The Mechanical and Structural Changes in Murine Arteries due to the Antiretroviral Drug Azidothymidine (AZT)

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Hansen ◽  
Manu O. Platt ◽  
Roy L. Sutliff ◽  
Rudolph L. Gleason
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Chronic Condition ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug ◽  
Hiv 1

With over 33 million people infected with the human immunodefeciency virus (HIV-1), HIV-1 and autoimmune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a worldwide epidemic [1]. However, the development and widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has helped transform HIV-1 infection from a terminal disease leading to AIDS to a manageable chronic condition. With the increase in life expectancy, a new set of non-AIDS related complications has emerged including dyslipidemia, lipodystrophy, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) specifically high risks for myocardial infarction[2] and increased incidence of atherosclerosis [3]. Additionally, patients exhibit markers of subclinical atherosclerosis including endothelial dysfunction [4], carotid artery intima-media thickening [5], and arterial stiffening [4, 6].

Clinical, Epidemiological, and Laboratory Characteristics of Myocardial Infarction in HIV-1-Infected Patients Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 288-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Calza ◽  
Alessandra Cascavilla ◽  
Daria Pocaterra ◽  
Roberto Manfredi ◽  
Vincenzo Colangeli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Antiretroviral drug resistance and HIV-1 subtypes among treatment-naive prisoners in Kelantan, Malaysia

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (08) ◽  
pp. 1063-1067
Author(s):  
Tengku Ahmad Akram Tengku Mohd Ariffin ◽  
Suharni Mohamad ◽  
Wan Nazirah Wan Yusuf ◽  
Rafidah Hanim Shueb
Keyword(s):  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Antiviral Resistance ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug Resistance ◽  
Subtype Assignment ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Hiv 1

Introduction: The widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and continuous reports of HIV-1 strains developing resistance to these drugs is rather alarming, as transmission of resistant viruses to newly infected persons is possible. This study aimed to determine HIV-1 subtypes and the prevalence of primary mutations associated with antiretroviral (ARV) resistance among treatment-naive prisoners on the east coast of Malaysia. Methodology: Viral RNA was extracted from plasma samples of 21 treatment-naive prisoners. Protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) regions were amplified and sequenced. Stanford HIV database algorithms were used for interpretation of resistance, and phylogenetic analysis was performed for subtype assignment. Results: In the PR gene, no antiviral resistance-associated mutation was detected. For RT-associated mutations, K103N was the most prevalent in sequenced samples (14.3%). Genetic subtyping on the pol gene revealed that the majority of the prisoners were infected with subtype CRF33_01B (52.4%). Conclusion: Continuous surveillance of newly infected individuals is required to help strategize the best antiviral treatment for these patients.

scholarly journals Antigen-driven CD4+ T cell and HIV-1 dynamics: Residual viral replication under highly active antiretroviral therapy

1999 ◽  
Vol 96 (26) ◽  
pp. 15167-15172 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Ferguson ◽  
F. deWolf ◽  
A. C. Ghani ◽  
C. Fraser ◽  
C. A. Donnelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Viral Replication ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Effect of HIV‐1 Subtype on Virologic and Immunologic Response to Starting Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 1296-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Geretti ◽  
Linda Harrison ◽  
Hannah Green ◽  
Caroline Sabin ◽  
Teresa Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Immunologic Response ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Hiv 1

Proviral HIV-1 DNA in subjects followed since primary HIV-1 infection who suppress plasma viral load after one year of highly active antiretroviral therapy

AIDS ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 665-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Ngo-Giang-Huong ◽  
Christiane Deveau ◽  
Isabelle Da Silva ◽  
Isabelle Pellegrin ◽  
Alain Venet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Plasma Viral Load ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
One Year ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Frequent Reactivation of Herpes Simplex Virus among HIV‐1–Infected Patients Treated with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

2004 ◽  
Vol 190 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Posavad ◽  
Anna Wald ◽  
Steven Kuntz ◽  
Meei Li Huang ◽  
Stacy Selke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Hiv 1
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