Dynamic Impact Analysis of a Type A Fissile Package Consisting of Thin Gage Mild Carbon Steel Components Arranged for High Energy Absorption

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsu-te Wu ◽  
Daniel Leduc
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Type A ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Dynamic Impact ◽  
Package Design ◽  
Mild Carbon Steel ◽  
Enriched Uranium ◽  
High Energy Absorption ◽  
The Impact

The Savannah River Site (SRS) has a need to transport Highly Enriched Uranium (HEU) within site boundaries. A Type A fissile package design similar to the General Electric (GE) RA-3 and the Westinghouse PATRIOT packages has been selected for these shipments. This package design involves the use of light gage steel shapes, oriented to absorb energy from deformation and friction bearing contact surfaces, in between a thin gage mild carbon steel inner and outer shell. The RA-3 and the PATRIOT2 were both qualified by testing rather than analysis. To validate the SRS specific design, an advanced ABAQUS model of the package has been created to subject the package to dynamic impact analyses. The model was created to demonstrate the level of protection of the fuel assemblies and evaluate the impact absorbing capabilities of the package design concept.

Impact Response of Circular Tube with Concentric Plunger

2013 ◽  
Vol 275-277 ◽  
pp. 792-798
Author(s):  
Amir Radzi Ab Ghani ◽  
Hafizi Lukman ◽  
Hafizan Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Circular Tube ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Impact Response ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
High Energy Absorption ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Initial Peak

Thin-walled tubes are generally used as impact energy absorber in various application due to their ease of fabrication and installation, high energy absorption capacity and long stroke. However, the main drawback of plain tube is the high initial peak force. A concentric plunger in the form of tapered block is proposed to overcome this shortcoming while at the same time, improving the impact performance. Static and dynamic axial crushing were performed to determine the initial peak force (IPF), crush force efficiency (CFE) and specific energy absorption (SEA) for the concentric plunger with various taper angles. It was found that the concentric plunger affected the tube impact response. Comparison with plain circular tube was carried out and it was found that the concentric plunger improved the impact response of the tube especially in term of initial peak force.

scholarly journals Pharmacoeconomic feasibility of using Mirabegron in patients with overactive bladder

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
I. N. Dyakov ◽  
G. R. Kasyan
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Overactive Bladder ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Pharmacoeconomic Analysis ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽  
Type A ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type ◽  
Published Data ◽  
The Impact

Objective: to assess the clinical and economic efficiency and impact on the budget when using the drug Mirabegron in the treatment of an overactive bladder. Materials and methods. Study design — retrospective analysis of published data. Pharmacoeconomic analysis methods — cost analysis, clinical and economic analysis, budget impact analysis. Results. Despite the fact that the drug Mirabegron for the treatment of overactive bladder is less effective in comparison with the use of the botulinum toxin type A-hemagglutinin complex drug, the clinical and economic analysis showed that within the horizon of 12 months the use of the drug Mirabegron will require 66.8 % less costs. Analysis of the impact on the budget showed that when using the drug Mirabegron from the first year in 100 % of patients, the decrease in the burden on the budget will be 66.8 %. Gradual provision of Mirabegron to patients over 3 years instead of Botulinum toxin type A-hemagglutinin complex will reduce the burden on the budget by 44.4 % in 3 years. Sensitivity analysis showed that the results obtained are resistant to changes in prices for compared drugs and a decrease in the volume of therapy with botulinum toxin type A-hemagglutinin complex. Conclusion. The use of the drug Mirabegron in the treatment of patients with an overactive bladder is pharmacoeconomically justified. The inclusion of Mirabegron in the lists of medicines, the costs of which are subject to state reimbursement, is advisable.

Containment and Arrest of Blade Shedding in Gas Turbine Engines Using Novel Dual-Ring Design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prayers Roy ◽  
Shaker A. Meguid
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Single Ring ◽  
High Energy Absorption ◽  
Interfacial Gap ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dual Ring

Abstract In this paper, we examine the energy absorption and containment capabilities of a newly proposed dual-ring design accounting for interactions between a released blade and fully bladed fan disk using 3D finite element analysis. The components of this dual-ring design are strategically selected to ensure high energy absorption and high impact resistance, thus leading to reduced damage of the disk and increased safety. Three containment ring designs are examined: (i) conventional single-ring design composed of one of titanium, aluminum or Kevlar, (ii) a newly proposed aluminium-Kevlar dual-ring arrangement, and (iii) dual-ring arrangement with an interfacial gap between them to arrest and contain the released blade and ensure free passage of the trailing blades. The results of our numerical simulations indicate that although the single-ring design resists penetration and contains the released blade within the confines of the disk, it does not remove the released blade from the path of the trailing blades leading to severe damage to the fan disk. On the contrary, our new dual-ring design, which contains an interfacial gap, has potential to successfully arrest the released blade within the confines of the ring and out of the path of the trailing blades. This design significantly can reduce the impact damage to the fan disk and reduces kinetic energy of the released blade to near zero in less than half a rotation of the fan disk.

Effect of Parameter Optimization of Contact Force Models on the Impact Dynamic Responses

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Lankarani ◽  
F. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Contact Force ◽  
Multibody System ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Particle Model ◽  
Force Model ◽  
High Energy Absorption ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Reducing the severity of an impact to a structure or a multibody system is a significant aspect of engineering design. This requires the knowledge of variations of the resulting contact forces and also how these contact forces can be reduced. This paper presents an optimization methodology for the selection of proper parameters in the contact/impact force models so as to minimize the maximum value of the contact force. A two-particle model of an impact between two solids is considered, and then generalized to the impact analysis between two bodies of a multibody system. The concept of effective mass is presented in order to compensate for the effect of joint forces or impulses. The system is reduced to a single degree-of-freedom mass-spring-damper vibro-impact system. A single differential equation of motion in the direction of relative indentation of local contact surfaces is derived. Different contact force models of hysteresis form including linear and nonlinear models are described. An optimization problem is then formulated and solved by using the method of modified feasible direction for constrained minimization. A numerical integrator is used at every design iteration to obtain the system dynamic response for a given set of design variables. The objective function is to minimize the peak acceleration of the system equivalent mass resulting from the contact force. Comparison of the system with optimal parameters and non-optimal one shows that the peak contact force is greatly reduced for the optimal one. Since these parameters reflect the material properties (stiffness and damping) of the impacting bodies or surfaces, suitable materials may then be selected based upon the information provided by this optimization procedure. It is observed that the materials, which have good crashworthiness properties should posses capability of dissipating impact energy both in the forms of permanent indentation and internal damping friction. Based upon the analysis of the impact responses, mechanism of energy dissipation, and the typical force-indentation diagram for the high energy absorption materials obtained from experiments, a new contact force model is proposed which could precisely describe the impact response of high energy-absorption materials.

scholarly journals Normalization of the extragalactic background light from high-energy γ-ray observations

2019 ◽  
Vol 627 ◽  
pp. A110
Author(s):  
B. Biasuzzi ◽  
O. Hervet ◽  
D. A. Williams ◽  
J. Biteau
Keyword(s):  
Galaxy Formation ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Diffuse Radiation ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Extragalactic Background Light ◽  
Background Light ◽  
Spectrum Radio ◽  
High Energy Absorption ◽  
The Impact

Extragalactic background light (EBL) plays an important role in cosmology since it traces the history of galaxy formation and evolution. Such diffuse radiation from near-UV to far-infrared wavelengths can interact with γ-rays from distant sources such as active galactic nuclei (AGNs), and is responsible for the high-energy absorption observed in their spectra. However, probing the EBL from γ-ray spectra of AGNs is not trivial due to internal processes that can mimic its effect. Such processes are usually taken into account in terms of curvature of the intrinsic spectrum. Hence, an improper choice of parametrization for the latter can seriously affect EBL reconstruction. In this paper, we propose a statistical approach that avoids a priori assumptions on the intrinsic spectral curvature and that, for each source, selects the best-fit model on a solid statistical basis. By combining the Fermi-LAT observations of 490 blazars, we determine the γ-ray-inferred level of EBL for various state-of-the-art EBL models. We discuss the EBL level obtained from the spectra of both BL Lacs and flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQ) in order to investigate the impact of internal absorption in different classes of objects. We further scrutinize constraints on the EBL evolution from γ-ray observations by reconstructing the EBL level in four redshift ranges, up to z ∼ 2.5. The approach implemented in this paper, carefully addressing the question of the modeling of the intrinsic emission at the source, can serve as a solid stepping stone for studies of hundreds of high-quality spectra acquired by next-generation γ-ray instruments.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Banana Trunk as Protection Wall from High Velocity Shrapnel During Detonation of Unexploded Ordnance (UXO)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2129 (1) ◽  
pp. 012006
Author(s):  
Abdul Rashid Othman ◽  
Ahmad Humaizi Hilmi ◽  
Asna Rasyidah Abdul Hamid ◽  
Wong Xian Jun
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Unexploded Ordnance ◽  
Energy Impact ◽  
Improvise Explosive Device ◽  
Banana Fibre ◽  
Velocity Of Detonation ◽  
Stereo Microscope ◽  
Explosive Remnants Of War ◽  
High Energy Absorption ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper is to investigate banana trunk fibre to be constructed alternatively for the sand bag and high energy absorption. The aim of this study also for enhancing method of absorption velocity shrapnel during detonated of Unexploded Ordnance (UXO), Explosive Remnants of War (ERW) and Improvise Explosive Device (IED). The study involved blast test which is providing high energy impact based on the amount of explosive used. Type of explosive were used are Emulex 180 with velocity of detonation 4500m/s to 5700m/s, Explosive energy 4.17 MJ/kg, density 1.13g/cc to 1.21g/cc and initiation were used are No. 8 Detonator. The structure of specimen is analysed using Stereo Microscope Image Analyser (35x zoom) which is an optical instrument that can observe the structure of the fragments (banana fibre) after blast test. Results shows that banana trunk can become a protection wall as it can absorb the impact of blast from explosion.

scholarly journals Passive Safety of a Buggy-Type Car in the Aspect of a Dynamic Analysis of the Frame

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patryk Różyło
Keyword(s):  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Rigid Wall ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Passive Safety ◽  
Dynamic Impact ◽  
Fem Model ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Impact Simulation ◽  
Critical Areas ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This article presents passive safety issues of a buggy-type car. The issue has been presented in the context of the dynamic impact analysis of the aluminium frame of the vehicle into a rigid wall. The study was conducted using the finite element method in the Abaqus® software. With regard to numerical calculations, a dynamic impact simulation was performed, which defined the critical areas of the structure. Numerical analysis allowed to obtain both the state of the strain of the frame structure and the characteristics of the construction work during the impact. The results of the research provide high-quality prepared FEM model.

Novel Design of Impact Attenuator for an 'Eco Challenge' Car

2012 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 237-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Radzi Ab Ghani ◽  
Ramlan Kasiran ◽  
Mohd Shahriman Adenan ◽  
Mohd Haniff Mat ◽  
Rizal Effendy Mohd Nasir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Flat Plates ◽  
Final Design ◽  
High Energy Absorption ◽  
Energy Absorbing ◽  
Long Stroke ◽  
The Impact

Thin-walled metallic tubular structures are generally used as impact energy absorber in automotive structures due to their ease of fabrication and installation, high energy absorption capacity and long stroke. However, unlike a normal passenger car where the impact energy can be distributed throughout the whole structure, the impact energy absorbing system of an Eco-Challenge car is confined within a limited space on the front bulkhead. The challenge is to develop an impact attenuator system that can effectively absorb the impact energy within the given space and fulfil the specified rate of deceleration. This new design utilized the standard Aluminium 6063 circular tubes, cut and welded into specific configurations i.e. stacked toroidal tubes with central axial tube sandwiched between two flat plates. Two configurations were investigated; circular and square toroids. Explicit non-linear FEA software was used to determine the impact response i.e. energy absorption, impact force and rate of deceleration. Both configurations showed promising results but the configuration that can be readily fabricated was chosen as the final design.

Numerical Analysis on Impact Behavior of Composite Sandwich Plates as Energy Harvesting Structures

2011 ◽  
Vol 110-116 ◽  
pp. 1296-1304
Author(s):  
Sameera Khalili ◽  
Seyyed Mohammad Reza Khalili ◽  
M. Amidpour
Keyword(s):  
Internal Energy ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Impact Behavior ◽  
Absorbed Energy ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Composite Sandwich ◽  
Absorbing Materials ◽  
Energy Absorbing ◽  
The Impact

There are two approaches to design high energy absorbing materials and structures: one is to optimize the structures by using ordinary materials. The other is to design new energy absorbing materials. The efficiency of energy absorbing structures is continuously improved by developing various types of structural geometries and selecting appropriate energy absorbing materials like polymeric foams or metallic foams. Because of composite materials which are used in these kinds of structures, too many useful properties are achieved, for example, light weight, high energy absorption, high stiffness, fracture toughness. In this study, different composite sandwich structures are modeled by ABAQUS FE software. The model is validated by the results in existed literature. Different materials as core and as face sheets in the composite sandwich structure are investigated. Internal energy and displacement of the structure during the impact analysis in low velocity are calculated. By changing variables and parameters such as dimensions of the structure, different properties and sequences of the layers in the face sheets and different core materials, the optimum state of the structure for gaining the highest internal energy is determined. By increasing the size of the structure and using the stiffer fibers, the absorbed energy is increased. The effect of stiffer core in increasing absorbed energy is more significant. The layer sequencing does not affect any changes in the absorbed energy.

scholarly journals Wind-embedded shocks in FASTWIND: X-ray emission and K-shell absorption

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (S329) ◽  
pp. 391-391
Author(s):  
L. P. Carneiro ◽  
J. Puls ◽  
J. O. Sundqvist ◽  
T. L. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Massive Stars ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Uv Spectra ◽  
Extensive Discussion ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spectrum Synthesis ◽  
High Energy Absorption ◽  
Ionization Balance ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

AbstractEUV and X-ray radiation emitted from wind-embedded shocks can affect the ionization balance in the outer atmospheres of massive stars, and can also be the mechanism responsible for producing highly ionized atoms detected in the wind UV spectra. To investigate these processes, we implemented the emission from wind-embedded shocks and related physics into our atmosphere/spectrum synthesis code FASTWIND. We also account for the high energy absorption of the cool wind, by adding important K-shell opacities. Various tests justfying our approach have been described by Carneiro+(2016, A&A 590, A88).In particular, we studied the impact of X-ray emission on the ionization balance of important elements. In almost all the cases, the lower ionization stages (O iv, N iv, P v) are depleted and the higher stages (N v, O v, O vi) become enhanced. Moreover, also He lines (in particular He ii 1640 and He ii 4686) can be affected as well.Finally, we carried out an extensive discussion of the high-energy mass absorption coefficient, κν, regarding its spatial variation and dependence on Teff. We found that (i) the approximation of a radially constant κν can be justified for r ⩾ 1.2R* and λ ⩽ 18 Å, and also for many models at longer wavelengths. (ii) In order to estimate the actual value of this quantity, however, the He ii background needs to be considered from detailed modeling.

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