Effect of Hormone Therapy on Tensile Strain of the Macaque Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haley A. Bunting ◽  
Ryan T. Cassilly ◽  
Brian Jin ◽  
Christopher S. Ahmad ◽  
Louis U. Bigliani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Glenohumeral Ligament ◽  
Shoulder Laxity ◽  
Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

The effect of hormone treatment on the material properties of ligaments has been extensively studied for the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). However, there have been few studies on the effects of hormones on the material properties of the shoulder. Shoulder ligaments contribute to overall shoulder stability, and a change in ligament properties could contribute to a change in overall shoulder laxity. Cynomolgus monkeys have served as nonhuman primate models in studies examining the effects of hormone replacement therapy on the cardiovascular system, as well as serving as a model for menopause, reproductive support structures, the knee joint and shoulder joint. The cynomolgus macaques are commonly used for studies involving hormone replacement therapy because they have 28-day menstrual cycles with very similar hormonal patterns to that of women. This study uses female cynomologus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) monkeys as an animal model of the human shoulder to determine if estrogen has an effect on the strain distribution of the inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL).

Effect of Estrogen on Viscoelastic Properties of the Anterior Pouch of the Macaque Animal Model of the Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Gardner ◽  
Ryan T. Cassilly ◽  
Brian Jin ◽  
Anuli N. Mkparu ◽  
Christoper S. Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Glenohumeral Ligament ◽  
Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament

The effect of hormone treatment on the material properties of ligaments has been extensively studied for the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). However, there have been very few studies on the effects of hormones on the material properties of the shoulder. These shoulder ligaments contribute to overall shoulder stability, and a change in ligament properties could contribute to a change in overall shoulder laxity. This study uses female cynomologus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) monkeys as an animal model of the human shoulder to determine if estrogen has an effect on the viscoelastic properties of the anterior pouch of the inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL). Cynomolgus monkeys have served as nonhuman primate models in several studies, including monkey models of menopause, the effects of hormone replacement therapy on the cardiovascular system, reproductive support organs, and the knee joint. The cynomolgus macaques are commonly used for studies involving hormone replacement therapy because they have 28-day menstrual cycles with very similar hormonal patterns to that of women.

Effects of Hormone Therapy on Regional Surface Strain as a Function of Applied Strain in the Macaque Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon-Michael E. Caldwell ◽  
Ryan T. Cassilly ◽  
Haley A. Bunting ◽  
Christopher S. Ahmad ◽  
Louis U. Bigliani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Cynomolgus Macaque ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Strain ◽  
Glenohumeral Ligament ◽  
Strain Behavior ◽  
Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Therapy Studies

Hormones such as estrogen are known to have an effect on the biomechanical properties of certain ligaments such as the anterior cruciate ligament in the knee; however, relatively little is known about its effect on the ligaments of the shoulder. The inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL) is a static stabilizer of the shoulder that prevents anterior translation of the humeral head. Alterations to the properties of this ligament can result in capsular stretching, increased laxity, and ultimately instability. The cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) shares many hormonal similarities with humans including a 28-day menstrual cycle and is a commonly used model for hormone replacement therapy studies. This study uses the female cynomolgus monkey as a model of the human shoulder to determine if estrogen has an effect on the regional surface strain behavior of the inferior glenohumeral ligament.

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