Ultra Heavy Wall Linepipe X65: Material Performances for Severe Applications

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Di Vito ◽  
Gianluca Mannucci ◽  
Giuseppe Mortali ◽  
Mariano Armengol ◽  
Paolo Novelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Severe Strain ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Strain Cycling

Tenaris together with Centro Sviluppo Materiali launched a Joint Industrial Project aimed at developing heavy wall linepipes and evaluating their suitability for very severe applications possibly involving high service pressures and temperatures, large strains applied to the line, aggressive sour environment. The full project programme includes development of a the new generation of heavy wall products, laboratory scale evaluation of the material response when subjected to severe mechanical and environmental loading, evaluation of full component, pipe and girth weld, behaviour by means of full scale testing. Another technical publication in this conference (OMAE2009-79153) reports the activities of development of the new generation of heavy wall seamless pipes. In the present paper indeed, main outcomes of laboratory testing activities of the above programme on pipe material (grade X65, outer diameter 10 3/4″, wall thickness 46 mm) are reported as far as pipe body material properties are concerned. A fitted for purpose special testing programme, including mechanical and SSC laboratory scale testing, has been executed. Full thickness longitudinal specimens were extracted from the pipe body to apply severe strain cycling (1% and 2% maximum strain for various numbers of cycles, up to 200 cycles). Material showed a very encouraging behaviour, exhibiting an important reserve of strength even after application of severe strain cycling. Both mechanical, tensile compressive and toughness, properties and stress corrosion properties resulted to be suitable for the envisaged applications. Furthermore the pipe material showed suitable mechanical and stress-corrosion properties even after the severe cycling as well as after severe cycling and subsequent ageing. The influence of different straining conditions was also investigated, showing no significant difference in material properties after strain–ageing, due to different straining histories.

Ultra Heavy Wall Linepipe X65: Double Joint Girth Weld Performances for Severe Applications

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Di Vito ◽  
Gianluca Mannucci ◽  
Roberto Morana ◽  
Antonio Lucci ◽  
Federico Tintori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Strain ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Testing Program ◽  
Aggressive Environment ◽  
Girth Welds ◽  
High Level ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Cyclic Straining ◽  
Strain Cycling

Tenaris and Centro Sviluppo Materiali (CSM) launched a Joint Industrial Project aimed at developing heavy wall line pipes. The suitability for very severe applications, involving high service pressures and temperatures, the latter causing large strain fluctuations, in presence of an aggressive sour environment, is analyzed both theoretically and experimentally, including small and full scale pipe models. The full project program aims at developing a new generation heavy wall product, supported by: comprehensive laboratory analysis of the material response under severe mechanical loading in aggressive environment; and full scale testing program, including both pipe and girth weld. Both investigations are mainly addressed to the basic understanding of impact on design criteria from interaction between severe loading and aggressive environment. Three papers have been already presented, in previous OMAE conferences, on this project. In the present paper, main outcomes of laboratory testing activities of the above program on girth welds for double jointing (fill passes by Submerged Arc Welding) are reported. A fitted for purpose special testing program, including mechanical and SSC laboratory scale testing, has been executed. Full thickness longitudinal specimens were extracted crossing girth weld to apply severe strain cycling. The strain cycling has been defined as extreme in terms of resistance against ratcheting for the pressurized pipeline, as deduced in a work reported in one of the previously mentioned papers. The girth welds exhibited very satisfactory performance during severe cyclic straining. Furthermore, mechanical and stress-corrosion properties of the As-Weld girth joint have been compared with the corresponding properties after severe straining and ageing. This comparison highlighted high level of mechanical and SSC resistance, even after the application of severe straining and ageing.

Pavement Damage Due to Conventional and New Generation of Wide-Base Super Single Tires

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 210-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. L. Al-Qadi ◽  
M. A. Elseifi ◽  
P. J. Yoo ◽  
I. Janajreh
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fe Analysis ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Inflation Pressure ◽  
3D Finite Element ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Pavement Damage ◽  
New Generation

Abstract The objective of this study was to quantify pavement damage due to a conventional (385/65R22.5) and a new generation of wide-base (445/50R22.5) tires using three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) analysis. The investigated new generation of wide-base tires has wider treads and greater load-carrying capacity than the conventional wide-base tire. In addition, the contact patch is less sensitive to loading and is especially designed to operate at 690kPa inflation pressure at 121km/hr speed for full load of 151kN tandem axle. The developed FE models simulated the tread sizes and applicable contact pressure for each tread and utilized laboratory-measured pavement material properties. In addition, the models were calibrated and properly validated using field-measured stresses and strains. Comparison was established between the two wide-base tire types and the dual-tire assembly. Results indicated that the 445/50R22.5 wide-base tire would cause more fatigue damage, approximately the same rutting damage and less surface-initiated top-down cracking than the conventional dual-tire assembly. On the other hand, the conventional 385/65R22.5 wide-base tire, which was introduced more than two decades ago, caused the most damage.

scholarly journals Electrodeposition of Copper and Brass Coatings with Olive-Like Structure

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1762
Author(s):  
Artur Maciej ◽  
Natalia Łatanik ◽  
Maciej Sowa ◽  
Izabela Matuła ◽  
Wojciech Simka
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Cathodic Current Density ◽  
Bath Composition ◽  
Cathodic Current ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Electrodeposited Coating ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
New Generation ◽  
First Time

One method of creating a brass coating is through electrodeposition, which is most often completed in cyanide galvanic baths. Due to their toxicity, many investigations focused on the development of more environmentally friendly alternatives. The purpose of the study was to explore a new generation of non-aqueous cyanide-free baths based on 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ionic liquids. The study involved the formation of copper, zinc, and brass coatings. The influence of the bath composition, cathodic current density, and temperature was determined. The obtained coatings were characterized in terms of their morphology, chemical composition, phase composition, roughness, and corrosion resistance. It was found that the structure of the obtained coatings is strongly dependent on the process parameters. The three main structure types observed were as follows: fine-grained, porous, and olive-like. To the best knowledge of the authors, it is the first time the olive-like structure was observed in the case of an electrodeposited coating. The Cu-Zn coatings consisted of 19–96 at. % copper and exhibited relatively good corrosion resistance. A significant improvement of corrosion properties was found in the case of copper and brass coatings with the olive-like structure.

scholarly journals The Clinical and Vascular Characteristics of RNF213 c.14576G>A Variant-Related Intracranial Major Artery Disease in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiyang Cheng ◽  
Sufang Xue ◽  
Fang Wu ◽  
Xiaowei Song ◽  
Qiang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ring Finger ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Ring Finger Protein ◽  
Collateral Vessel ◽  
Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Collateral Vessels

Background and Purpose. Recently, several studies indicated the c.14576G>A variant on the ring finger protein 213 (RNF213), a founder variant of moyamoya diseases (MMD), was associated with non-MMD intracranial major artery stenosis/occlusion (non-MMD ICASO). We proposed that RNF213 variant-related ICASO including MMD might be a special entity with its own characteristics based on a genetic background. The aim of the study was to learn the clinical and vascular features of RNF213 variant-related ICASO. Moreover, we tried to explore the clinical significance of a testing variant in ICASO patients in China. Methods. Clinical material and routine image data were collected in 160 Chinese patients with ICASO, including 41 verified MMD and 119 non-MMD. DNA samples were extracted, and the c.14576G>A variant on RNF213 was genotyped. Then, the clinical and vascular features were compared between the patients with and without a relevant variant. Furthermore, the patients with RNF213 mutation were performed with high resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) examination to conclude features of the artery wall. Results. There were 16 (10%) patients (including 9 MMD and 7 non-MMD ICASO) presenting a heterozygous c.14576G>A variant while none of homozygote was found. Compared to the patients without the c.14576G>A variant, the variant group had more female, less symptomatic patients, and more possibility of having collateral vessels in vascular imaging. In the symptomatic subgroup, there is no significant difference in clinical presentation (p>0.05) between two groups. However, RNF213 variant-related ICASO had lower scores in NIHSS (1.0±3.0 vs. 3.9±5.0, p<0.05) but not in mRS. In the symptomatic subgroup, in addition, most of the HR-MRI images of variant ICASO (77.8%, 7 of 9) were characterized by a shrunken outer diameter, concentric thickening vessel wall, and collateral vessel structures on the stenotic portion, which was prone to be diagnosed as HR-MMD (a MMD diagnosis diagnosed by HR-MRI). The rest of the two variants showed a relatively eccentric luminal narrow, normal outer diameter without collateral vessel findings, identified as HR-ICAD (intracranial atherosclerotic disease diagnosed by HR-MRI). Conclusions. Our study demonstrated that the c.14576G>A variant on RNF213 may be a biomarker to good outcome of ICASO in Chinese. The variant-related ICASO was characterized by both features of MMD and ICAD diagnosed by HR-MRI.

Electrochemical and Stress Corrosion Properties of Duplex Stainless Steels Modified with Tungsten Addition

CORROSION ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 910-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Y. Kim ◽  
P. Q. Zhang ◽  
T. H. Ha ◽  
Y. H. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steels ◽  
Corrosion Properties

Experimental Identification of Material Properties of Piezoelectric Patch Transducer

2013 ◽  
Vol 486 ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
Zuzana Lašová ◽  
Robert Zemcik
Keyword(s):  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Piezoelectric Patch ◽  
Experimental Identification ◽  
Substrate Structure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Voltage Signal

This work is focused on identification of material properties of piezoelectric patch transducers used e.g. for structural health monitoring before attaching to the substrate structure. Two experimental methods were concerned. At first two piezoelectric patches were supplied with a pair of collocated strain gauge rosettes. Both transducers were actuated with the same periodical signal. Significant difference in the results for two transducers was found, however it was claimed to be within tolerance by the producer. As an alternative method a measurement in an optical microscope was chosen. The patch was clamped at one side and actuated by a voltage signal. The displacement of the free end was captured by the microscope and processed in a graphical editor. Finally, a finite element model of the transducer was created and its material data were obtained by calibration with experimental data.

Simplified LBB Guidance: Stage 1 — Development of a New Software Tool and Initial Scoping Calculations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Gill ◽  
John Sharples ◽  
Chris Aird
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Design Rules ◽  
Inner Radius ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Leak Before Break

This study is focussed on establishing more simplified Leak-before-Break (LbB) guidance for inclusion into Section III.11 of the R6 procedure. The approach adopted has involved the development of a universal software tool for LbB simplified assessments which can be used to perform initial scoping calculations to demonstrate typical LbB cases. It is envisaged that this simplified methodology will enable plant assessment engineers to be more informed on which sites on plant are likely to have LbB successfully applied and to be able to undertake LbB assessments in a more simplistic way than is currently available. Using the developed software tool, a range of LbB calculations for different cracks and loading conditions have been performed to provide guidance on where LbB is more likely to be applied on plant. Loading conditions include primary and secondary stresses, where through-wall changes have been accounted for. The pipe geometries included in this study have been defined by the inner radius and the wall thickness, calculated by minimum pipe thickness required according to meet the design rules of ASME III. The pipe inner radius varies from 40mm to 200mm (80mm to 400mm inner diameter (ID)). All pipe outer diameters are less than 0.5m. All cracks considered in this study are through-wall and circumferential. Pipe material properties are chosen to be broadly representative of an Austenitic Stainless Steel, where the fracture toughness varies from 100 to 180MPa√m and the yield stress is 150MPa.

Developing Response Functions for Crack Opening Displacement to Calculate Leak-Rates Through Complex Cracks in Pipes With Weld Overlays

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arindam Chakraborty ◽  
Wasimreza Momin ◽  
Angah Miessi ◽  
Peihua Jing ◽  
Haiyang Qian
Keyword(s):  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Crack Opening ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Flaw Size ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Response Functions ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Alloy 690 ◽  
Complex Crack

Leak-Before-Break (LBB) is employed in design of nuclear power reactor piping to eliminate consideration of the dynamic effects of pipe rupture from the plant design basis for the affected piping system. LBB cannot be applied if environmental conditions that could lead to degradation by stress corrosion cracking exists. For Alloy 600/82/182 dissimilar metal welds (DMW) in pressurized water reactor plants, primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC) is found to be active. Application of weld overlay (WOL) of non-susceptible Alloy 690/52/152 material has been shown to mitigate PWSCC growth in DMW. Therefore, LBB can be considered for a DMW with Alloy 690/52/152 overlay. However, WOL sizing design postulates a complex crack which is through wall in the overlay material and part through or full circumferential in the DMW base material. This significantly reduces the critical flaw size and in turn the maximum allowable flaw size for leak rate. The current industry practice conservatively ignores the full circumferential crack in the original pipe material and assumes a through wall crack along the entire pipe thickness. This assumptions leads to significantly reduced leakage due to smaller crack opening. The problem becomes more critical with small diameter pipes. The current work calculates the crack opening displacements (CODs) for a pipe with complex crack. Since it is a function of several geometry and materials parameters, response functions are generated to calculate CODs.

scholarly journals Frictional Characteristics of the Newer Low-friction Elastomeric Ligatures

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Amol Mhatre ◽  
VK Ravindranath ◽  
Sachin Doshi ◽  
Girish Karandikar ◽  
PS Vivek
Keyword(s):  
Testing Machine ◽  
Frictional Resistance ◽  
Minimal Amount ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
New Generation

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the efficiency of the new generation of elastomeric ligatures with innovative designs (SlideTM and AlastiKTM Easy-to-Tie) in reducing frictional resistance (FR) during sliding mechanics as compared with conventional ligatures. Materials and Methods Sixty ligature samples divided into four groups were used for the study. Group A: QuiK-StiK™ (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA), Group B: AlastiK™ Easy-to-Tie (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA), Group C: Slide™ (Leone, Firenze, Italy), and Group D: SS ligatures 0.010” (Libral Traders, New Delhi, India). Universal Testing Machine, Instron was used for measuring FR at the bracket-wire interface. Results There was statistically significant difference in FR among all the four groups of ligatures tested (p < 0.001). Slide ligatures produced the least amount of FR followed by SS ligatures, Easy-to-Tie, and QuiK-StiK in the increasing order of the FR values registered. Conclusion SlideTM ligatures may represent a valid alternative to passive self-ligating brackets when minimal amount of friction is desired. Angulation introduced into the elastomeric ligatures reduces the friction in comparison to conventional elastomeric ligatures. How to cite this article Vivek PS, Ravindranath VK, Karandikar G, Doshi S, Mhatre A, Sonawane M. Frictional Characteristics of the Newer Low-friction Elastomeric Ligatures. J Contemp Dent 2016;6(1):19-23.

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