scholarly journals Mini Review on the Effects of Concentration Polarization in Forward Osmosis and Pressure-retarded Osmosis Processes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryoush Emadzadeh ◽  
Boguslaw Kruczek
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Polarization ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Pressure Retarded Osmosis

Pressure retarded osmosis for energy production: membrane materials and operating conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 1789-1794 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kim ◽  
J.-S. Choi ◽  
S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Concentration Polarization ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Polarization Ratio ◽  
Pressure Retarded Osmosis ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Internal Concentration ◽  
Membrane Type ◽  
Osmotic Pressure Difference

Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) is a novel membrane process to produce energy. PRO has the potential to convert the osmotic pressure difference between fresh water (i.e. river water) and seawater to electricity. Moreover, it can recover energy from highly concentrated brine in seawater desalination. Nevertheless, relatively little research has been undertaken for fundamental understanding of the PRO process. In this study, the characteristics of the PRO process were examined using a proof-of-concept device. Forward osmosis (FO), reverse osmosis (RO), and nanofiltration (NF) membranes were compared in terms of flux rate and concentration polarization ratio. The results indicated that the theoretical energy production by PRO depends on the membrane type as well as operating conditions (i.e. back pressure). The FO membrane had the highest energy efficiency while the NF membrane had the lowest efficiency. However, the energy production rate was low due to high internal concentration polarization (ICP) in the PRO membrane. This finding suggests that the control of the ICP is essential for practical application of PRO for energy production.

scholarly journals Effect of fouling on performance of pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) and forward osmosis (FO)

2018 ◽  
Vol 565 ◽  
pp. 450-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endre Nagy ◽  
Imre Hegedüs ◽  
Emily W. Tow ◽  
John H. Lienhard V
Keyword(s):  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Pressure Retarded Osmosis

scholarly journals A Review of CFD Modelling and Performance Metrics for Osmotic Membrane Processes

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Kang Yang Toh ◽  
Yong Yeow Liang ◽  
Woei Jye Lau ◽  
Gustavo A. Fimbres Weihs
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Cfd Modelling ◽  
Membrane Processes ◽  
Pressure Retarded Osmosis ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Scale Modelling ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Module Performance

Simulation via Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) offers a convenient way for visualising hydrodynamics and mass transport in spacer-filled membrane channels, facilitating further developments in spiral wound membrane (SWM) modules for desalination processes. This paper provides a review on the use of CFD modelling for the development of novel spacers used in the SWM modules for three types of osmotic membrane processes: reverse osmosis (RO), forward osmosis (FO) and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO). Currently, the modelling of mass transfer and fouling for complex spacer geometries is still limited. Compared with RO, CFD modelling for PRO is very rare owing to the relative infancy of this osmotically driven membrane process. Despite the rising popularity of multi-scale modelling of osmotic membrane processes, CFD can only be used for predicting process performance in the absence of fouling. This paper also reviews the most common metrics used for evaluating membrane module performance at the small and large scales.

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