Tendon Stem Cells and Platelet-Rich Plasma for Repair of Injured Tendons

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H-C. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Normal Structure ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Tendon Injury ◽  
Tendon Injuries ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Tendon Stem Cells ◽  
Differential Properties

Tendon injuries, including acute tendon injuries and tendinopathy, are common in both occupational and athletic settings. However, current treatments for tendon injury are largely ineffective, as they cannot restore normal structure and function to injured tendons. This challenge mainly stems from our incomplete understanding of tendon cell properties and responses to biomechanical and biochemical environments surrounding the cells. In recent years, however, significant progress has been made on two fronts. First, tendon stem cells (TSCs) have been recently identified. The tendon-specific stem cells can self-renew and posses multi-differentiation potential and as such, may be used to repair injured tendons more effectively. Second, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has now been widely used in orthopaedics and sports medicine to treat injured tendons. In this presentation, I will present data on TSCs, in terms of their differential properties with respect to tenocytes and their differential mechano-responses when subjected to small and large mechanical loading conditions. I will also discuss the basic scientific studies on PRP regarding its effects on TSCs, particularly on their differentiation, which is a critical issue related to the safety and efficacy of PRP treatment in clinics (Fig. 1).

Complete resolution of a hamstring intramuscular tendon injury on MRI is not necessary for a clinically successful return to play

2020 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2019-101808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Vermeulen ◽  
Emad Almusa ◽  
Stan Buckens ◽  
Willem Six ◽  
Rod Whiteley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Complete Resolution ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Tendon Injury ◽  
Tendon Injuries ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Partial Thickness ◽  
Mri Characteristics

BackgroundClinical decision-making around intramuscular tendon injuries of the hamstrings is a controversial topic in sports medicine. For this injury, MRI at return to play (RTP) might improve RTP decision-making; however, no studies have investigated this.ObjectiveOur objectives were to describe MRI characteristics at RTP, to evaluate healing and to examine the association of MRI characteristics at RTP with reinjury for clinically recovered hamstring intramuscular tendon injuries.MethodsWe included 41 athletes with hamstring intramuscular tendon injuries and an MRI at baseline and RTP. For both MRIs, we used a standardised scoring form that included intramuscular tendon injury characteristics. We recorded reinjuries during 1-year follow-up.ResultsAt RTP, 56% of the intramuscular tendons showed a partial or complete thickness tendon discontinuity. Regarding healing from injury to RTP, 18 of 34 (44% overall) partial-thickness tendon discontinuities became continuous and 6 out of 7 (15% overall) complete thickness tendon discontinuities became partial-thickness tendon discontinuities. Waviness decreased from 61% to 12%, and 88% of tendons became thickened. We recorded eight (20%) reinjuries within 1 year. Intramuscular tendon characteristics at RTP between participants with or without a reinjury were similar.ConclusionComplete resolution of an intramuscular tendon injury on MRI is not necessary for clinically successful RTP. From injury to RTP, the intramuscular tendon displayed signs of healing. Intramuscular tendon characteristics of those with or without a reinjury were similar.

scholarly journals Revisiting the Regenerative Therapeutic Advances Towards Erectile Dysfunction

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1250
Author(s):  
Ming-Che Liu ◽  
Meng-Lin Chang ◽  
Ya-Chun Wang ◽  
Wei-Hung Chen ◽  
Chien-Chih Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Regenerative Therapies

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is an inability to attain or maintain adequate penile erection for successful vaginal intercourse, leading to sexual and relationship dissatisfaction. To combat ED, various surgical and non-surgical approaches have been developed in the past to restore erectile functions. These therapeutic interventions exhibit significant impact in providing relief to patients; however, due to their associated adverse effects and lack of long-term efficacy, newer modalities such as regenerative therapeutics have gained attention due to their safe and prolonged efficacy. Stem cells and platelet-derived biomaterials contained in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) are thriving as some of the major therapeutic regenerative agents. In recent years, various preclinical and clinical studies have evaluated the individual, as well as combined of stem cells and PRP to restore erectile function. Being rich in growth factors, chemokines, and angiogenic factors, both stem cells and PRP play a crucial role in regenerating nerve cells, myelination of axons, homing and migration of progenitor cells, and anti-fibrosis and anti-apoptosis of damaged cavernous nerve in corporal tissues. Further, platelet-derived biomaterials have been proven to be a biological supplement for enhancing the proliferative and differentiation potential of stem cells towards neurogenic fate. Therefore, this article comprehensively analyzes the progresses of these regenerative therapies for ED.

scholarly journals Autophagy Prevents Oxidative Stress-Induced Loss of Self-Renewal Capacity and Stemness in Human Tendon Stem Cells by Reducing ROS Accumulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 2227-2238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Chen ◽  
Heng-an Ge ◽  
Gen-bing Wu ◽  
Biao Cheng ◽  
Yong Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Beclin 1 ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
H2o2 Treatment ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Loss Of Self ◽  
Ros Accumulation ◽  
Tendon Stem Cells

Background/Aims: Tendon stem cells (TSCs) exhibit a high self-renewal capacity, multi-differentiation potential, and low immunogenicity; thus, these cells might provide a new cell source for tendon repair and regeneration. TSCs are exposed to increased oxidative stress at tendon injury sites; however, how TSCs maintain their stemness under oxidative stress is not clear. Methods and Results: In this study, we found that H2O2 treatment increased ROS accumulation in human TSCs (hTSCs) and resulted in loss of self-renewal capacity and stemness, as reflected in reduced colony formation and proliferation, decreased expression of the stemness markers Nanog, Oct-4, NS, and SSEA-4, and impaired differentiation capability. These H2O2-induced damages were prevented by pretreatment with starvation or rapamycin. Pretreatment with starvation or rapamycin prior to H2O2 exposure also led to decreased intracellular and mitochondrial ROS accumulation along with increased autophagic activity, as manifested in increased LC3 cleavage, Beclin-1 expression, and GFP-LC3-labeled autophagosome formation. Autophagy inhibition by 3-MA or CQ, or by shRNA silencing of Agt-7 or Beclin-1 reduced the protective effects of starvation and rapamycin on H2O2-treated hTSCs. Conclusion: Thus, the findings of this study suggest that autophagy prevents oxidative stress-induced loss of self-renewal capacity and stemness in hTSCs through suppression of ROS accumulation.

scholarly journals Platelet HMGB1 in Platelet-Rich Plasma Promotes Tendon Wound Healing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianying Zhang ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
Tyler Augi ◽  
Kelly M. Williamson ◽  
Kentaro Onishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Tendon Healing ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Tendon Injury ◽  
Tendon Injuries ◽  
Stem Cell Markers ◽  
Wound Area ◽  
Injury Model ◽  
Collagen Iii ◽  
Cell Densities

AbstractPlatelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a widely used autologous treatment for tendon injuries in clinics, but clinical trials often produce conflicting results. Platelets (PLTs) are a major source of high mobility group box1 (HMGB1) that is gaining attention as a chemoattractant that can recruit stem cells to the wound area to enhance healing; however, the contribution of PLT HMGB1 in wounded tendon healing remains unexplored. This study investigated the effect of PLT HMGB1 within PRP to enhance healing in an acute patellar tendon injury model in PLT HMGB1 knockout (KO) mice and GFP mice. A window defect was created in the patellar tendons of both groups of mice, and wounds were treated with either saline, PRP isolated from PLT HMGB1 KO mice, or PRP isolated from GFP mice. Seven days post-treatment, animals were sacrificed and analyzed by gross inspection, histology, and immunostaining for characteristic signs of tendon healing and repair. Our results showed that in comparison to mice treated with PRP from PLT HMGB1-KO mice, wounds treated with PRP from GFP mice healed faster and exhibited a better organization in tendon structure. Mice treated with PRP from PLT HMGB1-KO mice produced tendon tissue with large premature wound areas and low cell densities. However, wounds of PLT HMGB1 KO mice showed better healing with PRP from HMGB1 KO mice compared to saline treatment. Moreover, wounds treated with PRP from GFP mice had increased extracellular HMGB1, decreased CD68, increased stem cell markers CD146 and CD73, and increased collagen III protein expression levels compared to those treated with PRP from PLT HMGB1 KO mice. Thus, PLT HMGB1 within PRP plays an important role in the healing of wounded tendon. Our findings also suggest that the efficacy of PRP treatment for tendon injuries in clinics may be affected by PLT HMGB1 within PRP preparations.

scholarly journals Identification and Distinction of Tenocytes and Tendon-Derived Stem Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuange Li ◽  
Tianyi Wu ◽  
Shen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Tendon Repair ◽  
Normal Structure ◽  
Medicine Department ◽  
Marker Selection ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
And Function

Restoring the normal structure and function of injured tendons is one of the biggest challenges in orthopedics and sports medicine department. The discovery of tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) provides a novel perspective to treat tendon injuries, which is expected to be an ideal seed cell to promote tendon repair and regeneration. Because of the lack of specific markers, the identification of tenocytes and TDSCs has not been conclusive in the in vitro study of tendons. In addition, the morphology of tendon derived cells is similar, and the comparison and identification of tenocytes and TDSCs are insufficient, which causes some obstacles to the in vitro study of tendon. In this review, the characteristics of tenocytes and TDSCs are summarized and compared based on some existing research results (mainly in terms of biomarkers), and a potential marker selection for identification is suggested. It is of profound significance to further explore the mechanism of biomarkers in vivo and to find more specific markers.

Harmful Effects of Leukocyte-Rich Platelet-Rich Plasma on Rabbit Tendon Stem Cells In Vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1941-1951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Shuo Chen ◽  
Peng Chang ◽  
Nirong Bao ◽  
Chao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Tendon Stem Cells ◽  
Harmful Effects

Ultrasound Evaluation of Stem Cell Treated Tendon Injuries in the Horse: Repair or Regeneration?

Ultrasound ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte S Avella ◽  
Roger K Smith
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Tendon Injury ◽  
Tendon Injuries ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Ultrasound Evaluation

Ultrasonography is widely used in the diagnosis and monitoring of equine tendon injuries. More recently it has been used to perform ultrasound guided intra-lesional administration of growth factor and cell based therapies including autologus bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). Re-injury rates in horses following tendon injury are high with conventional treatment, however the use of BM-MSCs has resulted in a significant reduction in tendon re-injury in National Hunt racehorses. This article reviews the methods of tendon ultrasound used in the horse and the techniques used for BM-MSC therapy to treat tendon injury.

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