Respose of Cultured Nasal Epithelial Cells to Wall Shear Stress

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurit Even-Tzur ◽  
Uri Zaretsky ◽  
Michael Wolf ◽  
David Elad
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Wall Shear Stress ◽  
Mucociliary Clearance ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mucus Layer ◽  
Inhaled Particles ◽  
Clearance Mechanism ◽  
Biophysical Changes

The nasal cavity lining is rich with mucus secreting goblet cells. Nasal defense is based on the mucociliary clearance mechanism, in which the secreted mucus layer traps inhaled particles and is constantly driven towards the nasopharynx for removal of the particles from the body. The mucus layer is also important for the exchange of temperature and water vapor with the inspired air. Airway goblet cells discharge mucus in response to a wide variety of biological stimuli, including cytokines, bacterial products, proteinases, oxidants, irritant gases, and inflammatory mediators [1], as well as biophysical changes, such as osmolarity alterations [2].

scholarly journals Effect Long-Term Exposure to Different Doses of Lipopolysaccharides on the Intestinal Mucosal Immune Barrier

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Li ◽  
Baoyu Zhao ◽  
Chenchen Wu
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Mucus Layer ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
Different Doses

The small intestinal villus is covered with a thick layer of mucus that is secreted by goblet cells and functions primarily to first barrier from damage by toxic substance. Recent studies showed that goblet cells and mucins involved in complex immune function. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is widespread in the housing of livestock, which can induce bacterial infection symptoms and immunological stress within a short of time. Therefore, we aimed to study the effects of long-term exposure to different doses of LPS on intestinal mucus layer and immune barrier. The result showed that mucus layer thickness and goblet cell functions were significantly increased after low doses of LPS. The intestinal mucosal barrier can block the bacteria of the lumen, but LPS can penetrate this barrier into the blood, putting the body in a state of chronic low-grade inflammation and reducing the body’s immune function. However, after long-term exposure to high doses of LPS, a large number of lysosomes in goblet cells caused loss of function, and mucus layer thickness was significantly decreased. A large amount of LPS stuck to the mucus, leading to normal LPS and inflammatory cytokines level of plasma. The intestinal tissue morphology was damaged, and a number of immune cells were necrosis in the intestine. Collectively, long-term exposure to low doses of LPS lead to chronic low-grade inflammation in the body. Long-term exposure to high doses of LPS can be directly linked to the severity of the immunosuppression in the body.

scholarly journals The relationship between intestinal goblet cells and the immune response

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingming Zhang ◽  
Chenchen Wu
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Mucus Layer ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Goblet cells (GCs) are single-cell glands that produce and secrete mucin. Mucin forms a mucus layer, which can separate the materials in cavities from the intestinal epithelium and prevent the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms in various ways. GCs can also participate in the immune response through nonspecific endocytosis and goblet cell-associated antigen passages (GAPs). GCs endocytose soluble substances from the lumen and transmit antigens to the underlying antigen-presenting cells (APCs). A variety of immuno-regulatory factors can promote the differentiation, maturation of GCs, and the secretion of mucin. The mucin secreted by GCs forms a mucus layer, which plays an important role in resisting the invasion of foreign bacteria and intestinal inherent microorganisms, regulating the immune performance of the body. Therefore, the present study mainly reviews the barrier function of the mucus layer, the mucus secreted by goblet cells, the protective effect against pathogenic bacteria, the delivery of luminal substances through GAPs and the relationship between GCs and the immune response.

A Macroscopic Model for Simulating the Mucociliary Clearance in a Bronchial Bifurcation: The Role of Surface Tension

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michail Manolidis ◽  
Daniel Isabey ◽  
Bruno Louis ◽  
James B. Grotberg ◽  
Marcel Filoche
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Unstructured Grid ◽  
Mucociliary Clearance ◽  
Bronchial Tree ◽  
Macroscopic Model ◽  
Finite Volume Scheme ◽  
Moving Wall ◽  
Inhaled Particles ◽  
Clearance Mechanism

The mucociliary clearance in the bronchial tree is the main mechanism by which the lungs clear themselves of deposited particulate matter. In this work, a macroscopic model of the clearance mechanism is proposed. Lubrication theory is applied for thin films with both surface tension effects and a moving wall boundary. The flow field is computed by the use of a finite-volume scheme on an unstructured grid that replicates a bronchial bifurcation. The carina in bronchial bifurcations is of special interest because it is a location of increased deposition of inhaled particles. In this study, the mucus flow is computed for different values of the surface tension. It is found that a minimal surface tension is necessary for efficiently removing the mucus while maintaining the mucus film thickness at physiological levels.

Correction: Development of a Two-Dimensional Wall Shear Stress Sensor for Wind Tunnel Applications

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett Freidkes ◽  
David A. Mills ◽  
Casey Keane ◽  
Lawrence S. Ukeiley ◽  
Mark Sheplak
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Wall Shear Stress ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Stress Sensor ◽  
Shear Stress Sensor ◽  
Wall Shear
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