Effects of Hormone Therapy on Regional Surface Strain as a Function of Applied Strain in the Macaque Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon-Michael E. Caldwell ◽  
Ryan T. Cassilly ◽  
Haley A. Bunting ◽  
Christopher S. Ahmad ◽  
Louis U. Bigliani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Cynomolgus Macaque ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Strain ◽  
Glenohumeral Ligament ◽  
Strain Behavior ◽  
Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Therapy Studies

Hormones such as estrogen are known to have an effect on the biomechanical properties of certain ligaments such as the anterior cruciate ligament in the knee; however, relatively little is known about its effect on the ligaments of the shoulder. The inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL) is a static stabilizer of the shoulder that prevents anterior translation of the humeral head. Alterations to the properties of this ligament can result in capsular stretching, increased laxity, and ultimately instability. The cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) shares many hormonal similarities with humans including a 28-day menstrual cycle and is a commonly used model for hormone replacement therapy studies. This study uses the female cynomolgus monkey as a model of the human shoulder to determine if estrogen has an effect on the regional surface strain behavior of the inferior glenohumeral ligament.

Effect of Hormone Therapy on Tensile Strain of the Macaque Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haley A. Bunting ◽  
Ryan T. Cassilly ◽  
Brian Jin ◽  
Christopher S. Ahmad ◽  
Louis U. Bigliani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Glenohumeral Ligament ◽  
Shoulder Laxity ◽  
Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

The effect of hormone treatment on the material properties of ligaments has been extensively studied for the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). However, there have been few studies on the effects of hormones on the material properties of the shoulder. Shoulder ligaments contribute to overall shoulder stability, and a change in ligament properties could contribute to a change in overall shoulder laxity. Cynomolgus monkeys have served as nonhuman primate models in studies examining the effects of hormone replacement therapy on the cardiovascular system, as well as serving as a model for menopause, reproductive support structures, the knee joint and shoulder joint. The cynomolgus macaques are commonly used for studies involving hormone replacement therapy because they have 28-day menstrual cycles with very similar hormonal patterns to that of women. This study uses female cynomologus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) monkeys as an animal model of the human shoulder to determine if estrogen has an effect on the strain distribution of the inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL).

Effect of Estrogen on Viscoelastic Properties of the Anterior Pouch of the Macaque Animal Model of the Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Gardner ◽  
Ryan T. Cassilly ◽  
Brian Jin ◽  
Anuli N. Mkparu ◽  
Christoper S. Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Glenohumeral Ligament ◽  
Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament

The effect of hormone treatment on the material properties of ligaments has been extensively studied for the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). However, there have been very few studies on the effects of hormones on the material properties of the shoulder. These shoulder ligaments contribute to overall shoulder stability, and a change in ligament properties could contribute to a change in overall shoulder laxity. This study uses female cynomologus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) monkeys as an animal model of the human shoulder to determine if estrogen has an effect on the viscoelastic properties of the anterior pouch of the inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL). Cynomolgus monkeys have served as nonhuman primate models in several studies, including monkey models of menopause, the effects of hormone replacement therapy on the cardiovascular system, reproductive support organs, and the knee joint. The cynomolgus macaques are commonly used for studies involving hormone replacement therapy because they have 28-day menstrual cycles with very similar hormonal patterns to that of women.

scholarly journals Collagen-Platelet Composites Improve the Biomechanical Properties of Healing Anterior Cruciate Ligament Grafts in a Porcine Model

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1554-1563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Braden C. Fleming ◽  
Kurt P. Spindler ◽  
Matthew P. Palmer ◽  
Elise M. Magarian ◽  
Martha M. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Acl Reconstruction ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Bone Allograft ◽  
Knee Laxity ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Vessel Infiltration

Background The outcome of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is variable, and many patients have increased joint laxity postoperatively. Hypothesis Placement of a collagen-platelet composite (CPC) around the graft at the time of ACL reconstruction decreases postoperative knee laxity and improves the structural properties of the graft compared with standard ACL reconstruction. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Thirteen immature pigs underwent unilateral ACL reconstruction with a bone–patellar tendon–bone allograft. In 6 pigs, a standard allograft was used to reconstruct the ACL. In 7 pigs, a CPC was placed around the allograft. After 15 weeks of healing, the animals were euthanized, and the anterior-posterior (AP) knee laxity and structural properties of the graft were measured. Qualitative histology of the grafts was also performed. Results The AP laxity values of the reconstructed knees, normalized to the contralateral control, were significantly reduced by 28% and 57% at 60° and 90° of knee flexion, respectively, with the addition of CPC (P <. 001). Significant improvements in the graft structural properties were also found; the normalized yield (P =. 044) and maximum failure loads (P =. 025) of the CPC group were 60% higher than the standard ACL-reconstructed group. Although cellular and vessel infiltration were observed in the grafts of both groups, regions of necrosis were present only in the standard ACL-reconstructed group. Conclusion These data demonstrate that the application of CPC at the time of ACL reconstruction improves the structural properties of the graft and reduces early AP knee laxity in the porcine model after 15 weeks of healing. Clinical Relevance Application of a CPC to an ACL graft at the time of surgery decreased knee laxity and increased the structural properties of the graft after 15 weeks of healing.

scholarly journals Biomechanical properties of the anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament under stress

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
José Atualpa Pinheiro Júnior ◽  
José Alberto Dias Leite ◽  
Francisco Erivan de Abreu Melo ◽  
José de Sá Cavalcante Júnior ◽  
Antônio Cantídio Silva Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Force Constants ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Hooke’S Law ◽  
Glenohumeral Ligament ◽  
Group I ◽  
Hooke's Law ◽  
Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament ◽  
Group Ii

This paper is aimed at studying the behavior of the band of inferior glenohumeral ligament subjected to uniaxial traction. Twenty ligaments were distributed in two groups: Group I ( ligaments with bony origin and insertion) and Group II ( medial portion of the ligament). Uniaxial traction was applied to all tendons utilizing a traction machine develop in the Department of Physics of UFC. Hooke's Law was used for evaluation of ligament behavior during elastic phase and the Exponential stress-strain Law, for rigidity phase. All ligaments had the same behavior, presenting a phase of elasticity , followed by one of rigidity. After evaluation of the elastic phase , applying Hooke's Law, ligaments constants were 10.507 N/mm ( group I ) and 13.80 N/mm ( group II), suffering a straining of 2.83% and 2.84%,respectively, until the ligament became rigid. During rigidity phase, the constants were 511.56% N/mm (group I) and 156.84% N/mm (group II). It is concluded that the ligament submitted to traction suffers a small elongation until becoming rigid along with an important increase in force constants during rigidity phase.

The anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament: Biomechanical properties from tensile testing in the position of apprehension

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. McMahon ◽  
James E. Tibone ◽  
Patrick W. Cawley ◽  
Christopher Hamilton ◽  
Joel D. Fechter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Glenohumeral Ligament ◽  
Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament

Mechanical Properties of the Glenohumeral Capsule Change With Simulated Injury

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie A. Voycheck ◽  
Patrick J. McMahon ◽  
Richard E. Debski
Keyword(s):  
Glenohumeral Joint ◽  
Tissue Sample ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Recurrent Instability ◽  
Glenohumeral Ligament ◽  
Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament ◽  
Normal Stability ◽  
Glenohumeral Capsule ◽  
Anterior Direction ◽  
Repair Techniques

The glenohumeral joint suffers more dislocations than any other joint, most of which occur in the anterior direction. The anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament (AB-IGHL) is the primary restraint to these dislocations and as a result experiences the highest strains during these events. [1] Injuries to the capsule following dislocation include permanent tissue deformation that increases joint mobility and contributes to recurrent instability. [2] This deformation can be quantified by measuring nonrecoverable strain. [3] Simulated injury of the capsule results in permanently elongated tissue and nonrecoverable strain. Current surgical repair techniques are subjective and may not fully address all capsular tissue pathologies resulting from dislocation. Surgeons typically repair the injured capsule by plicating the stretched-out tissue; however, these techniques are inadequate with 23% of patients needing an additional repair. [4] Quantitative data on the changes in the biomechanical properties of the capsule following dislocation may help to predict the amount of capsular tissue to plicate for restoring normal stability. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to quantify changes in stiffness and material properties of the AB-IGHL tissue sample following simulated injury (creation of nonrecoverable strain).

scholarly journals The human anterior cruciate ligament: Sex differences in ultrastructure and correlation with biomechanical properties

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 945-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javad Hashemi ◽  
Naveen Chandrashekar ◽  
Hossein Mansouri ◽  
James R. Slauterbeck ◽  
Daniel M. Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Strain Behavior During Rehabilitation Exercises In Vivo

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce D. Beynnon ◽  
Braden C. Fleming ◽  
Robert J. Johnson ◽  
Claude E. Nichols ◽  
Per A. Renström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Strain Behavior ◽  
Ligament Strain ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Rehabilitation Exercises

The Strain Behavior of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament During Stair Climbing: An In Vivo Study

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Braden C. Fleming ◽  
Bruce D. Beynnon ◽  
Per A. Renstrom ◽  
Robert J. Johnson ◽  
Claude E. Nichols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Strain Behavior ◽  
Anterior Cruciate
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