Aluminum Drill Pipe Fatigue Analysis

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Farias Miscow ◽  
Joa˜o Carlos Ribeiro Pla´cido ◽  
Paulo Emi´lio Valada˜o de Miranda ◽  
Theodoro Antoun Netto
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Crack Nucleation ◽  
Drill Pipe ◽  
Drill String ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Horizontal Section ◽  
Steel Drill ◽  
Drill Pipes

While drilling extended reach wells, the weight per foot of the drill string is a critical design parameter that can limit the depth to be reached. One practical solution is the use of drill pipes made of alternative materials to the conventional steel drill pipes. The most direct options are titanium and aluminum. Titanium is in general impaired due to its high cost, although the titanium alloy Ti-6Al4V has already been used in the airplane industry. More recently, Russia has been manufacturing drill pipes using aluminum alloys of the system Al-Cu-Mg, similar to alloys 2024, also used in airplanes. These pipes present a reasonable commercial cost. Drill pipe fatigue damage occurs under cyclic loading conditions due to, for instance, rotation in curved sections of the well. Failures caused by crack nucleation and propagation are one of the highest risks to the structural integrity of these pipes. Usually, failure mechanisms develop in the transition region of the tool joint. Several mechanical and metallurgical factors affect the fatigue life of drill pipes. The former are mainly geometric discontinuities such as transition zones, pits and slip marks. The latter are related to the size and distribution of crystalline grains, phases and second phase particles (inclusions). In this study, the roles played by both factors in the fatigue life of drill pipes are studied through an experimental test program. The fundamental fatigue mechanisms are investigated via laboratory tests in small-scale coupons performed in an opto-mechanical fatigue apparatus. Additionally, full-scale fatigue testes on three aluminum drill pipes were performed. The pipes tested are being used in the horizontal section of some extended reach wells in the Northeast of Brazil.

Drill Pipe Fatigue Analysis: Full Size Apparatus and Coupon Tests

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joa˜o Carlos Ribeiro Pla´cido ◽  
Guilherme F. Miscow ◽  
Paulo E. V. de Miranda ◽  
Theodoro A. Netto
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Crack Nucleation ◽  
Drill Pipe ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Transition Zones ◽  
Second Phase Particles ◽  
Geometric Discontinuities ◽  
Drill Pipes

Drill pipe fatigue damage occurs under cyclic loading conditions due to, for instance, rotation in curved sections of the well. Failures caused by crack nucleation and propagation are one of the highest risks to the structural integrity of these pipes. Usually, failure mechanisms develop in the transition region of the tool joint. Several mechanical and metallurgical factors affect the fatigue life of drill pipes. The former are mainly geometric discontinuities such as transition zones, pits and slip marks. The latter are related to the size and distribution of crystalline grains, phases and second phase particles (inclusions). In this study, the roles played by both factors in the fatigue life of drill pipes are studied through an extensive experimental test program. To this end, a fatigue simulator was designed and built to test full-scale drill pipes under rotating cyclic bending and constant tension loading. Additionally, the fundamental fatigue mechanisms are investigated via laboratory tests in small-scale coupons. These tests were performed in an opto-mechanical fatigue apparatus that was specially designed to perform in-situ real time monitoring surface analysis during the experiments.

scholarly journals Study on mechanical properties of titanium alloy drill pipe and application technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
pp. 02021
Author(s):  
Xiaoyong Yang ◽  
Shichun Chen ◽  
Qiang Feng ◽  
Wenhua Zhang ◽  
Yue Wang
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Drill Pipe ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Drill String ◽  
Curvature Radius ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Steel Drill ◽  
Buildup Rate

With the increasing intensity of oil and gas field exploration and development, oil and gas wells are also drilling into deeper and more complex formations. Conventional steel drilling tools can no longer meet the requirements of ultra-deep, high-temperature and high-pressure wells. The paper first analyzes the advantages of titanium alloy drill pipe based on basic performance of titanium alloy drill pipe. The experimental results show that the basic properties of titanium alloy drill pipes meet the operating standards of the petroleum industry. Then the buckling performance of titanium alloy drill pipe and steel drill pipe is compared, the calculation results show that the buckling performance of titanium alloy drill tools is slightly lower than that of steel drill tools. Secondly, the maximum allowable buildup rate of titanium alloy drill pipe and steel drill tool is studied. The research shows that under the same condition of the drill pipe outer diameter, titanium alloy drill pipe can be used for a smaller curvature radius and greater buildup rate. This advantage of titanium alloy drill pipe makes it more suitable for short radius and ultra-short radius wells. Finally, taking a shale gas horizontal well as an example, with the goal of reducing drill string friction and ensuring drill string stability, a comparative study on the application of titanium alloy drill pipe and steel drill pipe is carried out. The results show that titanium alloy drill pipe has a wider application in the field, and is suitable for operations under various complex working conditions.

Fatigue Life Prediction of Buckling String with Cracks in Horizontal Wells of Mining Engineering

2012 ◽  
Vol 577 ◽  
pp. 127-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Wang ◽  
Tie Yan ◽  
Xue Liang Bi ◽  
Shi Hui Sun
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Life Prediction ◽  
Horizontal Well ◽  
Drill Pipe ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Drill String ◽  
Fatigue Life Prediction ◽  
Mining Engineering ◽  
Life Prediction Model

Fatigue damage in the rotating drill pipe in the horizontal well of mining engineering is usually resulted from cyclic bending stresses caused by the rotation of the pipe especially when it is passing through curved sections or horizontal sections. This paper studies fatigue life prediction method of rotating drill pipe which is considering initial crack in horizontal well of mining engineering. Forman fatigue life prediction model which considering stress ratio is used to predict drill string fatigue life and the corresponding software has been written. The program can be used to calculate the stress of down hole assembly, can predict stress and alternating load in the process of rotating-on bottom. Therefore, establishing buckling string fatigue life prediction model with cracks can be a good reference to both operation and monitor of the drill pipe for mining engineering.

Atomic Force And Scanning Electron Microscopy Of Corrosion And Fatigue Of An Aluminum-Copper Alloy

1995 ◽  
Vol 409 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kowal ◽  
J. DeLuccia ◽  
J.Y. Josefowicz ◽  
C. Laird ◽  
G.C. Farrington
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Crack Nucleation ◽  
Mechanical Deformation ◽  
Simultaneous Action ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Corrosive Environment ◽  
Intergranular Cracking ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Persistent Slip Bands

AbstractThe morphological features of 2024-T3 aluminum alloy were delineated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) during separate and combined actions of corrosion and fatigue.In-situ AFM corrosion studies in hydrochloric acid environments without mechanical deformation showed accelerated dissolution in the vicinity of second phase precipitates leading to intergranular corrosion. During fatigue in air, AFM images revealed steps along grain boundaries, as well as parallel extrusions and intrusions during the early stages of fatigue life. At later stages of mechanical deformation persistent slip bands (PSBs) were observed on the sample's surface. Cracks were observed to nucleate and propagate along PSBs. For experiments where samples were subjected to the simultaneous action of a corrosive environment and mechanical deformation, intergranular cracking was observed during the early stages of fatigue life. The corrosive environment was observed to accelerate the crack nucleation process.

Friction Considerations in Rotary Shouldered Threaded Connections

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalin Teodoriu ◽  
Herschel McDonald ◽  
Charles Bollfrass
Keyword(s):  
Drill Pipe ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Drill String ◽  
Directional Drilling ◽  
Frictional Properties ◽  
Threaded Connections ◽  
Safety Margins ◽  
Drill Pipes ◽  
Drilling Conditions ◽  
First Time

The new connection designs introduced by the drill pipe manufacturers (double shoulder connections, intelligent drill pipes or any new design for increased torque resistance) make the use of the Farr formula for calculating proper assembly torque more problematic. Additionally, severe drilling conditions like HPHT, directional drilling and extreme environments are affecting critical thread compound performance properties, which can make it impossible to attain the optimum makeup torque for the connection. The new drilling conditions are exposing the drill string components to higher loads and consequently reduce the safety margins. Since the makeup process is the only way to control and achieve the maximum tool joint loading capacity, it becomes important to understand the effect of friction on optimum makeup torque calculation. This paper presents a modified equation for optimum makeup torque calculation by using the latest research on thread compound frictional properties. Also, the thread compound lubrication mechanism will be explained. For the first time the thread turn load will be related to the optimum makeup torque. The paper will also explain why there is a need for a new API standard for determining thread compound frictional properties. The formula developed herein, based on experimental results, demonstrates that the newly introduced overall factor may differentiate between used and new connections.

Application, Calculation and Experimental Evaluation of SCF for Aluminum Drill Pipe With Steel Connector

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vadim Tikhonov ◽  
Alexander Kultsep ◽  
Rudolf Alikin ◽  
Mikhail Gelfgat ◽  
Vladimir Basovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Drill Pipe ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Steel Tool ◽  
Friction Factors ◽  
Bending Load ◽  
Drill Pipes

Aluminum alloys are among the most promising materials for manufacture of drill pipes for deepwater and ultra-deepwater drilling in corrosive environment. Aluminum drill pipes are made with steel tool-joints to increase the number of connection makings-and-breakings. One of the major concerns of aluminum drill pipe operation in deepwater complex profile wells is the fatigue of their connection. This paper presents the results of study of fatigue properties of aluminum alloy 1953T1 Light Alloy Drill Pipes of Improved Dependability (LAIDP) 147×13 mm that are most extensively used in Russia. During assembly, the pin and box of steel tool-joint are heated and screwed on the tubular ends. After cooling, this assembly provides a reliable permanent connection. The study includes experimental determination of the S-N curve of small-scale specimens of aluminum tubular, FEA of the connection with the SCF determined and fatigue testing of the full-scale LAIDP connection. FEA is based on 3D model. The material properties of tubular are modeled as elastic-plastic. The distribution of hot-assembly stresses is considered in detail. Alternating bending load is applied by several semi-cycles. The results of analysis of Stress Concentration Factor (SCF) at various axial loads, bending moment ranges, friction factors of contact surfaces and interference of connection are given. Full-scale fatigue testing of connection specimen is carried out to verify the results of analysis.

scholarly journals Signal Transmission Capability Improvement of a Telemetry Drill String Using the Reflected Signal at the Transmission Line Termination

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Jia Jia ◽  
Yinao Su ◽  
Yue Shen ◽  
Gaixing Hu ◽  
Lingtan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Drill Pipe ◽  
Drill String ◽  
Transmission Characteristic ◽  
Electromagnetic Parameters ◽  
Drill Pipes ◽  
Reflected Signal ◽  
Transmission Capability

A telemetry drill string system consists of a string of wired drill pipes, and high-frequency signals pass the adjacent drill pipes through inductive couplers. Such a system is used to upload downhole information at high data transmission rates for measurements while drilling (MWD). Since the signal energy attenuates greatly in the system, many repeaters must be provided to ensure signal transmission. A reduction in the signal transmission in a telemetry drill string can extend the relay distance and improve the reliability of the transmission system. In this study, the transmission characteristic of the rod of the wired drill pipe is studied using transmission line theory, and the transmission characteristic of the inductive coupler is studied using high-frequency circuit theory. Using impedance matching between the transmission line of the rod and the inductive coupler, external impedance compensation elements, including a capacitor and a resistor, are recommended, and the electromagnetic parameters of the wired drill pipe are determined. Based on the determined electromagnetic parameters, certain changes in the external impedance compensation capacitance and resistance can lead to impedance mismatch between the transmission line and the inductive coupler. This will generate a reflected signal at the transmission line, and the vector superposes with the transmitted signal. The terminal reflection coefficient of the transmission line is controlled by increasing the compensation resistance value to enhance the signal amplitude, which can compensate the transmission loss when passing through the inductive coupler to a certain extent. Thus, the signal transmission capability of the telemetry drill string can be improved, allowing for long-distance signal transmission or drastically extending the relay distance, while maintaining a certain channel bandwidth.

scholarly journals Release of the stuck drill string by the method of frictional self-oscillations

2018 ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
K. H. Levchuk
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Drill Pipe ◽  
Drill String ◽  
Smoothing Method ◽  
Velocity Change ◽  
Friction Forces ◽  
Elimination Process ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Drill Pipes

The mechanism of generation of forces, holding the drill pipes in case sludge sedimentation, caving in and collapse, as well as buckling and flow of plastic rocks, formation of oil seals was described. The modern ideas about friction forces were reviewed. A mathematical model of frictional self-oscillations for release a stuck drill string was developed. The necessity of application a vibration smoothing method of generating self-oscillations during emergency was substantiated. Using the computer program, parametric calculations of velocity change of the stuck drill pipe release were made. The author conducted numerical studies of the drilling line speed impact and oscillator frequency on the efficiency the sticking elimination process.

scholarly journals Methodology for Studying the Wear of Drill Pipe Threads during Repeated Making up and Holding under Load

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-20
Author(s):  
V. A. Yakhimovich ◽  
A. B. Breki ◽  
A. A. Alkhimenko ◽  
M. K. Kurakin ◽  
D. V. Lyashenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Drill Pipe ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Torque Sensor ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Tightening Torque ◽  
Steel Drill ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Drill Pipes

Purpose of reseach is to develop a methodology for studying the wear of drill pipe threads during repeated making up and holding under load. Methods. For the research, stand “IRS-1” was used. This stand is a device for creating a torque of up to 80 kNm and transferring it to a made-up pipe. It is equipped with a make-up torque sensor and a control system that performs make-up until the specified tightening torque is achieved or periodically applies the torque to the made-up thread pair. The test procedure for IRS-1 stand consists of the following sequence of actions: before starting the tests, the threaded protectors are removed; the threads on the nipple and sleeve are cleaned of the preservative grease and traces of corrosion by dry wiping and subsequent degreasing; the thread on the nipple is measured according to the measurement chart using a gauge. The gauge is made on the basis of the threaded surface impression and is a plate with cutouts in the form of a cross-section of four threads. The gap between the gauge and the thread is measured using a set of probes from 0.01 to 0.09 mm in increments of 0.01 mm, over 0.1 mm to 0.45 mm in increments of 0.05 mm, over 0.5 mm to 1 mm in increments of 0.1 mm. Results. A new tribotechnical stand of IRS-1 model was designed and created, which allows implementing various techniques for studying the wear of drill pipe threads during repeated making-up and holding under load. An important feature of the designed stand is a make-up torque sensor and a control system that perform make-up until the specified tightening torque is achieved or periodically applies the torque to the made-up threaded pair. The maximum torque generated by the stand is 80 kNm. A particular technique was developed. The technique includes the requirements of the API 7G-2 standard and has shown its effectiveness in the study of thread wear of steel drill pipes. To implement the technique, a special gauge was developed on the basis of the threaded surface impression and is a plate with cutouts in the form of a cross-section of four threads. Within this technique, a measurement chart with two selected measurement areas was developed. An algorithm for making up a pipe at a uniform speed was created. The algorithm includes three stages. There was developed an algorithm of measurements using reference marks, providing measurements at four points in each selected area. Conclusion. The results obtained can be used to create resource-saving technologies for processing ingot, powder, and nanocomposite materials with different dispersion of phase and structural components that are operated under extreme conditions and states.

Experimental and Numerical Evaluations of Aluminum Drill Pipes Under Cyclic Loads

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Igor Lourenc¸o ◽  
Theodoro A. Netto ◽  
Neilon S. Silva ◽  
Paulo Emi´lio Valada˜o de Miranda ◽  
Joa˜o Carloes Ribeiro Pla´cido
Keyword(s):  
Drill Pipe ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Strain Stress ◽  
Drill Pipes ◽  
Aluminum Pipe ◽  
Tool Joint ◽  
Joint Assembly

Experimental program and numerical analyses were carried out to investigate the fatigue mechanisms of aluminum drill pipes designed and manufactured in compliance with ISO 15546. Material mechanical properties, including S-N curve, were determined through small-scale tests on specimens cut from actual drill pipes. Full-scale experiments were also performed in laboratory. Initially, the tool-joint assembly procedure was actually performed to monitor the resulting strain/stress level in selected points of the aluminum pipe. Three full-scale aluminum drill pipe specimens were then fatigue tested under combined cyclic bending and constant axial tension. In parallel, a finite element model of the tool-joint region, where two drill pipe specimens failed in the fatigue tests, was developed. The model was first used to reproduce the tool-joint assembly. Then, the physical experiments were simulated numerically in order to obtain the actual stress distribution in this region. Good correlation between full-scale and small-scale fatigue tests was obtained by adjusting the strain/stress levels monitored in the full-scale tests in light of the numerical simulations.

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