Validation of a Concept for Burst Pressure Prediction by Damage Mechanics

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Brinnel ◽  
Simon Schaffrath ◽  
Sebastian Münstermann ◽  
Markus Feldmann
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Failure Criterion ◽  
Damage Mechanics ◽  
Ductile Failure ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Burst Pressure ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Failure Behavior ◽  
Safety Factors

In ASME and EN pressure vessel standards the stress-based dimensioning is currently performed by either applying experience-based safety factors directly on the material’s yield or tensile strength (EN) or incorporating them in the allowable stress derivation (ASME). The current concept is penalizing modern high strength pressure vessel steels due to their yield-to-tensile ratio. The application of these steel grades is hindered despite their excellent mechanical properties. Possible benefits cannot be exploited. Probabilistic safety concepts are a suitable approach to derive adequate safety factors for high strength steels. But their application requires a large number of expensive full scale burst tests. Therefore, it is proposed to replace these by numerical simulations using damage mechanics. This paper aims at validating such a concept for the numerical prediction of burst pressures. The presented procedure uses a Gurson model to represent ductile failure behavior on the specimen scale and correlates it to an efficient strain-based failure criterion, which is more suitable for simulations on full component scale. The validation is performed on a demonstrator pressure vessel of the high strength steel P690Q. The strain-based failure criterion is derived on small scale tests and applied in simulations of the pressure vessel. The numerically predicted burst pressure only exceeds the actual burst pressure by 6% and the critical locations are correctly predicted. The approach is validated successfully. Suggestions for further improvements are made.

Applying Gurson Type of Damage Models to Low Constraint Tests of High Strength Steels and Welds

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Liu ◽  
Yong-Yi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Damage Mechanics ◽  
Ductile Failure ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Crack Tip Opening Displacement ◽  
Opening Displacement ◽  
Critical Crack ◽  
Gtn Model ◽  
Strain Capacity ◽  
Low Constraint

Pipelines experiencing displacement-controlled loading need to have adequate strain capacity. Large tensile strain capacity can only be achieved when the failure processes are ductile. In ductile failure analyses, the strain capacity may be determined by two approaches. The first approach uses the conventional fracture mechanics criteria, such as the attainment of the critical crack tip opening displacement, to assess the onset of the crack propagation. The other approach uses damage mechanics models in which the onset and propagation of cracks are controlled by the nucleation, growth, and coalescence of voids in the material. The damage mechanics models can provide some insights of the ductile failure processes as they have more physical mechanisms built in the constitutive model. In this paper, the Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman (GTN) model is applied to two types of low-constraint tests: curved wide plates and back-bend specimens. The wide plate test is considered more representatives of full-scale pipes than the conventional laboratory-sized specimens, but requires large-capacity machines. The back-bend test is a newly developed low-constraint laboratory-sized test specimen. A relatively simple approach to determine the damage parameters of the GTN model is discussed and the transferability of damage parameters between those two test types is also analyzed.

Fatigue and Burst Analysis of Hy-140(T) Steel Pressure Vessels

1970 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Barsom ◽  
S. T. Rolfe
Keyword(s):  
Yield Strength ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Low Cycle Fatigue ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Burst Analysis

Increasing use of high-strength steels in pressure-vessel design has resulted from emphasis on decreasing the weight of pressure vessels for certain applications. To demonstrate the suitability of a 140-ksi yield strength steel for use in unwelded pressure vessels, HY-140(T)—a quenched and tempered 5Ni-Cr-Mo-V steel—was fabricated and subjected to various burst and fatigue tests, as well as to various laboratory tests. In general, results of the investigation indicated very good tensile, Charpy, Nil Ductility Transition Temperature (NDT), low-cycle fatigue, and stress-corrosion properties of HY-140(T) steels, as well as very good burst tests results, in comparison with existing high-yield strength pressure-vessel steels. The results also indicate that the HY-140(T) steel should be an excellent material for its originally designed purpose, Naval hull applications.

Failure Strain Criterion Accounting for the Effect of Material Strength

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Baghous ◽  
I. Barsoum
Keyword(s):  
Stress State ◽  
Ultimate Strength ◽  
Failure Criterion ◽  
Stress Triaxiality ◽  
Ductile Failure ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
Local Failure ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Lode Parameter ◽  
Steel Grades

Abstract The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of the Lode parameter on different material strengths. Recent work has shown that ductile failure highly depends on the stress state characterized by both the stress triaxiality T and the Lode parameter L, which is related to the third deviatoric stress invariant. Thus, for six different steel grades, two different specimen geometries were manufactured to account for two different Lode parameters (L = −1 and L = 0), whereas T is controlled by introducing different sized notches at the center of the specimens. By performing tensile experiments and running finite element simulations, the ductile failure loci of the six materials showed variations between the two specimen geometries, indicating that the failure highly depends on the stress state characterized by both T and L. This indicates the need to reassess the ductile local failure criterion in the ASME codes that only accounts for T as a stress state measure. A Lode sensitivity parameter LS is defined based on the experimental results and revealed that the steel grades with ultimate strength higher than a certain threshold value (450 MPa) exhibit sensitivity to the Lode parameter, and the results showed that the LS increases with increase in the ultimate strength of the steel grade. The results were incorporated to enhance the original ASME local failure criterion by accounting for T, L, and LS to accurately assess ductile failure in high-strength steels.

Use of Duplex Stainless Steel in Economic Design of a Pressure Vessel

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Veljkovic ◽  
Jonas Gozzi
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Economic Design ◽  
European Standard

Pressure vessels have been used for a long time in various applications in oil, chemical, nuclear, and power industries. Although high-strength steels have been available in the last three decades, there are still some provisions in design codes that preclude a full exploitation of its properties. This was recognized by the European Equipment Industry and an initiative to improve economy and safe use of high-strength steels in the pressure vessel design was expressed in the evaluation report (Szusdziara, S., and McAllista, S., EPERC Report No. (97)005, Nov. 11, 1997). Duplex stainless steel (DSS) has a mixed structure which consists of ferrite and austenite stainless steels, with austenite between 40% and 60%. The current version of the European standard for unfired pressure vessels EN 13445:2002 contains an innovative design procedure based on Finite Element Analysis (FEA), called Design by Analysis-Direct Route (DBA-DR). According to EN 13445:2002 duplex stainless steels should be designed as a ferritic stainless steels. Such statement seems to penalize the DSS grades for the use in unfired pressure vessels (Bocquet, P., and Hukelmann, F., 2001, EPERC Bulletin, No. 5). The aim of this paper is to present an investigation performed by Luleå University of Technology within the ECOPRESS project (2000-2003) (http://www.ecopress.org), indicating possibilities towards economic design of pressure vessels made of the EN 1.4462, designation according to the European standard EN 10088-1 Stainless steels. The results show that FEA with von Mises yield criterion and isotropic hardening describe the material behaviour with a good agreement compared to tests and that 5% principal strain limit is too low and 12% is more appropriate.

scholarly journals Plasticity and failure behavior modeling of high-strength steels under various strain rates and temperatures: microstructure to components

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 1421-1426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhe Lian ◽  
Wenqi Liu ◽  
Ioanna Papadioti ◽  
Ilias Bellas ◽  
Sarath Chandran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Behavior Modeling ◽  
Failure Behavior ◽  
Strain Rates

Numerical Prediction of Failure within Small Curvature Bending of Advanced High Strength Steels

2015 ◽  
Vol 639 ◽  
pp. 419-426
Author(s):  
Ioannis Tsoupis ◽  
Marion Merklein
Keyword(s):  
Crack Initiation ◽  
Damage Mechanics ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Damage Model ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Continuum Damage Mechanics ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Damage Parameter ◽  
Small Curvature

Within this paper a numerical study of the Continuum Damage Mechanics based damage model Lemaitre in commercial software LS-DYNA is performed in order to correctly predict failure in terms of crack occurrence within small curvature bending of AHSS steels. A strain based calibration method is used for the effective adaption of the Lemaitre model to the bending operation, which is based on the comparison and adaption of the numerically calculated and the experimentally measured deformation field on the outer surface of the bent specimen. Within this method the material dependent damage parameter S is systematically varied in the simulation in order to represent maximum major strain. The new method is proved by numerical simulation of experiments provoking crack initiation using smaller bending radii. It can be shown that failure in terms of crack initiation can be correctly predicted by the model with the damage parameters, which were determined by the method of strain based calibration and an additional optimisation of the parameter Dc. Thus, within this study a user friendly and effective way for the application of Lemaitre damage model to small curvature bending processes of AHSS steels is developed.

Investigating the fatigue behaviour of small scale and real size HFMI-treated components of high strength steels

2021 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 105300
Author(s):  
Stefanos Gkatzogiannis ◽  
Jan Schubnell ◽  
Peter Knoedel ◽  
Majid Farajian ◽  
Thomas Ummenhofer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Fatigue Behaviour ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Real Size

Development of Design Criteria for a High Pressure Vessel Construction Code

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Mraz
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Shrink Fitting ◽  
Section Viii ◽  
Pressure Stress ◽  
Selection Of

Out of concern for public safety, most legal jurisdictions now require unfired pressure vessel construction to comply with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. Because the present two divisions of Section VIII of that Code are not well suited for high pressure design, a new division is needed [1]. The currently anticipated main design criteria of the proposed division are full plastic flow or full overstrain pressure, stress intensity in the bore, fatigue, and fracture mechanics. The rules are expected to allow better utilization of high strength steels already included in the present Section VIII. At the same time materials of even higher strength are introduced. The benefits of compressive prestress are recognized. Construction methods allowing it’s achievement, such as autofrettage, shrink fitting and wire winding are included. Reasons for selection of the criteria are given.

Rosenhain Centenary Conference - 2. Design implications for materials selection 2.8 Weldability and toughness specifications for structural steels in Japan — with special reference to WES-155 and -156

1976 ◽  
Vol 282 (1307) ◽  
pp. 247-258 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Structural Steels ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Carbon Equivalent ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Materials Selection ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
Standard Steel

During the last decade, the specifications, WES-135 and -136 played important guiding roles for developing and standardizing weldable high strength steels and structural steels for low temperature applications. In WES-135 which was established in September 1970, equivalent carbon content, C eq is adopted as an indication of the weld cracking susceptibility for high strength steels In order to accurately estimate the cracking susceptibility, a new parameter, P cm , is adopted as an indication of the carbon equivalent since March 1971. On the other hand, the toughness requirements specified in WES-136 are based on the correlation between small-scale tests and large-scale brittle crack propagation arrest tests as expressed in terms of K c -value. In this standard, steel plates are classi e into two classes of G and A, where G is generally accepted for welded structures where hazard of brittle fracture is anticipated and A is used for arresting a propagating crack. In order to establish revised toughness requirements for G class steels, comprehensive cooperative research works have been conducted since 1971. In this paper, the descriptions are focused on the weldability and toughness requirements of WES-135 and -136, their connexions with other standards, and the points under continuous examination.

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