Performance Evaluation of a Novel Small Wind Turbine: UAE Case Study

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayem Zafar ◽  
Mohamed Gadalla ◽  
Mohammad Ismail Al-Naiser
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Small Wind Turbine ◽  
Sufficient Power ◽  
Personal Use ◽  
Domestic Power

A small personal use wind turbine (PWT) is studied and tested for power evaluation under different wind speed conditions. The wind turbine has small blades with FX 63137 airfoil. The blades are non-tapered and non-twisted to be economical and easy to manufacture. The blade span is 1.52 m which makes it small enough for personal domestic use yet big enough to produce sufficient power. The PWT size satisfies the requirements for rooftop small wind turbine for domestic power generation. The study is conducted in United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the PWT is installed in an open area to test under the natural conditions. Readings are recorded for wind speeds, generator RPMs, current and voltage for different timings and conditions. The PWT is tested at a variety of wind speeds to establish the operating range of the wind turbine. Using the calculated electrical power and wind power values, corresponding electrical efficiency is determined. Results are evaluated for electrical power and electrical efficiency against wind speed. The result suggests better performance and efficiency for continuous wind speed conditions. It also shows the PWT can effectively generate power under the conditions found in UAE.

Energy Production Through Wind Using Personal Use Wind Turbines: A UAE Case Study

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayem Zafar ◽  
Mohamed Gadalla
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Turbine Rotor ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Personal Use

A model study is conducted to investigate the possible wind energy harnessing potential of a recently designed personal use wind turbine, PWT, having efficient and economical blades. The study is conducted for the conditions usually found in United Arab Emirates, UAE. The PWT has a total length of 4.5 m while the disk diameter is 3 m. The PWT dimensions make it big enough to be used to power household appliances or to charge batteries yet small enough to be installed on rooftops or buildings. The wind turbine setup uses a tail vane to keep the wind turbine aligned with the airflow. The wind turbine blades are installed at an angle of 22°, with respect to the disk plane, as it gives the highest power. For electrical power generation, a permanent magnet generator is used which is rated for 250 RPM to 100 RPM. Gears are used to increase the generator RPM to six times than that of the wind turbine. The UAE wind data is used to find the total possible power from each wind turbine. Possible number of housing units, buildings and telecommunication towers are found, in UAE, where a PWT can be installed. An analysis is conducted for the energy and exergy potential of the wind turbine rotor. The clean energy potential of the PWT is also investigated when operated by their possible users. Calculations are made at variable wind speeds to represent the average wind speed during each month. It is concluded that a country like UAE can produce on average 500 MW using PWTs. The efficiencies come out to be low for summer months while high for winter months. It is also concluded that a system like PWT would help reduce the monthly billing cost by the end user.

Active Conical and Planetary Gearing System for Wind Turbines

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Salim Azzouz ◽  
Anjolajesu Fagbe ◽  
Zachary Evetts ◽  
Ethan Rosales
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Planetary System ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Angular Speed ◽  
Equilibrium Equations ◽  
Input Shaft ◽  
Wind Speeds

The purpose of this research project is to explore the possibility of harvesting the energy of the wind by taking advantage of higher wind speeds. Two active gearbox systems allowing a variable speed at the input shaft and delivering a constant speed at the output shaft are currently being built and tested. The first system consists of an assembly of spur, planetary, and ring gears run and controlled by electrical motors. The second system consists of an assembly of a conical shaft, a wheel, and a set of centrifugal masses. The two gearing systems can act separately as a continuously variable transmission (CVT) between the wind turbine hub and the electricity generator which requires an entry speed corresponding to a frequency of 60 Hz. The two gearing systems are designed using the SolidWorks CAD software for modeling and simulation, and the gearing design theory is used to dimension the required spur, planetary and ring gears for the first proposed system. Betz’s law associated with appropriate and realistic wind turbine efficiency is used to estimate the wind power transferred to the turbine hub. The law is also used to determine the hub angular speed as a function of the wind speed. The kinematic gearing theory is used to establish the different gearing ratios of the planetary system, and the kinematic relationships between the system stages. The forces and torques acting on the first and the second systems are computed using the equilibrium equations. The speed ratios are calculated for the first and second system using the kinematic theory. Ideally, the electrical power consumed by the regulating motor for the first system is minimal so that a maximum percentage of the generated electrical power is supplied to the electricity grid. For the second system the totality of the harvested power is transmitted through the conical/wheel system. For the planetary system, when the wind speed deviates from a certain optimum value, the electrical controls activate a regulating motor to guarantee that the generator input speed remains constant. Currently, a prototype of a more robust planetary gearing system than a previously made one is under construction while a newly constructed conical system is under experimental testing. Running speeds, torques, power transfer and distribution for the two systems will be measured. The generated electrical power is measured using different load resistances and compared to the electrical power consumed by the regulating motor for the planetary system. The torques are measured using a prony brake system while the angular speeds are measured using tachometers. It is expected that the power consumed by the regulating motor for the gearing system will remain a small percentage of the power supplied to the grid for various hub input speeds.

scholarly journals Monitoring and Modeling Roof-Level Wind Speed in a Changing City

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Kathrin Baumann-Stanzer ◽  
Sirma Stenzel ◽  
Gabriele Rau ◽  
Martin Piringer ◽  
Felix Feichtinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Small Wind Turbine ◽  
Roof Level

Results of an observational campaign and model study are presented demonstrating how the wind field at roof-level in the urban area of Vienna changed due to the construction of a new building nearby. The investigation was designed with a focus on the wind energy yield of a roof-mounted small wind turbine but the findings are also relevant for air dispersion applications. Wind speed profiles above roof top are simulated with the complex fluid dynamics (CFD) model MISKAM (Mikroskaliges Klima- und Ausbreitungsmodell, microscale climate and dispersion model). The comparison to mast measurements reveals that the model underestimates the wind speeds within the first few meters above the roof, but successfully reproduces wind conditions at 10 m above the roof top (corresponding to about 0.5 times the building height). Scenario simulations with different building configurations at the adjacent property result in an increase or decrease of wind speed above roof top depending on the flow direction at the upper boundary of the urban canopy layer (UCL). The maximum increase or decrease in wind speed caused by the alternations in building structure nearby is found to be in the order of 10%. For the energy yield of a roof-mounted small wind turbine at this site, wind speed changes of this magnitude are negligible due to the generally low prevailing wind speeds of about 3.5 m s−1. Nevertheless, wind speed changes of this order could be significant for wind energy yield in urban areas with higher mean wind speeds. This effect in any case needs to be considered in siting and conducting an urban meteorological monitoring network in order to ensure the homogeneity of observed time-series and may alter the emission and dispersion of pollutants or odor at roof level.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effect of Blades Number on the Performance of Pico Wind Turbines

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
Yasir Abood ◽  
Tariq A. Ismail ◽  
Omar A. Abdulrazzaq ◽  
Haider S. Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Internal Resistance ◽  
Power Coefficient ◽  
Sharp Reduction ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Air Blower

In this paper, the influence of blades number on the performance of pico wind turbine was investigated by using a small-motorized axial DC fan with a rated power of 4W. Fixed streaming air blower was used as a source of wind. Varying in wind speed was accomplished by changing the distance from the blower. A resistor equals to the turbine internal resistance was utilized as a load to collect the electrical power across the load at various wind speeds and for fans of different blades (1, 2, and 5). Values of the cut-in and cut-out speeds were extracted from the power plot. Rated power was recorded, as well. The results have shown that the rated power generated by turbine has decreased due to the reduction of blades number (i.e., reduction in solidity) from 2.6W for a 5-bladed turbine to 0.665W for a 2-bladed turbine and to 0.13W for a 1-bladed turbine. Moreover, the cut-in speed (initial electrical generating speed) has increased from 4.9m/s for 5-bladed to 8m/s for 2-bladed, then to 19.15m/s for 1-bladed. These results are explained by the balancing problems during rotation (polar asymmetrical rotor), and it is seen that the reduction of blades has made a sharp reduction in power coefficient.

Thermodynamic Evaluation of a Small Wind Turbine

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Gadalla ◽  
Sayem Zafar ◽  
Saad Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Thermodynamic Evaluation ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Small Wind Turbine ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mechanical Power Output ◽  
Energy And Exergy

A small personal use wind turbine (PWT) is studied and tested for power, exergy and energy evaluation under different operating conditions. The wind turbine incorporates non-twisted blades of 1.5 m span and 0.27 m chord, using NACA 63418 airfoil. Using the earlier test results at pitch angles of 22°, 34° and 38° between the wind speeds of 4 m/s to 7 m/s, torque produced by each blade is determined. It is desired to calculate the torque as it is difficult to measure it for a small wind turbine. Using the governing equations and available computational fluid dynamics software, the total torque on each blade is determined. The resultant torque yielded the mechanical power output of the PWT. Using the available power, energy and exergy in the air flow, corresponding efficiencies are determined. To determine the changes in energy and exergy with respect to the wind speed, wind-chill factor expression is utilized. Results are collected for a wide range of wind speeds and pitch angles. Power, energy, exergy and their corresponding efficiency is evaluated to determine the optimal use pitch angle and ambient conditions. The pitch angles of 22° and 38o yielded high efficiencies although 22° produced the higher rotational speed as compared to 38°. The result suggests better performance for continuous wind speed conditions at low pitch angles — with respect to the rotating plane. For non-continuous wind conditions, higher pitch angles appeared beneficial.

scholarly journals Rancang Bangun Turbin Angin Untuk Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Angin (Sebagai Alternatif Pembangkit Listrik Daerah Pesisir Pantai)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Wildan Hamdani ◽  
Ahmad Yani ◽  
Toni Hendrawan. R
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
Turbine Output

The basic working principle of a wind turbine is to convert mechanical energy from the wind into rotary energy on the blades, the turbine rotation is used to turn a generator to produce electricity. The wind turbine under study is a propeller wind turbine whose axis is placed horizontally. The purpose of this study was to determine the output power produced by the wind turbine. Methods The research was conducted using experimental methods. The results showed that the designed wind turbine was able to produce electrical power at wind speeds of less than 40 m/s, overall based on the research that the maximum power value occurred at 17:00 with a wind speed of 28 m/s the power generated was 0.054 Watt, while the lowest turbine output power occurred at 15:00 with a wind speed of 18 m/s turbine output power of 0.025 Watt.

SHAPING OF AN AUTONOMOUS POWER SYSTEM FOR GUARANTEED POWER SUPPLY WITH THE PREDOMINANCE WIND ENERGY

2018 ◽  
pp. 28-50
Author(s):  
S. G. Ignatiev ◽  
S. V. Kiseleva
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Average Wind

Optimization of the autonomous wind-diesel plants composition and of their power for guaranteed energy supply, despite the long history of research, the diversity of approaches and methods, is an urgent problem. In this paper, a detailed analysis of the wind energy characteristics is proposed to shape an autonomous power system for a guaranteed power supply with predominance wind energy. The analysis was carried out on the basis of wind speed measurements in the south of the European part of Russia during 8 months at different heights with a discreteness of 10 minutes. As a result, we have obtained a sequence of average daily wind speeds and the sequences constructed by arbitrary variations in the distribution of average daily wind speeds in this interval. These sequences have been used to calculate energy balances in systems (wind turbines + diesel generator + consumer with constant and limited daily energy demand) and (wind turbines + diesel generator + consumer with constant and limited daily energy demand + energy storage). In order to maximize the use of wind energy, the wind turbine integrally for the period in question is assumed to produce the required amount of energy. For the generality of consideration, we have introduced the relative values of the required energy, relative energy produced by the wind turbine and the diesel generator and relative storage capacity by normalizing them to the swept area of the wind wheel. The paper shows the effect of the average wind speed over the period on the energy characteristics of the system (wind turbine + diesel generator + consumer). It was found that the wind turbine energy produced, wind turbine energy used by the consumer, fuel consumption, and fuel economy depend (close to cubic dependence) upon the specified average wind speed. It was found that, for the same system with a limited amount of required energy and high average wind speed over the period, the wind turbines with lower generator power and smaller wind wheel radius use wind energy more efficiently than the wind turbines with higher generator power and larger wind wheel radius at less average wind speed. For the system (wind turbine + diesel generator + energy storage + consumer) with increasing average speed for a given amount of energy required, which in general is covered by the energy production of wind turbines for the period, the maximum size capacity of the storage device decreases. With decreasing the energy storage capacity, the influence of the random nature of the change in wind speed decreases, and at some values of the relative capacity, it can be neglected.

Design of Small Wind Turbine

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Amano ◽  
Ryan Malloy
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Pitch Angle ◽  
Bridge Circuit ◽  
Small Wind Turbine ◽  
Swash Plate ◽  
Wind Vane ◽  
Blade Pitch Angle

The project has been completed, and all of the aforementioned objectives have been achieved. An anemometer has been constructed to measure wind speed, and a wind vane has been built to sense wind direction. An LCD module has been acquired and has been programmed to display the wind speed and its direction. An H-Bridge circuit was used to drive a gear motor that rotated the nacelle toward the windward direction. Finally, the blade pitch angle was controlled by a swash plate mechanism and servo motors installed on the generator itself. A microcontroller has been programmed to optimally control the servo motors and gear motor based on input from the wind vane and anemometer sensors.

scholarly journals An investigation of the impact of wind speed and turbulence on small wind turbine operation and fatigue loads

2020 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 87-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anup KC ◽  
Jonathan Whale ◽  
Samuel P. Evans ◽  
Philip D. Clausen
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Small Wind Turbine ◽  
Fatigue Loads ◽  
The Impact

Small Wind Turbine Power Performance Testing with Uncertainty Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 875-877 ◽  
pp. 1944-1948
Author(s):  
Wen Lei Bai ◽  
Byun Gik Chang ◽  
Gerald Chen ◽  
Ken Starcher ◽  
David Carr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Uncertainty Analysis ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Small Wind Turbine ◽  
Uncertainty Sources ◽  
Measurement Uncertainties

Wind turbine power performance testing consists of power, temperature, air pressure and wind speed measurements collected for this study during which measuring uncertainties are involved. Due to the measurement uncertainties, the results of power performance testing are affected; therefore, it is necessary to consider the measurement uncertainties for evaluating the accuracy of turbine testing. For this purpose of this study, uncertainty analysis for one 5kW wind turbine power performance testing was conducted. The results of uncertainty analysis indicated that the uncertainty negatively affected the validity of conclusions drawn from power performance testing, and the uncertainty sources are various in different wind speed bins.

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