Laboratory Test on Cement Plug Integrity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Opedal ◽  
Anisa Noor Corina ◽  
Torbjørn Vrålstad
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Differential Pressure ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Flow Meters ◽  
Test Setup ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Zonal Isolation ◽  
Cement Plug

A recurring issue in the petroleum industry is the performance of cement in relation to its primary role of providing zonal isolation. Enhanced understanding of this subject offers the possibility to improve the planning and design of the cementing job to minimizing the risk of poor bonding of cement and loss of well integrity. The design and execution of the cement job is by no means an easy task, mainly due to the complexity of the material and process, and the variety in conditions one can encounter downhole. Thus, screening of different materials and conditions is necessary to optimize the success of a cement operation. This work focused on experimentally testing cement plugs to be able to understand the sealing ability of cement to a casing at relevant temperatures and pressures. A built-for-purpose test setup was designed and assembled, and the goal of this work was to test this new setup and to establish a proper baseline for future test on various cement systems. The setup consists of a test cell containing the cement plug, an automated pressure regulator used for generating a pressure differential across the cement plug and flow meters to measure the flow rate through the cement plug. The output data from the tests is the differential pressure needed to have breakthrough of gas, and the connection between the flow rate and differential pressure across the cement plug. The possible manipulated variables for the test setup is the cement type and casing surface properties.

Modern Organization Theory: Analyzing the Complexity of Coordination and Cooperation in the Modern Organizations

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 261-268
Author(s):  
Sirajul Haque ◽  
Naveed Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Organization Theory ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Organization Level ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Development Politics ◽  
Growth Planning ◽  
Organization Models

The theory consists of principles that describe relationships observed in association with phenomenon. The primary role of theory is to provide a description as well as explanation of the phenomenon. This means that organization theory can help us in understanding us; what is organizations, how organization behaves in a given environment and how they may behave in a different set of circumstances. The organization theory has been developed as a result of systematic study of organizations. Therefore, it has general applications to all type of organizations. It provides way of thinking about organization and managing the organizations. Organization theory deals primarily with the organization level phenomenon such as organizational change and growth, planning and design, development, politics, culture and structure. In the context of organization level phenomenon, this research study deals with effectiveness of the organization. The study is aimed to investigate the complexity of coordination and cooperation in the context of modern organization. The research has studies two major Model of organization theories; System Model and Contingency Model and has critically deliberated on the complexities of coordination and cooperation in the context of modern organizations, Finally, in the light of study of these modern organization models, the author has suggested Henry Mintzburg’s Model for dealing with the complexity of coordination and cooperation.

scholarly journals Drilling optimization of petroleum wells

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Lucas Sales Rodrigues de Oliveira ◽  
Andreas Nascimento ◽  
Diunay Zuliani Mantegazini ◽  
Nazem Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Pressure Variation ◽  
Differential Pressure ◽  
Rate Of Penetration ◽  
Well Integrity ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Drilling Optimization ◽  
Drilling Parameter ◽  
Petroleum Wells

The petroleum industry is already demanding lowering exploration costs, which reflects in needs of reducing drilling operational costs, which can be achieved through implementation of more efficiency in operations. Researches have shown that scientist and companies are already experiencing different approaches aiming at boosting drillability. One method not well implemented is variation of flow-rate as a mechanical specific drilling parameter, given its complexity and relation to well integrity. This paper details the influence in flow-rate and related parameters in rate of penetration, showing how DHAP, ECD, Flow-rate and ROP are related to each other. It can be seen that by increasing a flow-rate, an increase in ROP is possible, but that flow-rate changes also influence the down-hole pressure and ECD, what imply in possible downhole differential pressure variation. The higher the down-hole differential pressure, the less will be the implied ROP. All these have influence on drilling efficiency.

Sports Photography and Historical Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-115
Author(s):  
Miloš Stamenković
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Primary Role

SummarySports photography undoubtedly has a significant place in sports press and publicism. It’s main and primary role is to present sports to the readers as art, which it is. Sport is characterized by dynamic and varied movements, and the main role of sports photography is reflected in the fact that it is in this way that sport shows its essence. Having in mind that photography tells more than a thousand words it sends a clear message to the reader as well to people who are informed about events via sports portals. Sports photography is a multidimensional art for many reasons. When we say “multi”, it primarily refers to a wider range that sports photography has to offer, which means sports photography is not only directed at presenting athletes on the move and the main actors who contribute to achieving the results by their engagement – it also has the role of sports “psychophotography” which is an analysis and capture of the emotional reaction of an athlete after winning or losing from the opposing team.

OBOLESCENCE AND THE DIFFUSION OF INNOVATIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-130
Author(s):  
A.V. GOLUBEV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Of Innovations ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
Scientific Hypothesis ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Sociological Studies

The diffusion of innovations is described as a process in a number of scientific papers. At the same time, the causes of this process have not been sufficiently studied. The author’s goal is to consider the main regularities, under which the life cycle of innovations begins, and propose measures to enhance diffusion in modern conditions. As a scientific hypothesis, the author accepts the postulate about the primary role of the obolescence of attracted innovations in this process. The analysis revealed not only the economic proportions that initiate the start of innovation promotion, but also the influence on the diffusion rate of the obsolescence degree of innovations and the market share occupied by the new product. Methodological approaches have been developed to determine economic efficiency depending on the moment of technological change-over, as well as to determine the absolute and relative speed of innovation diffusion. Sociological studies were conducted to determine the state of innovation development and the time lag between obtaining information about an innovation and its practical implementation. The author presents his “Agroopyt” information system developed to disseminate knowledge in the agricultural sphere and ensure technology transfer in agriculture. Digital methods provide for significant accelerateion of the diffusion of innovations and expand its scope.

Study of fluid flow through a channel deformed by piezoelement

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.Sh. Nasibullayev ◽  
E.Sh Nasibullaeva ◽  
O.V. Darintsev
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Contact Surface ◽  
Piezoelectric Element ◽  
Neumann Boundary ◽  
Differential Pressure ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Flow Through

The flow of a liquid through a tube deformed by a piezoelectric cell under a harmonic law is studied in this paper. Linear deformations are compared for the Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions on the contact surface of the tube and piezoelectric element. The flow of fluid through a deformed channel for two flow regimes is investigated: in a tube with one closed end due to deformation of the tube; for a tube with two open ends due to deformation of the tube and the differential pressure applied to the channel. The flow rate of the liquid is calculated as a function of the frequency of the deformations, the pressure drop and the physical parameters of the liquid.

scholarly journals Four Mutant Alleles Elucidate the Role of the G2 Protein in the Development of C4 and C3 Photosynthesizing Maize Tissues

Genetics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 159 (2) ◽  
pp. 787-797
Author(s):  
Lizzie Cribb ◽  
Lisa N Hall ◽  
Jane A Langdale
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Sheath Cell ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Bundle Sheath Cell

Abstract Maize leaf blades differentiate dimorphic photosynthetic cell types, the bundle sheath and mesophyll, between which the reactions of C4 photosynthesis are partitioned. Leaf-like organs of maize such as husk leaves, however, develop a C3 pattern of differentiation whereby ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) accumulates in all photosynthetic cell types. The Golden2 (G2) gene has previously been shown to play a role in bundle sheath cell differentiation in C4 leaf blades and to play a less well-defined role in C3 maize tissues. To further analyze G2 gene function in maize, four g2 mutations have been characterized. Three of these mutations were induced by the transposable element Spm. In g2-bsd1-m1 and g2-bsd1-s1, the element is inserted in the second intron and in g2-pg14 the element is inserted in the promoter. In the fourth case, g2-R, four amino acid changes and premature polyadenylation of the G2 transcript are observed. The phenotypes conditioned by these four mutations demonstrate that the primary role of G2 in C4 leaf blades is to promote bundle sheath cell chloroplast development. C4 photosynthetic enzymes can accumulate in both bundle sheath and mesophyll cells in the absence of G2. In C3 tissue, however, G2 influences both chloroplast differentiation and photosynthetic enzyme accumulation patterns. On the basis of the phenotypic data obtained, a model that postulates how G2 acts to facilitate C4 and C3 patterns of tissue development is proposed.

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