transmission and distribution. Demand side management may be able to provide buildings with the energy flexibility needed, in order to utilize the intermittent production of Renewable Energy Sources in a much more efficient and cost-effective way. The flexibility potential of installed building systems is investigated, while considering the effects on the indoor environment conditions and the perceived comfort. The implemented Demand Response (DR) control strategy shifts loads by changing heating system set point temperatures, based on market clearing prices of the day ahead market. The results indicated a reduction in energy consumption and energy costs, while maintaining indoor environment quality at satisfactory levels.

scholarly journals Potentials for improving energy performance of multifamily housing blocks connected to the district heating system

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (Suppl. 4) ◽  
pp. 1183-1193
Author(s):  
Natasa Cukovic-Ignjatovic ◽  
Dusan Ignjatovic ◽  
Budimir Sudimac
Keyword(s):  
Housing Stock ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
District Level ◽  
Multifamily Housing ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
District Heating System

Developments conceived following the principles of Athens Charter were typical form of urban answer to the post-war housing shortage and during the decades of intense construction activity that followed. In city of Belgrade, multifamily housing in open city blocks built between 1961 and 1990 account for about 40% of current housing stock. The current ownership and operation of these housing blocks derive from their socialist legacy: home-owners rights relate only to the buildings, excluding any open spaces, even the ones immediately along the building?s perimeter. On the other hand, heating is supplied by district heating system. Management of open spaces as well as provision of district heating are subordinates to local municipality (the city of Belgrade). Energy efficiency related refurbishment options for these developments that would engage both the home-owners and the public companies may be the key for bringing ever-needed modernization, prolonged lifespan and a sustainable way of using this portion of housing stock. By applying simple architectural measures, energy demand for heating of these buildings can be reduced by 30-78%, which opens a pathway for effective use of renewable energy sources. Unlike solar energy, which can be managed at building level, geothermal energy can be exploited only at the district level due to the ownership rights. The presented research explores the effectiveness of using geo-thermal energy at a district level coupled with systematic approach to building refurbishment, taking the advantage of the repetitive use of the same building design and the formal and practical relations with local authorities.

scholarly journals Economic Evaluation and Simulation for the Hasselt Case Study: Thermochemical District Network Technology vs. Alternative Technologies for Heating

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1260
Author(s):  
Muhannad Delwati ◽  
Ahmed Ammar ◽  
Philipp Geyer
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Environmental Evaluation ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
District Energy

Thermochemical-technology has high potential for utilizing surplus heat from industrial processes and renewables. This paper examines the economic potential and thermochemical-technology behavior at a network level. The city of Hasselt (Belgium), was chosen as a case study for technology application due to its typical mid-European urban structure. An integrated heating system was proposed which transports energy potential from available surplus-heat sources to the demand side over long distances by a thermochemical-district-heating network, which serves for building heating with heat-pump assistance. A dynamic simulation model of the thermochemical-technology was developed using the experiments and Hasselt data to determine the technology’s energy performance. To examine the technology’s feasibility in the context of a large district energy network, an economic and environmental evaluation of the thermochemical-technology was performed. To compare key economic parameters between our integrated technology and other heating systems a sensitivity analysis to identify favorable market-conditions for wider deployment of the proposed technology was performed. The simulations indicated a 72% reduction of heat-pump heating energy usage as a benefit of the thermochemical system. Network pumping-energy and thermochemical-fluid mass were found via simulation to be 80 kWh and 300 tons, respectively. In comparison to domestic-gas-boilers, the proposed technology shows 95% lower carbon emissions, however at 37% higher annualized cost.

scholarly journals Assessing the Energy Performance of Solar Thermal Energy for Heat Production in Urban Areas: A Case Study

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teodora Șoimoșan ◽  
Ligia Moga ◽  
Gelu Danku ◽  
Aurica Căzilă ◽  
Daniela Manea
Keyword(s):  
Heat Production ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Optimization Process ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Heat Demand ◽  
High Investment

One of the major challenges faced in the optimization process of existing heating systems is the harnessing and integration of a higher share of renewable energy. Centralized integration at the thermic source leads to high investment costs at the first investment stage, and low values of conversion, transport, and storage efficiencies, due to high levels of heat loss from large-capacity entropic systems. This research paper presents a case study on the partially decentralized integration of thermal solar fields that are used for heat production in crowded urban areas within the optimization process of the existing heating system in the city of Oradea, Romania. A deterministic method was used as the method for the calculation of heat demand, in both stationary—hourly heat demand and dynamic regimes—annual heat demand, and the simulations within the configuration and the optimization process of the hybrid heating systems were carried out. In the case study, four representative urban areas with different thermal densities were analyzed within two working scenarios, which took into account the energy performances of the buildings inside the studied areas before thermal retrofitting, and after a usual thermal retrofit.

scholarly journals Assessment of thermo-modernization in a multifamily building

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 00004
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Basińska ◽  
Halina Koczyk ◽  
Aleksandra Błotnicka-Smyk
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Central Unit ◽  
The Real ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Electricity Costs

This paper presents an evaluation of thermo-modernisation improvements applied over the years in the multi-family residential building. Those improvements have included the civil and mechanical activities. The civil activities were as follows: the application of the thermal insulation on the external walls and replacement of the windows. The mechanical activities were mainly focused on an adjustment of the heating system to the new reduced heating demands of the building. The heating system in the building was modified - the radiators were replaced with the new ones, the heating central unit was modernised. Moreover the local gas water heaters were eliminated. Then the building’s energy performance characteristics, prepared according to the valid Polish methodology, were compared with the real consumption. It was found that after the application of thermo-modifications the heating demand was reduced, twice. The economy efficiency of the thermo-modernisation was evaluated by means of a method of the annual costs. The annual costs include the heating system exploitation costs, DHW preparation system and the auxiliary devices electricity costs.

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