Errors due to parameter fluctuations made in measuring a flow rate by differential pressure gauge flow meters

A recurring issue in the petroleum industry is the performance of cement in relation to its primary role of providing zonal isolation. Enhanced understanding of this subject offers the possibility to improve the planning and design of the cementing job to minimizing the risk of poor bonding of cement and loss of well integrity. The design and execution of the cement job is by no means an easy task, mainly due to the complexity of the material and process, and the variety in conditions one can encounter downhole. Thus, screening of different materials and conditions is necessary to optimize the success of a cement operation. This work focused on experimentally testing cement plugs to be able to understand the sealing ability of cement to a casing at relevant temperatures and pressures. A built-for-purpose test setup was designed and assembled, and the goal of this work was to test this new setup and to establish a proper baseline for future test on various cement systems. The setup consists of a test cell containing the cement plug, an automated pressure regulator used for generating a pressure differential across the cement plug and flow meters to measure the flow rate through the cement plug. The output data from the tests is the differential pressure needed to have breakthrough of gas, and the connection between the flow rate and differential pressure across the cement plug. The possible manipulated variables for the test setup is the cement type and casing surface properties.

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Hydraulic fluid power. Valves. Determination of differential pressure/flow rate characteristics

10.3403/30163926u ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Flow Rate ◽

Differential Pressure ◽

Fluid Power ◽

Hydraulic Fluid ◽

Pressure Flow

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Study of fluid flow through a channel deformed by piezoelement

Multiphase Systems ◽

10.21662/mfs2018.3.001 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

I.Sh. Nasibullayev ◽

E.Sh Nasibullaeva ◽

O.V. Darintsev

Keyword(s):

Fluid Flow ◽

Pressure Drop ◽

Boundary Conditions ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Contact Surface ◽

Piezoelectric Element ◽

Neumann Boundary ◽

Differential Pressure ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Flow Through

The flow of a liquid through a tube deformed by a piezoelectric cell under a harmonic law is studied in this paper. Linear deformations are compared for the Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions on the contact surface of the tube and piezoelectric element. The flow of fluid through a deformed channel for two flow regimes is investigated: in a tube with one closed end due to deformation of the tube; for a tube with two open ends due to deformation of the tube and the differential pressure applied to the channel. The flow rate of the liquid is calculated as a function of the frequency of the deformations, the pressure drop and the physical parameters of the liquid.

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Using an Adjustable Cone Meter to Measure Wet Gas

10.2118/206072-ms ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sakethraman Mahalingam ◽

Gavin Munro ◽

Muhammad Arsalan ◽

Victor Gawski

Keyword(s):

Flow Rate ◽

Pressure Measurement ◽

Gas Flow ◽

Flow Line ◽

Liquid Fraction ◽

Differential Pressure ◽

Low Flow ◽

Liquid Density ◽

Estimation Model ◽

Wet Gas

Abstract When the gas flow rate of a well significantly changes, the flow rate can fall below that of the operating range of a traditional fixed size Venturi meter, necessitating the replacement of the original meter with one of a smaller size. However, with an adjustable cone meter, the internal reconfiguration feature allows it to automatically switch from high operating flow range to low operating flow range and there is no requirement to disassemble the meter from the flow line assembly. Adjustable cone meters were designed, developed and tested at the wet-gas flow loop at National Engineering Laboratory in East Kilbride, Scotland. After calibrating the meter with dry nitrogen gas, the meter was tested with increasing amounts of liquid being injected into the flowline, upstream of the meter. The liquid caused the differential pressure measurement on the meter to over-read. Based on the differential pressure measurements under varying flow conditions, algorithms were developed to measure the dry gas and liquid fraction. The data obtained from the tests such as differential pressure, pressure, temperature, liquid density were used to build an over-reading model of the meter and a liquid fraction estimation model based on pressure loss ratio derived from an additional differential pressure measurement. The model was used to not only to quantify the gas and liquid flow rates but also the estimated error in each measurement. The measurements show that the Adjustable Cone meter is able to provide low uncertainty in both dry and wet gas conditions and offers a turndown ratio of up to 54:1 in dry gas conditions. In addition, the automatic adjustment of the meter from high flow to low flow positions avoids the need for manual intervention that involves additional risk and cost.

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Design of PLC Integrated Process Simulation Software for Steam Generator Using Matlab Simulink

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20184301012 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 01012

Author(s):

Ikhtiander ◽

Soekirno Santoso

Keyword(s):

Steam Generator ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Field Data ◽

Volume Flow ◽

Differential Pressure ◽

Steam Quality ◽

Fuel Gas ◽

Matlab Simulink ◽

Simulator Program ◽

Error Percentage

This paper describes the work done in order to make Matlab Simulink based steam generator simulator in the simulation of a steam generator. The steam generator under this research is operated with the steam quality of 72%, O2 content is 1.2%, designed steam volume flow is 3600 barrel per day at a maximum and designed fuel gas volume flow is 1300 Thousand Standard Cubic Feet (MSCF) per day at a maximum. The simulator program of the steam generator is separated into individual components consisting of Burner, Radiant, Convection, Exhaust Stack, Feedwater Pump Discharge and Steam Discharge. Within the components, thermodynamics and heat transfer principles such as conduction, convection, radiation and also conservation of mass, momentum, and energy were applied to compute the pressure values, temperature values, and flow rate values of simulated field device based on the command and setpoint from PLC. The validation process has been done with the steam generator is operating in a steady state to the 10 important process parameters of the steam generator. The error percentage calculated from a difference between the simulation result value and the actual value from field data reference divide by actual value from field data reference. The error percentage results are as following : Fuel Gas Orifice Differential Pressure : 2.39%, Fuel Gas Pressure : 1.37%, Fuel Gas Temperature : 5.95%, Fuel Gas Flow Rate : 1.25%, Feedwater Orifice Differential Pressure : 1.94%, Feedwater Pressure : 1.54%, Feedwater Flow Rate : 0.92%, Steam Orifice Differential Pressure 3.26%, Steam Discharge Pressure 1.93% and Steam Quality : 0.05%.

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Slip Factors of Centrifugal Slurry Pumps

Journal of Fluids Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.3242666 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 109 (3) ◽

pp. 313-318 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

K. K. Sheth ◽

G. L. Morrison ◽

W. W. Peng

Keyword(s):

Flow Rate ◽

Glass Bead ◽

Power Flow ◽

Mixture Density ◽

Slip Factor ◽

Friction Factors ◽

Through Flow ◽

Data Correlations ◽

Power Measurements ◽

Made In

Experiments have been carried out in order to determine the effects on slip factor due to the various parameters affecting the performance characteristics of a centrifugal slurry pump. The experiments were conducted with water, sand slurry, and a glass bead slurry at three different pump speeds. Measurements of power, flow rate, head developed by the pump and the density of the slurry were made in order to obtain the characteristic curves of the pump. Using Euler’s equation, equations were derived for calculating the slip and friction factors of the flow. The deduced slip factors for centrifugal slurry pump can be correlated well with suggested non dimensional groups. It shows a consistent trend of decreasing slip factor with increasing slurry mixture density and impeller rotation, or with a decreasing through flow rate. The sizes of the sand and glass bead particles are significantly different (0.71 mm versus 0.09 mm), however, the data correlations do not suggest its effect on the slip factors significantly as the other parameters. The slip factors deduced from head-flow rate curves are more reliable than those deduced from power-flow rate curves, since the shut-off power measurements are likely subjected to errors associated with the particles settling, or the transient effect if the measurements are taken momentarily.

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