Multi Layered Polycaprolactone-Elastin-Collagen Small Diameter Conduits for Vascular Tissue Engineering

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. McClure ◽  
Scott A. Sell ◽  
Gary L. Bowlin
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elastic Behavior ◽  
Vessel Rupture

The architecture of the vascular wall is highly intricate and requires unique biomechanical properties in order to function properly. Native artery is composed of a mix of collagens, elastin, endothelial cells (ECs), smooth muscle cells (SMC), fibroblasts, and proteoglycans arranged into three distinct layers: the intima, media, and adventitia. Throughout artery, collagen and elastin play an important role, providing a mechanical backbone, preventing vessel rupture, and promoting recovery while undergoing pulsatile deformations [1]. The low-strain mechanical response of artery to blood flow is dominated by the elastic behavior, of elastin, which prevents pulsatile energy from being dissipated as heat [2]. A higher amount of energy loss indicates a decrease in recoverability, which could lead to eventual disruption of blood flow. An effective way to quantify recoverability is through hysteresis and compliance measurement. The hypothesis of this study was that the fabrication of a multi-layered electrospun tissue engineering scaffold composed of polycaprolactone (PCL), elastin, and collagen would demonstrate dynamic mechanical properties indicative of a highly elastic material, similar to the three distinct layers of native arterial tissue, while remaining conducive to tissue regeneration. PCL was chosen, in this case, to provide mechanical integrity and elasticity, while elastin and collagen would provide further elasticity and bioactivity [3,4].

A Three Layered Electrospun Matrix to Mimic Native Arterial Architecture Using Polycaprolactone, Elastin, and Collagen: A Preliminary Study

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. McClure ◽  
Scott A. Sell ◽  
David G. Simpson ◽  
Beat H. Walpoth ◽  
Gary L. Bowlin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elastic Behavior ◽  
Native Artery ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Vessel Rupture

The architecture of the vascular wall is highly intricate and requires unique biomechanical properties in order to function properly. Native artery is composed of a mix of collagens, elastin, endothelial cells (ECs), smooth muscle cells (SMC), fibroblasts, and proteoglycans arranged into three distinct layers: the intima, media, and adventitia. Throughout artery, collagen and elastin play an important role, providing a mechanical backbone, preventing vessel rupture, and promoting recovery while undergoing pulsatile deformations [1]. The low-strain mechanical response of artery to blood flow is dominated by the elastic behavior, of elastin, which prevents pulsatile energy from being dissipated as heat [2]. A higher amount of energy loss indicates a decrease in recoverability, which could lead to eventual disruption of blood flow. An effective way to quantify recoverability is through hysteresis and compliance measurement. The hypothesis of this study was that the fabrication of a multi-layered electrospun tissue engineering scaffold composed of polycaprolactone (PCL), elastin (ELAS), and collagen (COL) would demonstrate dynamic mechanical properties indicative of a highly elastic material, similar to the three distinct layers of native arterial tissue, while remaining conducive to tissue regeneration. PCL was chosen, in this case, to provide mechanical integrity and elasticity, while elastin and collagen would provide further elasticity and bioactivity [3,4].

Optimizing a Three Layered Electrospun Matrix to Mimic Native Arterial Architecture: Cellular and Mechanical Analysis

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. McClure ◽  
Scott A. Sell ◽  
David G. Simpson ◽  
Beat H. Walpoth ◽  
Gary L. Bowlin
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Elastic Behavior ◽  
Cellular Attachment ◽  
Inhibition Experiment

The architecture of the vascular wall is highly intricate and requires unique biomechanical properties in order to function properly. Native artery is composed of a mix of collagen, elastin, endothelial cells (ECs), smooth muscle cells (SMC), fibroblasts, and proteoglycans arranged into three distinct layers: the intima, media, and adventitia. Throughout artery, collagen and elastin play an important role, providing a mechanical backbone, preventing vessel rupture, and promoting recovery while undergoing pulsatile deformations [1]. The low-strain mechanical response of artery to blood flow is dominated by the elastic behavior of elastin which prevents pulsatile energy from being dissipated as heat [2]. Previous work has shown the ability to fabricate multi-layered electrospun scaffolds composed of polycaprolactone (PCL), elastin (ELAS), and collagen (COL), and their associated mechanical advantages. PCL was chosen, in this case, to provide mechanical integrity and elasticity, while elastin and collagen would provide further elasticity and bioactivity [3,4]. However, when the grafts were implanted in the descending aorta of a rat, cellular results were not as desirable as predicted. Therefore, further graft optimization was required. The hypothesis of this study was that blended polymers and biopolymers would be conducive for cellular attachment through specific integrin binding sites. To test this hypothesis, human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells (hUASMC) were seeded on electrospun PCL, COL, and ELAS blends for evaluation in a cell adhesion inhibition experiment.

Scaffolds in tissue engineering of blood vessels

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (9) ◽  
pp. 855-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Pankajakshan ◽  
Devendra K. Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Biological Scaffolds ◽  
Hemodynamic Forces ◽  
Biodegradable Scaffolds

Tissue engineering of small diameter (<5 mm) blood vessels is a promising approach for developing viable alternatives to autologous vascular grafts. It involves in vitro seeding of cells onto a scaffold on which the cells attach, proliferate, and differentiate while secreting the components of extracellular matrix that are required for creating the tissue. The scaffold should provide the initial requisite mechanical strength to withstand in vivo hemodynamic forces until vascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts reinforce the extracellular matrix of the vessel wall. Hence, the choice of scaffold is crucial for providing guidance cues to the cells to behave in the required manner to produce tissues and organs of the desired shape and size. Several types of scaffolds have been used for the reconstruction of blood vessels. They can be broadly classified as biological scaffolds, decellularized matrices, and polymeric biodegradable scaffolds. This review focuses on the different types of scaffolds that have been designed, developed, and tested for tissue engineering of blood vessels, including use of stem cells in vascular tissue engineering.

Elastin-Sprayed Tubular Scaffolds With Microstructures and Nanotextures for Vascular Tissue Engineering

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinah Jang ◽  
Junghyuk Ko ◽  
Dong-Woo Cho ◽  
Martin B. G. Jun ◽  
Deok-Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Vascular Graft ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Vascular Tissue Engineering ◽  
Biophysical Properties ◽  
Fibrous Scaffold ◽  
Cardiovascular Tissue ◽  
Highly Porous

Development of a small-diameter vascular graft (<6 mm) have been challenging due to thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia [1]. To overcome this problem, cardiovascular tissue engineers have attempted to construct a highly porous and biocompatible fibrous scaffold providing a sufficient mechanical strength for the regeneration of a functional tissue [2–5]. Herein, we present a 3D tubular-shaped micro/nanofibrous composite-layered scaffold for vascular tissue engineering. The surface of scaffold has high surface roughness by introducing nanofibrous layer and the biophysical properties have been fulfilled by using microfibrous layer. Moreover, the atomized spraying technique is applied to spray elastin proteins, which is well known as an antithrombogenic material, on the surface of micro/nanofibrous composite-layered scaffold to introduce an appropriate antithrombogenic surface.

scholarly journals Vascular Tissue Engineering: Recent Advances in Small Diameter Blood Vessel Regeneration

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Catto ◽  
Silvia Farè ◽  
Giuliano Freddi ◽  
Maria Cristina Tanzi
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Vascular Grafts ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Vascular Tissue Engineering ◽  
Vessel Regeneration

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality around the globe. The development of a functional and appropriate substitute for small diameter blood vessel replacement is still a challenge to overcome the main drawbacks of autografts and the inadequate performances of synthetic prostheses made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET, Dacron) and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE, Goretex). Therefore, vascular tissue engineering has become a promising approach for small diameter blood vessel regeneration as demonstrated by the increasing interest dedicated to this field. This review is focused on the most relevant and recent studies concerning vascular tissue engineering for small diameter blood vessel applications. Specifically, the present work reviews research on the development of tissue-engineered vascular grafts made of decellularized matrices and natural and/or biodegradable synthetic polymers and their realization without scaffold.

3D Coculture of Human Endothelial Cells and Myofibroblasts for Vascular Tissue Engineering

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf A. A. Pullens ◽  
Maria Stekelenburg ◽  
Carlijn V. C. Bouten ◽  
Frank P. T. Baaijens ◽  
Mark J. Post
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Mechanical Conditioning ◽  
Tissue Properties ◽  
Vein Grafts ◽  
Limited Life

Cardiovascular disease is still the number one cause of death in the industrialized world. Diseased small diameter blood vessels are frequently replaced by native grafts. However, these vessels have a limited life time [1], for example the patency at 10 year after coronary artery bypass grafting of saphenous vein grafts is 57% [2]. Tissue engineering (TE) of small diameter blood vessels seems a promising approach to overcome these shortcomings or address the increasing need for substitutes during follow up surgery. Mechanical conditioning of myofibroblast (MFs) seeded constructs appears to be beneficial for functional tissue properties, such as cell proliferation, ECM production and mechanical strength [3,4]. Without a functional endothelial cell (ECs) layer however, patency may be compromised by thrombogenecity. Construction of an EC layer might on the other hand affect the tissue composition during culture, as was shown for bovine ECs, which influenced proliferation and ECM production of smooth muscle cells [5].

scholarly journals Applying elastic fibre biology in vascular tissue engineering

2007 ◽  
Vol 362 (1484) ◽  
pp. 1293-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cay M Kielty ◽  
Simon Stephan ◽  
Michael J Sherratt ◽  
Matthew Williamson ◽  
C. Adrian Shuttleworth
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Vascular Graft ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Elastic Fibre ◽  
Vascular Tissue Engineering ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Elastic Recoil ◽  
Vessel Structure ◽  
Biomaterial Scaffolds

For the treatment of vascular disease, the major cause of death in Western society, there is an urgent need for tissue-engineered, biocompatible, small calibre artery substitutes that restore biological function. Vascular tissue engineering of such grafts involves the development of compliant synthetic or biomaterial scaffolds that incorporate vascular cells and extracellular matrix. Elastic fibres are major structural elements of arterial walls that can enhance vascular graft design and patency. In blood vessels, they endow vessels with the critical property of elastic recoil. They also influence vascular cell behaviour through direct interactions and by regulating growth factor activation. This review addresses physiological elastic fibre assembly and contributions to vessel structure and function, and how elastic fibre biology is now being exploited in small diameter vascular graft design.

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