Pressure Gradients in the Trabecular Pore Space of Femurs During Physiologic Loading

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Metzger ◽  
Stephen A. Schwaner ◽  
Glen L. Niebur
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Pressure Gradients ◽  
Osteogenic Protein ◽  
Msc Differentiation

Bone marrow is an important niche for mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which are progenitors for connective tissue cells. MSCs respond to mechanical stimuli (1). For example, steady and oscillatory fluid flow both affect MSC differentiation to the osteogenic lineages (2), while hydrostatic pressure increases MSC osteogenic protein expression (3). Both pressure and fluid flow are induced in bone marrow during loading due to the poroelastic nature of trabecular bone, and these may affect the differentiation or proliferation of the resident stromal cells.

scholarly journals Some Special Aspects of Liver Repair after Resection and Administration of Multipotent Stromal Cells in Experiment

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Igor Maiborodin ◽  
Elena Lushnikova ◽  
Marina Klinnikova ◽  
Swetlana Klochkova
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Liver Resection ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Multipotent Stromal Cells ◽  
Rapid Restoration ◽  
Bone Marrow Origin

Changes in rat liver after resection and injection of autologous multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells of bone marrow origin (MSCs) transfected with the GFP gene and cell membranes stained with red-fluorescent lipophilic membrane dye were studied by light microscopy. It was found that after the introduction of MSCs into the damaged liver, their differentiation into any cells was not found. However, under the conditions of MSCs use, the number of neutrophils in the parenchyma normalizes earlier, and necrosis and hemorrhages disappear more quickly. It was concluded that the use of MSCs at liver resection for the rapid restoration of an organ is inappropriate, since the injected cells in vivo do not differentiate either into hepatocytes, into epithelial cells of bile capillaries, into endotheliocytes and pericytes of the vascular membranes, into fibroblasts of the scar or other connective tissue structures, or into any other cells present in the liver.

scholarly journals Culture and characterization of various porcine integumentary-connective tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells to facilitate tissue adhesion to percutaneous metal implants

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Devaveena Dey ◽  
Nicholas G. Fischer ◽  
Andrea H. Dragon ◽  
Elsa Ronzier ◽  
Isha Mutreja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Cytoskeletal Proteins ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Differentiation Potential

Abstract Background Transdermal osseointegrated prosthesis have relatively high infection rates leading to implant revision or failure. A principle cause for this complication is the absence of a durable impervious biomechanical seal at the interface of the hard structure (implant) and adjacent soft tissues. This study explores the possibility of recapitulating an analogous cellular musculoskeletal-connective tissue interface, which is present at naturally occurring integumentary tissues where a hard structure exits the skin, such as the nail bed, hoof, and tooth. Methods Porcine mesenchymal stromal cells (pMSCs) were derived from nine different porcine integumentary and connective tissues: hoof-associated superficial flexor tendon, molar-associated periodontal ligament, Achilles tendon, adipose tissue and skin dermis from the hind limb and abdominal regions, bone marrow and muscle. For all nine pMSCs, the phenotype, multi-lineage differentiation potential and their adhesiveness to clinical grade titanium was characterized. Transcriptomic analysis of 11 common genes encoding cytoskeletal proteins VIM (Vimentin), cell–cell and cell–matrix adhesion genes (Vinculin, Integrin β1, Integrin β2, CD9, CD151), and for ECM genes (Collagen-1a1, Collagen-4a1, Fibronectin, Laminin-α5, Contactin-3) in early passaged cells was performed using qRT-PCR. Results All tissue-derived pMSCs were characterized as mesenchymal origin by adherence to plastic, expression of cell surface markers including CD29, CD44, CD90, and CD105, and lack of hematopoietic (CD11b) and endothelial (CD31) markers. All pMSCs differentiated into osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocytes, albeit at varying degrees, under specific culture conditions. Among the eleven adhesion genes evaluated, the cytoskeletal intermediate filament vimentin was found highly expressed in pMSC isolated from all tissues, followed by genes for the extracellular matrix proteins Fibronectin and Collagen-1a1. Expression of Vimentin was the highest in Achilles tendon, while Fibronectin and Col1agen-1a1 were highest in molar and hoof-associated superficial flexor tendon bone marrow, respectively. Achilles tendon ranked the highest in both multilineage differentiation and adhesion assessments to titanium metal. Conclusions These findings support further preclinical research of these tissue specific-derived MSCs in vivo in a transdermal osseointegration implant model.

scholarly journals Connective tissue growth factor regulates adipocyte differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells and facilitates leukemia bone marrow engraftment

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Lokesh Battula ◽  
Ye Chen ◽  
Maria da Graca Cabreira ◽  
Vivian Ruvolo ◽  
Zhiqiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Connective Tissue Growth Factor ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Adipocyte Differentiation ◽  
Adipogenic Differentiation ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Bone Marrow Engraftment

Key Points Connective tissue growth factor regulates adipogenic differentiation of MSCs. Connective tissue growth factor regulates leukemia engraftment.

scholarly journals Prospects of High Viscosity Oil Flow Rate in Horizontal Wells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudad H Al-Obaidi ◽  
Galkin AP ◽  
Patkin AA
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Analytical Formula ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Pressure Gradients ◽  
Oil Flow ◽  
Molecular Components ◽  
High Viscosity Oil

The non-Newtonian nature of fluid flow represents one of the most important features of the development of high-viscosity oil (HVO) deposits .The deviation from the linear law of the fluid flow is associated, first of all, with the formation of a strong spatial structure due to the presence of high-molecular components and dissolved gases in the composition. The stress required to destroy the formed structure is called the shear stress of the ultimate destruction of the structure. In this regard, in order to ensure the flow of HVO through the pore space, it is necessary to create certain values of pressure gradients above the dynamic shear pressure gradient (DSPG). With increasing pressure gradients above the DSPG, the oil structure begins to collapse, and after overcoming the critical value of the pressure gradient of the ultimate destruction of the structure (PGUDS), flow begins to be described by the Newtonianlaw. The article considers the influence of various factors on the oil flow rate of a horizontal well (HW) that exploits the HVO Deposit. At the same time, numerical experiments were carried out on a hydrodynamic model for the non-Newtonian oil flow regime (in the presence of DSPG) and the results obtained were compared with calculations of the oil flow rate using an analytical formula.

Oscillatory Fluid Flow Affects the Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells in a Primary Cilium Dependent Manner

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Hoey ◽  
Christopher R. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
Human Mscs ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Marrow Cavity ◽  
Physical Loading

Osteoporosis is a debilitating bone disease which occurs in part when bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) fail to produce sufficient numbers of osteoblasts to counteract bone resorption by osteoclasts. The majority of research to date has described chemically induced differentiation of BMSCs but a key regulator of stromal cell differentiation is physical loading. BMSCs experience both hydrostatic pressure and fluid flow within the marrow cavity and such modes of loading have been shown to significantly alter gene expression in vitro [1,2]. In particular, the effect of oscillatory fluid flow (OFF) induced shear stress results in the upregulation of osteogenic genes in preosteoblastic cells; however the effect of this mode of loading is not well characterized in human MSCs (hMSCs) [3].

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document