Fibre Reinforced Composite Pressure Vessel Heads Subject to External Pressure

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Muscat ◽  
Duncan Camilleri ◽  
Brian Ellul
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Design Codes ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Inelastic Analysis ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
Composite Pressure Vessel ◽  
Composite Pressure Vessels

The increase in stiffness to weight ratio and relative ease of manufacturing fibre reinforced composite pressure vessels, have put such vessels at the forefront of technology. However only limited research and specific codes pertaining exclusively to composite pressure vessel design can be found in literature. The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel (BPVC) Section X Code and the European design codes EN 13121-3:2016 (GRP tanks and vessels for use above ground) together with EN 13923:2005 (Filament wound FRP pressure vessels — materials, design, manufacturing and testing) are some of the few known design codes applicable to composite pressure vessels. These codes utilise both design by rule (DBR) and design by analysis (DBA) methods. The authors believe that more studies along the DBA route would benefit the composite pressure vessel design community and make it more accessible to designers and engineers. A similar scenario has already been seen in the last 10 to 15 years for steel pressure vessel design codes when DBA based on inelastic analysis was introduced. In line with these thoughts, this study compares the different design methods to prevent buckling and applies finite element analysis (FEA) to analyse a hemispherical GFRP pressure vessel head subjected to external pressure. The effect of material damage and geometrical imperfections on the final collapse failure is examined and discussed.

scholarly journals In-Situ Monitoring of a Filament Wound Pressure Vessel by the MWCNT Sensor under Hydraulic Fatigue Cycling and Pressurization

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biao Xiao ◽  
Bin Yang ◽  
Fu-Zhen Xuan ◽  
Yun Wan ◽  
Chaojie Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Measured Signal ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Fatigue Cycling ◽  
Filament Wound ◽  
Composite Pressure Vessel ◽  
Composite Pressure Vessels

As a result of the high specific strength/stiffness to mass ratio, filament wound composite pressure vessels are extensively used to contain gas or fluid under pressure. The ability to in-situ monitor the composite pressure vessels for possible damage is important for high-pressure medium storage industries. This paper describes an in-situ monitoring method to permanently monitor composite pressure vessels for their structural integrity. The sensor is made of a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) that can be embedded in the composite skin of the pressure vessels. The sensing ability of the sensor is firstly evaluated in various mechanical tests, and in-situ monitoring experiments of a full-scale composite pressure vessel during hydraulic fatigue cycling and pressurization are performed. The monitoring results of the MWCNT sensor are compared with the strains measured by the strain gauges. The results show that the measured signal by the developed sensor matches the mechanical behavior of the composite laminates under various load conditions. In the hydraulic fatigue test, the relationship between the resistance and the strain is built, and could be used to quantitative monitor the filament wound pressure vessel. The bursting of the pressure vessel can be detected by the sharp increase of the MWCNT sensor resistance. Embedding the MWCNT sensor into the composite pressure vessel is successfully demonstrated as a promising method for structural health monitoring.

Design and Analysis Techniques for Filament-Wound Composite Pressure Vessel Domes

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Howard ◽  
G. E. O. Widera
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Filament Winding ◽  
New Markets ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Filament Wound ◽  
Composite Pressure Vessel ◽  
Filament Wound Composite ◽  
Wound Composite ◽  
Composite Pressure Vessels

Abstract The use of filament-wound composite pressure vessels has expanded into many new markets in recent years, creating the need for better design and analysis techniques, particularly for the end domes. In this paper, design and analysis techniques are developed for elliptical-conical dome profiles with planar filament winding patterns. The effects of wide winding bandwidth are included by dividing the band into sub-bands and considering any point on the dome contour to be a laminate made up of the sub-bands. The slippage tendency of the band at its edges is also calculated.

Life Prediction of Composite Pressure Vessels Using Multi-Scale Approach

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Kyu Ha ◽  
Stephen W. Tsai ◽  
Seong Jong Kim ◽  
Khazar Hayat ◽  
Kyo Kook Jin
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Stress Analysis ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Life Prediction ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Helical Angle ◽  
Composite Pressure Vessel ◽  
Composite Pressure Vessels

A multi-scale fatigue life prediction methodology of composite pressure vessels subjected to multi-axial loading has been proposed in this paper. The multi-scale approach starts from the constituents, fiber, matrix and interface, leading to predict behavior of ply, laminates and eventually the composite structures. The life prediction methodology is composed of two steps: macro stress analysis and micro mechanics of failure based on fatigue analysis. In the macro stress analysis, multiaxial fatigue loading acting at laminate is determined from finite element analysis (FEM) of composite pressure vessel, and ply stresses are computed using a classical laminate theory (CLT). The micro-scale stresses are calculated in each constituent (i.e. matrix, interface, and fiber) from ply stresses using a micromechanical model. Micromechanics of failure (MMF) was originally developed to predict the strength of composites and now extended to prediction of fatigue life. Two methods are employed in predicting fatigue life of each constituent, i.e. an equivalent stress method for multi-axially loaded matrix, and a critical plane method for the interface. A modified Goodman diagram is used to take into account the generic mean stresses. Damages from each loading cycle are accumulated using Miner’s rule. Each fiber is assumed to follow a probabilistic failure depending on the length. Using the overall micro and macro models established in this study, Monte Carlo simulation has been performed to predict the overall fatigue life of a composite pressure vessel considering statistical distribution of material properties of each constituent and manufacturing winding helical angle.

Design by Analysis of GFRP/CFRP Composite Pressure Vessels

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Muscat ◽  
Duncan Camilleri ◽  
Brian Ellul
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Damage Mechanics ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Damage Mechanisms ◽  
Modes Of Failure ◽  
Composite Pressure Vessel ◽  
Mode Of Failure ◽  
Composite Pressure Vessels

The ASME Boiler and pressure vessel code Section VIII Division 2 and the European unfired pressure vessel code EN13445 Part 3 Design by Analysis parts dealing primarily with steel pressure vessels have been around for the last ten to fifteen years. The culmination of work on pressure vessel design by analysis address failure modes directly and are very efficient in order to guarantee that the designed and fabricated steel pressure vessels are fit for their purpose. The ASME Boiler and pressure vessel code Section X and the European codes BS EN13923 and BS EN13121 are some of the existing codes that cover design methods for composite pressure vessels. In these codes various failure criteria and damage mechanics models are possible but as such no comprehensive and robust design by analysis methods have been effectively established to encapsulate all composite pressure vessel failure modes. For instance the design of fibre-reinforced composite pressure vessels is still heavily reliant on experimental testing and prototype verification as opposed to the well-established design by analysis methods applicable to steel pressure vessels. Nonetheless a number of damage mechanics models ranging from mesoscale to microscale models have been established in other research work done on composite materials. This paper reviews the different composite pressure vessel design methods identified in the codes and standards and assesses damage mechanisms that can be used within a design by analysis context to design against possible modes of failure such as the limit load mode of failure, the progressive deformation mode of failure, the fatigue mode of failure and the buckling mode of failure. Damage mechanisms can also be used to develop criteria that allow a stress analyst deduce whether the material has failed, how it has failed and whether it has lost its capability to carry the load actions applied to it. The paper also highlights requirements for design methods based on the finite element method, and the necessary experimental validation required for different damage mechanisms leading to the different modes of failure.

scholarly journals Numerical Analysis of Filament Wound Cylindrical Composite Pressure Vessels Accounting for Variable Dome Contour

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Kumar C. Jois ◽  
Marcus Welsh ◽  
Thomas Gries ◽  
Johannes Sackmann
Keyword(s):  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Filament Wound ◽  
Cylindrical Pressure Vessel ◽  
Composite Pressure Vessel ◽  
Polymer Liner ◽  
Specific Distance ◽  
Composite Pressure Vessels

In this work, the stress distribution along cylindrical composite pressure vessels with different dome geometries is investigated. The dome contours are generated through an integral method based on shell stresses. Here, the influence of each dome contour on the stress distribution at the interface of the dome-cylinder is evaluated. At first, the integral formulation for dome curve generation is presented and solved for the different dome contours. An analytical approach for the calculation of the secondary stresses in a cylindrical pressure vessel is introduced. For the analysis, three different cases were investigated: (i) a polymer liner; (ii) a single layer of carbon-epoxy composite wrapped on a polymer liner; and (iii) multilayer carbon-epoxy pressure vessel. Accounting for nonlinear geometry is seen to have an effect on the stress distribution on the pressure vessel, also on the isotropic liner. Significant secondary stresses were observed at the dome-cylinder interface and they reach a maximum at a specific distance from the interface. A discussion on the trend in these stresses is presented. The numerical results are compared with the experimental results of the multilayer pressure vessel. It is observed that the secondary stresses present in the vicinity of the dome-cylinder interface has a significant effect on the failure mechanism, especially for thick walled cylindrical composite pressure vessel. It is critical that these secondary stresses are directly accounted for in the initial design phase.

A Study on Fatigue Life Evaluation of Pressure Vessel Made of ASME SA240-316L Material Using Numerical Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 893 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eui Soo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Life Prediction ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Internal Damage ◽  
Life Evaluation ◽  
Fatigue Life Evaluation

Pressure vessels are subjected to repeated loads during use and charging, which can causefine physical damage even in the elastic region. If the load is repeated under stress conditions belowthe yield strength, internal damage accumulates. Fatigue life evaluation of the structure of thepressure vessel using finite element analysis (FEA) is used to evaluate the life cycle of the structuraldesign based on finite element method (FEM) technology. This technique is more advanced thanfatigue life prediction that uses relational equations. This study describes fatigue analysis to predictthe fatigue life of a pressure vessel using stress data obtained from FEA. The life prediction results areuseful for improving the component design at a very early development stage. The fatigue life of thepressure vessel is calculated for each node on the model, and cumulative damage theory is used tocalculate the fatigue life. Then, the fatigue life is calculated from this information using the FEanalysis software ADINA and the fatigue life calculation program WINLIFE.

Analytical and Numerical Studies of a Thick Anisotropic Multilayered Fiber-Reinforced Composite Pressure Vessel

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaiah Ramos ◽  
Young Ho Park ◽  
Jordan Ulibarri-Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Closed Form Solution ◽  
Form Solution ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Analytical Results ◽  
Composite Pressure Vessel

In this paper, we developed an exact analytical 3D elasticity solution to investigate mechanical behavior of a thick multilayered anisotropic fiber-reinforced pressure vessel subjected to multiple mechanical loadings. This closed-form solution was implemented in a computer program, and analytical results were compared to finite element analysis (FEA) calculations. In order to predict through-thickness stresses accurately, three-dimensional finite element meshes were used in the FEA since shell meshes can only be used to predict in-plane strength. Three-dimensional FEA results are in excellent agreement with the analytical results. Finally, using the proposed analytical approach, we evaluated structural damage and failure conditions of the composite pressure vessel using the Tsai–Wu failure criteria and predicted a maximum burst pressure.

Analysis of Half-Pipe Heating Channels on Pressure Vessel Shells

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-529
Author(s):  
A. E. Blach
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Asme Code

Half-pipe heating channels are used on the outside of pressure vessels such as agitators, mixers, reactors, etc., to avoid the high external pressure associated with heating jackets. No applicable method of analysis is contained in the ASME Code and proof tests are normally required for registration with governing authorities. An analytical method is presented which permits the evaluation of stresses in shell and half pipe; numerical examples are included.

Finite Element Analysis of Local Inelastic Strain Based on Stress Redistribution Locus

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunji Kataoka ◽  
Takuya Sato
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Thermal Loading ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Stress Redistribution ◽  
Strain Diagram ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Inelastic Analysis

Creep-fatigue damage is one of the dominant failure modes for pressure vessels and piping used at elevated temperatures. In the design of these components the inelastic behavior should be estimated accurately. An inelastic finite element analysis is sometimes employed to predict the creep behavior. However, this analysis needs complicated procedures and many data that depend on the material. Therefore the design is often based on a simplified inelastic analysis based on the elastic analysis result, as described in current design codes. A new, simplified method, named, Stress Redistribution Locus (SRL) method, was proposed in order to simplify the analysis procedure and obtain reasonable results. This method utilizes a unique estimation curve in a normalized stress-strain diagram which can be drawn regardless of the magnitude of thermal loading and constitutive equations of the materials. However, the mechanism of SRL has not been fully investigated. This paper presents results of the parametric inelastic finite element analyses performed in order to investigate the mechanism of SRL around a structural discontinuity, like a shell-skirt intersection, subjected to combined secondary bending stress and peak stress. This investigation showed that SRL comprises a redistribution of the peak and secondary stress components and that although these two components exhibit independent redistribution behavior, they are related to each other.

Flaw Testing of Fiber Reinforced Composite Pressure Vessels

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Makinson ◽  
Norman L. Newhouse
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Project Team ◽  
Burst Pressure ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Pressure Cycling ◽  
Structural Composite ◽  
Design Pressure ◽  
Composite Pressure Vessels

The ASME Boiler Pressure Vessel Project Team on Hydrogen Tanks, in conjunction with other ASME Codes and Standards groups, is developing Code Cases and revisions to the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, including such to address the design of composite pressure vessels. The Project Team had an interest in further understanding the effect of cuts to the surface of composite tanks, and how the burst pressure would be affected during the lifetime of the pressure vessel. A test program was initiated to provide data on initial burst pressure, and burst pressure after pressure cycling, of composite cylinders with cuts of different depth. This test program was conducted by Lincoln Composites under contract to ASME Standards Technology LLC, and was funded by National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) [1]. These results were considered during the development and approval of the ASME Code Cases and Code Rules. Thirteen pressure vessels with a design pressure of 24.8 MPa (3600 psi), approximately 0.406 m (16.0 in.) in diameter and 1.02 m (40.2 in.) long, were tested to investigate the effects of cuts to the structural laminate of a composite overwrapped pressure vessel with respect to cycling and burst pressure. Two flaws, one longitudinal and one circumferential, were machined into the structural composite. The flaws were 57 mm long by 1 mm wide (2.25 in. × 0.04 in.) and varied in depth from 10% to 40% of the structural composite thickness of 11.4 mm (0.45 in.). These pressure vessels were cycled to design pressure 0, 10,000, and 20,000 times then burst. The resulting burst pressures were evaluated against the performance of a pressure vessel without flaws or cycling. The burst pressures were affected by depth of cut, but the pressure cycling did not have a significant effect on the burst pressure.

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