The Effect of Pressure Relief Valve Blowdown and Fire Conditions on the Thermo-Hydraulics Within a Pressure Vessel

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. J. VanderSteen ◽  
A. M. Birk
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Pressure Relief Valve ◽  
Relief Valve ◽  
Pressure Relief ◽  
Effect Of Pressure ◽  
Fire Conditions

The Effect of Pressure Relief Valve Blowdown and Fire Conditions on the Thermo-Hydraulics Within a Pressure Vessel

2006 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Birk ◽  
J. D. J. VanderSteen
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stratification ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Pressure Relief Valve ◽  
Relief Valve ◽  
Pressure Relief ◽  
Pressure Transducers ◽  
Hydrocarbon Pool ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
C 50 ◽  
Fire Conditions

In the summers of 2000 and 2001, a series of controlled fire tests were conducted on horizontal 1890liter (500 US gallon) propane pressure vessels. The test vessels were instrumented with pressure transducers, liquid space, vapor space, and wall thermocouples, and an instrumented flow nozzle in place of a pressure relief valve (PRV). A computer controlled PRV was used to control pressure. The vessels were heated using high momentum, liquid propane utility torches. Open pool fires were not used for the testing because they are strongly affected by wind. These wind effects make it almost impossible to have repeatable test conditions. The fire conditions used were calibrated to give heat inputs similar to a luminous hydrocarbon pool fire with an effective blackbody temperature in the range of 850°C±50°C. PRV blowdown (i.e., blowdown=poppressure−reclosepressure) and fire conditions were varied in this test series while all other input parameters were held constant. The fire conditions were varied by changing the number of burners applied to the vessel wall areas wetted by liquid and vapor. It was found that the vessel content’s response and energy storage varied according to the fire conditions and the PRV operation. The location and quantity of the burners affected the thermal stratification within the liquid, and the liquid swelling (due to vapor generation in the liquid) at the liquid∕vapor interface. The blowdown of the PRV affected the average vessel pressure, average liquid temperature, and time to temperature destratification in the liquid. Large blowdown also delayed thermal rupture.

Effects of Pressure Relief Valve Behavior on 2-Phase Energy Storage in a Pressure Vessel Exposed to Fire

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-252
Author(s):  
A. J. Pierorazio ◽  
A. M. Birk
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Pressure Relief Valve ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Stored Energy ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Relief Valve ◽  
Pressure Relief ◽  
Queen's University

Recent studies have shown that the hazards associated with loss of containment and BLEVEs (boiling liquid expanding vapor explosions) are strongly tied to the energy stored in the liquid phase of a pressure vessel. This stored energy is affected by heat transfer with the surroundings (e.g., fire exposure) and pressure relief valve (PRV) action. Since it would be desirable to minimize this stored energy to reduce hazards, a study was initiated by Transport Canada and Queen’s University to quantify the effect of various PRV parameters on the thermal energy storage of a pressure vessel. A fully automated state-of-the-art test facility has been constructed to perform 2-phase blowdown tests using steam and water. This paper describes the Queen’s University/Transport Canada PRV Test Program and the test procedures and facilities used. It goes on to show some preliminary results from 2-phase testing currently underway to determine the optimal PRV operating characteristics from a hazard mitigation standpoint. The results of this study may be useful for standards-writing bodies to set experimentally determined optimal behavior criteria for PRVs and acceptable tolerances for deviation from this.

Fire tests to study the effect of pressure relief valve blowdown on the survivability of propane tanks in fires

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Michael Birk ◽  
Jonathan D. J. Vandersteen ◽  
M. H. Cunningham ◽  
C. R. Davison ◽  
I. Mirzazadeh
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Relief Valve ◽  
Fire Tests ◽  
Relief Valve ◽  
Pressure Relief ◽  
Effect Of Pressure

Optimization of Operation Parameters for Direct Spring Loaded Pressure Relief Valve in a Pipeline System

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunjun Kim ◽  
Sanghyun Kim ◽  
Youngman Kim ◽  
Jonghwan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Relief Valve ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Relief Valve ◽  
Pressure Relief ◽  
Computational Costs ◽  
Constant Degree ◽  
System A ◽  
Disk Mass ◽  
Analysis Scheme ◽  
Surge Control

A direct spring loaded pressure relief valve (DSLPRV) is an efficient hydraulic structure used to control a potential water hammer in pipeline systems. The optimization of a DSLPRV was explored to consider the instability issue of a valve disk and the surge control for a pipeline system. A surge analysis scheme, named the method of characteristics, was implemented into a multiple-objective genetic algorithm to determine the adjustable factors in the operation of the DSLPRV. The forward transient analysis and multi-objective optimization of adjustable factors, such as the spring constant, degree of precompression, and disk mass, showed substantial relaxation in the surge pressure and oscillation of valve disk in a hypothetical pipeline system. The results of the regression analysis of surge were compared with the optimization results to demonstrate the potential of the developed method to substantially reduce computational costs.

scholarly journals Forensic Engineering Techniques For Testing And Predicting Lp-Gas Container Relief Venting

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Test Data ◽  
Pressure Relief Valve ◽  
Relief Valve ◽  
Pressure Relief ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Flammable Gas ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Liquefied Gas

When An Lp-Gas Container Is Involved In A Fire, Flammable Gas Is Usually Vented From The Relief Valve. One Of The First Questions Is Whether The Container Vented The Gas That Caused The Fire Or Whether Gas Was Vented Due To The Fire Heating The Container. If The Relief Valve Vents Gas That Initiates The Fire, It Is Usually Due To An Overfilled Container. This Paper Discusses; 1) The Prediction Of The Rate Of Container Warming Due To Normal Temperature Changes, 2) The Resulting Pressure Changes Of The Liquefied Gas, 3) The Reaction Of The Pressure Relief Valve And The Quantity Of Lp-Gas Vented During The Operation Of The Relief Valve, 4) Designing The Experiment And 4) Adjusting The Model To Reflect Test Data.

The static and dynamic characteristics of a pressure relief valve with a proportional solenoid-controlled pilot stage

2002 ◽  
Vol 216 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Maiti ◽  
R Saha ◽  
J Watton
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Dynamic Behaviour ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Pressure Relief Valve ◽  
Relief Valve ◽  
Pressure Relief ◽  
Static And Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Good Comparison ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The steady state and dynamic characteristics of a two-stage pressure relief valve with proportional solenoid control of the pilot stage is studied theoretically as well as experimentally. The mathematical model is studied within the MATLAB-SIMULINK environment and the non-linearities have been considered via the use of appropriate SIMULINK blocks. The detailed modelling has resulted in a good comparison between simulation and measurement, albeit assumptions had to be made regarding the solenoid dynamic characteristic based upon practical experience. The use of this characteristic combined with additional dynamic terms not previously considered allows new estimations of internal characteristics to be made such as the damping flowrate. The overall dynamic behaviour has been shown to be dominated by the solenoid characteristic relating force to applied voltage.

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