In-Vivo Measurement of Vitreous Motion Using an Ultrasound Imaging Velocimetry Technique

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommaso Rossi ◽  
Giorgio Querzoli ◽  
Rodolfo Repetto ◽  
Alessandro Stocchino ◽  
Giacomo Pasqualitto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Detachment ◽  
Retinal Degeneration ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Vitreous Haemorrhage ◽  
Retinal Diseases ◽  
In Vivo Measurement ◽  
The Past ◽  
Vitreous Dynamics

Vitreous dynamics plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of various vitreo-retinal diseases, such as vitreous haemorrhage, peripheral retinal degeneration and tears, retinal detachment,… Quantitative measurement of vitreous motion has been attempted in the past using ultrasound imaging [1] and MRI [2]. However, information about vitreous motion secondary to eye rotations as well as knowledge of vitreous rheology is still limited.

An ultrasound imaging method for in vivo measurement of tracheal elasticity

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Yen Chen ◽  
Chao-Ling Wu ◽  
Shou Chia Chu ◽  
Huihua Kenny Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
In Vivo Measurement

In vivo measurement of total body magnesium and manganese in rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (5) ◽  
pp. R1136-R1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Q. Zhang ◽  
K. J. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Activation Technique ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Counting System ◽  
In Vivo Measurement ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Neutron Activation Technique ◽  
Least Squares Curve Fitting ◽  
Total Body

Mg and Mn are essential minerals in many biological processes. Thus knowledge of their absolute amounts and how those amounts may be altered is important. In the past the in vivo measurement of Mg in animals was limited by both the poor geometry of the counting system and the requirement for multiple counts of the animal over several hours. We have developed a neutron activation technique for the direct in vivo measurement of total body Mg and Mn in the rat. The counting system adapted for the technique has a response that is relatively invariant (+/- 2.5%) to differences in body size. A least-squares curve fitting technique was developed that requires only a single 5-min count of the animal. Our in vivo values for body Mg and Mn were in excellent agreement (+/- 2.0%) with the results of total carcass analysis using atomic absorption. Longitudinal changes in total body Mg and Mn were examined in vivo in two groups of animals maintained on test diets that contained different amounts of Mg.

scholarly journals Intravitreal Injection of Hydrogen Peroxide Induces Acute Retinal Degeneration, Apoptosis, and Oxidative Stress in Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Huang ◽  
Jia-Jian Liang ◽  
Xi Zhuang ◽  
Shao-Wan Chen ◽  
Tsz Kin Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Retinal Degeneration ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Intravitreal Injection ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Outer Nuclear Layer ◽  
Retinal Diseases

Purpose. Oxidative stress is a common pathological condition for multiple retinal diseases. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been applied as an oxidative stress inducer for the in vitro studies. Here, we report the in vivo effect of H2O2 exposure to the mouse retina and its underlying mechanism. Methods. The H2O2 or saline solution was intravitreally injected into the eyes of female C57BL/6J mice for two consecutive days. The retinal structure was evaluated by in vivo imaging using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) and validated by histological assessment as well as retinal marker expression. In addition, retinal stress, cell apoptosis, and antioxidant enzyme expression were also determined. Results. Retinal and outer nuclear layer thickness thinning was observed at days 7 and 14 by OCT imaging with the treatment of 10 μg H2O2, which was confirmed by the histopathological analysis. The expressions of photoreceptor (Rho, Rora, Rorb, and Rcvrn), bipolar cell (Chat and Calb2), and retinal pigment epithelial (Rpe65) markers were reduced in the H2O2-treated group, whereas the expression of retinal ganglion cell marker (Tubb3) was increased. TUNEL-positive cells were obviously found in the outer nuclear layer and inner nuclear layer of H2O2-treated mice but sparely found in the ganglion cell layer. Coherently, apoptotic gene expressions (Casp3, Casp9, Bax, and Parp8) were significantly increased in the retina with increasing dosages of H2O2, while Bcl2 expression was mildly decreased. In addition, the expressions of Gfap and antioxidant enzyme genes (Txn2, Sod2, and Gpx4) were significantly upregulated in the retina after the H2O2 treatment, compared to the vehicle control group. Conclusions. This study revealed that intravitreal injection of H2O2 induces acute retinal damage by increasing oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in the retina. This acute retinal degeneration mouse model could provide a platform for drug screening against oxidative stress and retinal diseases.

Osseointegration interface of calcified bone and endosseous implants

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1096-1097
Author(s):  
K.E. Krizan ◽  
J.E. Laffoon ◽  
M.J. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Endosseous Implants ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Function

With increase use of tissue-integrated prostheses in recent years it is a goal to understand what is happening at the interface between haversion bone and bulk metal. This study uses electron microscopy (EM) techniques to establish parameters for osseointegration (structure and function between bone and nonload-carrying implants) in an animal model. In the past the interface has been evaluated extensively with light microscopy methods. Today researchers are using the EM for ultrastructural studies of the bone tissue and implant responses to an in vivo environment. Under general anesthesia nine adult mongrel dogs received three Brånemark (Nobelpharma) 3.75 × 7 mm titanium implants surgical placed in their left zygomatic arch. After a one year healing period the animals were injected with a routine bone marker (oxytetracycline), euthanized and perfused via aortic cannulation with 3% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer pH 7.2. Implants were retrieved en bloc, harvest radiographs made (Fig. 1), and routinely embedded in plastic. Tissue and implants were cut into 300 micron thick wafers, longitudinally to the implant with an Isomet saw and diamond wafering blade [Beuhler] until the center of the implant was reached.

Novel Findings of Anti-cancer Property of Propofol

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaqiang Wang ◽  
Chien-shan Cheng ◽  
Yan Lu ◽  
Xiaowei Ding ◽  
Minmin Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Intravenous Anesthetic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Recent Attention

Background: Propofol, a widely used intravenous anesthetic agent, is traditionally applied for sedation and general anesthesia. Explanation: Recent attention has been drawn to explore the effect and mechanisms of propofol against cancer progression in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, the proliferation-inhibiting and apoptosis-inducing properties of propofol in cancer have been studied. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Conclusion: This review focused on the findings within the past ten years and aimed to provide a general overview of propofol's malignance-modulating properties and the potential molecular mechanisms.

scholarly journals In Vivo Measurement of Neurochemical Abnormalities in the Hippocampus in a Rat Model of Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Do-Wan Lee ◽  
Jae-Im Kwon ◽  
Chul-Woong Woo ◽  
Hwon Heo ◽  
Kyung Won Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
In Vivo Measurement ◽  
Hippocampal Lesions ◽  
Total Creatine

This study quantitatively measured the changes in metabolites in the hippocampal lesions of a rat model of cuprizone-induced demyelination as detected using in vivo 7 T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Nineteen Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups and fed a normal chow diet or cuprizone (0.2%, w/w) for 7 weeks. Demyelinated hippocampal lesions were quantitatively measured using a 7 T magnetic resonance imaging scanner. All proton spectra were quantified for metabolite concentrations and relative ratios. Compared to those in the controls, the cuprizone-induced rats had significantly higher concentrations of glutamate (p = 0.001), gamma-aminobutyric acid (p = 0.019), and glutamate + glutamine (p = 0.001); however, creatine + phosphocreatine (p = 0.006) and myo-inositol (p = 0.001) concentrations were lower. In addition, we found that the glutamine and glutamate complex/total creatine (p < 0.001), glutamate/total creatine (p < 0.001), and GABA/total creatine (p = 0.002) ratios were significantly higher in cuprizone-treated rats than in control rats. Our results showed that cuprizone-induced neuronal demyelination may influence the severe abnormal metabolism in hippocampal lesions, and these responses could be caused by microglial activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and astrocytic necrosis.

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