Development of an Oxygen “Metabolizer” to Control Oxygen Levels in the Closed Cabin of Submarine Rescue Vehicles

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Nuckols ◽  
K. W. VanZandt
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Toxicity ◽  
Concept Development ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Excess Oxygen ◽  
Face Seal ◽  
Catalytic Reactor ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Compressed Gas ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
The Face

The U.S. Navy is committed to maintaining the capability of rescuing survivors from a disabled submarine, including situations where the disabled submarine becomes internally pressurized due to flooding, leakage of compressed gas supplies, or through use of auxiliary breathing systems. Efficient submarine rescue requires that pressurized crewmembers be decompressed more rapidly than current decompression procedures allow when using air. The Navy Experimental Diving Unit in Panama City, FL has shown that crew decompression can be accelerated significantly by pre-breathing oxygen. Unfortunately, such oxygen pre-breathing can result in oxygen buildup in the cabin atmospheres of the submarine, and/or rescue chamber through leakage around the face seal of the oxygen masks. High levels of oxygen can create hazardous conditions within the cabin atmosphere due to fire potential and/or oxygen toxicity concerns. This paper addresses the concept development of an oxygen “metabolizer” using a hydrogen catalytic reactor to consume excess oxygen within the closed cabin atmosphere of a rescue vehicle. Such a catalytic reactor has also been shown to give an effective method of reducing the level of oxygen in diver breath heating and diver whole-body heating systems.

II. The Question of God in the Struggle for Racial Justice

Horizons ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-194
Author(s):  
Christopher Pramuk
Keyword(s):  
Human Freedom ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Racial Justice ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face

In March 1943, having narrowly escaped Europe three years earlier, Abraham Joshua Heschel published “The Meaning of This War,” his first essay in an American publication. The essay shows, quite remarkably, his full command of literary English. It also shows, as biographer Edward Kaplan remarks, that Heschel “had found his militant voice.” “Emblazoned over the gates of the world in which we live,” the essay begins, “is the escutcheon of the demons. The mark of Cain in the face of man has come to overshadow the likeness of God. There have never been so much guilt and distress, agony and terror. At no time has the earth been so soaked with blood.” Heschel's extraordinary life's witness, his whole body of work, traverses precisely this anthropological and theological knife's edge: The mark of Cain in the face of man has come to overshadow the likeness of God. Where is God? Or better, Who is God? in relation to the rapacious misuse and idolatrous distortion of human freedom? Or simply, Is God?

The Goddess on Wheels: Maria R. Palacios

Sexualities ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-349
Author(s):  
Maricela DeMirjyn
Keyword(s):  
Women Of Color ◽  
Mission Statement ◽  
Narrative Research ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
The Face ◽  
Embodied Subjectivity ◽  
Performance Project ◽  
Sexuality And Disability

This article discusses the performance work by disability activist, Maria R. Palacios who is a Latina feminist writer, poet and spoken word performer. Using narrative inquiry as a method of investigation, performances by Palacios are analyzed within the context of sexuality and disability studies. Specific performances are reviewed under the framework of the nonprofit organization Sins Invalid: An Unshamed Claim to Beauty in the Face of Invisibility, and include the following pieces by Palacios: Maria Full of Sin (2008), Testimony (2009), Hunger (2009), My Sexy Disability (2010) and Vagina Manifesto (2009). As a performance project, Sins Invalid notes in its mission statement that its ‘performance work explores the themes of sexuality, embodiment and the disabled body’, and the performances are designed to inspire visions of beauty and sexuality that disrupt heteronormative, as well as ableist, paradigms. A portion of this work will be centered on the Sins Invalid website focusing on entries in the form of blog postings dedicated to the performances by Palacios. Additionally, her autobiographic and culturally focused spoken word pieces and poems, such as Making Love to Woman in a Wheelchair (2007), will be thematically analyzed regarding her embodied subjectivity as a sexualized and self-identified disabled Latina. In conclusion, an examination of how performance, in conjunction with narrative research, provides a critical lens regarding visibility and the embodiment of dis/abled women of color for future studies is shared.

Effects of Face Mask Use on Objective and Subjective Measures of Thermoregulation During Exercise in the Heat

2021 ◽  
pp. 194173812110282
Author(s):  
Ayami Yoshihara ◽  
Erin E. Dierickx ◽  
Gabrielle J. Brewer ◽  
Yasuki Sekiguchi ◽  
Rebecca L. Stearns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Moderate Exercise ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Time Points ◽  
The Face ◽  
And Control ◽  
Moderate Exercise Intensity

Background: While increased face mask use has helped reduce COVID-19 transmission, there have been concerns about its influence on thermoregulation during exercise in the heat, but consistent, evidence-based recommendations are lacking. Hypothesis: No physiological differences would exist during low-to-moderate exercise intensity in the heat between trials with and without face masks, but perceptual sensations could vary. Study Design: Crossover study. Level of Evidence: Level 2. Methods: Twelve physically active participants (8 male, 4 female; age = 24 ± 3 years) completed 4 face mask trials and 1 control trial (no mask) in the heat (32.3°C ± 0.04°C; 54.4% ± 0.7% relative humidity [RH]). The protocol was 60 minutes of walking and jogging between 35% and 60% of relative VO2max. Rectal temperature (Trec), heart rate (HR), temperature and humidity inside and outside of the face mask (Tmicro_in, Tmicro_out, RHmicro_in, RHmicro_out) and perceptual variables (rating of perceived exertion (RPE), thermal sensation, thirst sensation, fatigue level, and overall breathing discomfort) were monitored throughout all trials. Results: Mean Trec and HR increased at 30- and 60-minute time points compared with 0-minute time points, but no difference existed between face mask trials and control trials ( P > 0.05). Mean Tmicro_in, RHmicro_in, and humidity difference inside and outside of the face mask (ΔRHmicro) were significantly different between face mask trials ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in perceptual variables between face mask trials and control trials ( P > 0.05), except overall breathing discomfort ( P < 0.01). Higher RHmicro_in, RPE, and thermal sensation significantly predicted higher overall breathing discomfort ( r2 = 0.418; P < 0.01). Conclusion: Face mask use during 60 minutes of low-to-moderate exercise intensity in the heat did not significantly affect Trec or HR. Although face mask use may affect overall breathing discomfort due to the changes in the face mask microenvironment, face mask use itself did not cause an increase in whole body thermal stress. Clinical Relevance: Face mask use is feasible and safe during exercise in the heat, at low-to-moderate exercise intensities, for physically active, healthy individuals.

Numerical Analysis of Dry Gas Face Seals With Spiral Groove and Inner Annular Groove

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu-Dong Peng ◽  
Li-Li Tan ◽  
Ji-Yun Li ◽  
Song-En Sheng ◽  
Shao-Xian Bai
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Equation ◽  
Geometric Parameters ◽  
Axial Stiffness ◽  
Face Seal ◽  
Optimization Principle ◽  
Face Seals ◽  
The Face ◽  
Gas Face Seal ◽  
Film Stiffness ◽  
Spiral Grooves

A two-dimensional Reynolds equation was established for isothermal compressible gas between the two faces of a dry gas face seal with both spiral grooves and an inner annular groove onto the hard face. The opening force, the leakage rate, the axial film stiffness and the film stiffness to leakage ratio were calculated by finite element method. The comparisons with the sealing performances of a typical gas face seal only with spiral grooves onto its hard face were made. The effects of the face geometric parameters on the static behavior of such a seal were analyzed. The optimization principle for geometric parameters of a dry gas face seals with spiral grooves and an inner annular groove was presented. The recommended geometric parameters of spiral grooves and circular groove presented by optimization can ensure larger axial stiffness while lower leakage rates.

Dynamic failure analysis of static seals under pressure fluctuation in an ultrahigh-pressure water piston pump

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440622110520
Author(s):  
Qian Cheng ◽  
Yinshui Liu ◽  
Zhenyao Wang ◽  
Defa Wu ◽  
Yunxiang Ma
Keyword(s):  
Element Model ◽  
Piston Pump ◽  
Ultrahigh Pressure ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Seal Ring ◽  
Face Seal ◽  
Dynamic Failure ◽  
Rubber Material ◽  
The Face ◽  
Sealing Ring

For ultrahigh-pressure piston pumps, in the reciprocating action of the piston, the fretting between the static face seal and the mating surface occurs with the change of the pressure in the piston chamber. This phenomenon will seriously affect the service life of the seal ring and lead to the failure of the pump. However, the failure of static seals used to seal ultrahigh-pressures is usually studied from the directions of shear, stress, or rubber material. These studies cannot explain the failure phenomenon of the sealing ring found in our experiment. This paper analyzed the failure of the face seal ring in a piston pump with a maximum pressure of 120 MPa. A two-dimensional axisymmetric finite element model was established based on the Mooney-Rivlin constitutive relation of the rubber material, and the fretting conditions of the sealing ring were analyzed. Combined with the wear scars observed by the scanning electron microscope the face seal ring’s dynamic failure mechanism on the ultrahigh-pressure piston pump was determined. A better sealing scheme was proposed and verified by the duration test of the pump, which provided a basis for the design of the sealing of the ultrahigh-pressure fluid with high-frequency fluctuations.

Abstract 15813: Loss-of-Function Mutation in Toll-Like Receptor 4 Partially Protects Against Peripheral and Cardiac Insulin Resistance During a Long-Term High-Fat Diet

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Jackson ◽  
Elizabeth Rendina-Ruedy ◽  
Matt Priest ◽  
Brenda Smith ◽  
Veronique Lacombe
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Glucose Transport ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
High Fat ◽  
The Face ◽  
Tlr4 Activation

Diabetes mellitus is an epidemic disease characterized by alterations in glucose transport, which is tightly regulated by a family of specialized proteins called the glucose transporters (GLUTs). Although diabetic cardiomyopathy is a common complication in diabetic patients, its pathogenesis is still not well understood. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, which plays a central role in pathogen recognition by the innate immune system, may also play a critical role in linking inflammation and metabolic disease. We hypothesized that TLR4 activation triggers cardiac insulin resistance. We used mice with a loss-of function mutation in TLR4 (C3H/HeJ) and age-matched wild-type (WT, C57BL/6N) mice (n=8/group) to investigate how feeding a high-fat diet (HFD, 60% kcal from fat) for 16 weeks affected whole-body and cardiac glucose metabolism. After 16 weeks, WT mice fed a HFD were obese and developed hyperglycemia and insulin resistance compared to WT mice on a control diet (10% kcal from fat). The C3H/HeJ mice were partially protected against HFD-induced obesity and insulin resistance. In the heart, WT mice fed a HFD had a 30% decrease (P<0.05) in GLUT4 protein content as measured by Western Blot of cardiac crude membrane protein extracts. In contrast, the loss-of-function point mutation in TLR4 partially rescued cardiac GLUT4 content in the face of a HFD. Interestingly, there was a 40% increase (P<0.05) in the novel GLUT isoform, GLUT8, in the heart when mice of either genotype were fed a HFD. Additionally, GLUT4 protein content was negatively (P<0.05) correlated with GLUT8 content in the myocardium, suggesting that GLUT8 may act as a compensatory mechanism in the face of HFD-induced GLUT4 downregulation. Phosphorylated Akt, a key protein of the insulin signaling pathway, was positively (P<0.05) correlated with GLUT4 content, while the basal/inactive form was negatively correlated. In conclusion, these data suggest that activation of TLR4 activation during diabetes and obesity alters glucose transport by an Akt mechanism, and as such is a pathogenic factor during peripheral and cardiac insulin resistance. Overall, TLR4 appears to be a key modulator in the cross-talk between inflammatory and metabolic pathways, as well as a potential therapeutic target for diabetes.

scholarly journals Ép és mozgásukban korlátozott kajakos sportolók biomechanikai mozgáselemzése és összehasonlító vizsgálata

2019 ◽  
Vol 160 (52) ◽  
pp. 2061-2066
Author(s):  
Bernadett Kertészné Német ◽  
Tamás Terebessy ◽  
Zoltán Bejek
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Mass Range ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Height Range ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Age Range

Abstract: Introduction: During kayaking, the whole body works in a perfect harmony. While the trunk is doing a rotation, flexion-extension helps to the upper limb to create a special cyclic paddle. The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of the physical disabled (later disabled) person’s kayaking motions and to probe whether there were any significant differences between disabled and non-disabled kayakers with special focus on the use of footrest. We hypothesised significantly different ranges of motion and muscle activity in lower limbs but no significant differences in those of the upper limbs. Aim: Our goal was to know more about the abled and disbled kayaking and compare the athlete’s kayaking movements. Method: Thirteen (n = 13) elite disabled athletes (age range: 18–40 years, height range: 164–194 cm, body mass range:74–93 kg), eleven (n = 11) elite non-disabled athletes (age range: 18–40 years, height range:172–197 cm, body mass range: 72–96 kg) and nine (n = 9) athletes whose movements were artificially limited to imitate disabled conditions(“imitation disabled” group) (age range: 18–40 years, height range: 172–197 cm, body mass range: 72–96 kg) were measured. Weba sport kayak ergometer, surface electromyography (EMG), and a 3-dimensional Vicon (MX T40) camera system were used to record the data, and a combined Matlab and MS Excel system was used to analyse the results. Results: In line with our basic assumption, range of motion of the upper limbs was not significantly different between disabled athletes and non-disabled athletes (p ≥ 0.05). However, muscle activities were significantly different in the disabled group compared to the non-disabled group (p ≤ 0.05). In the disabled group the knee joint and trunk motions and muscle activities were also significantly different compared to those in the non-disabled group (p ≤ 0.05). The differences in performance force applied to both footrests and force were significant (p ≤ 0.05). Discussion: The assumption that shoulder and elbow ranges of motion were not significantly different in disabled athletes compared to non-disabled athletes was proven. However, muscle activities were significantly different in the disabled group. In the disabled group, knee and trunk motions and muscle activities were also significantly different compared to the non-disabled group. Significant differences were found in performance, force and footrest use. Our results proved our assumption that motions and muscle activities of disabled and non-disabled athletes were significantly different. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(52): 2061–2066.

scholarly journals Evidence for sparse C-tactile afferent innervation of glabrous human hand skin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger H Watkins ◽  
Mariama Dione ◽  
Rochelle Ackerley ◽  
Helena Backlund Wasling ◽  
Johan Wessberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Firing Frequency ◽  
Glabrous Skin ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Human Hand ◽  
Hairy Skin ◽  
Ct Afferents ◽  
Touch Perception ◽  
The Face ◽  
Nerve Recordings ◽  
Future Work

C-tactile (CT) afferents were long-believed to be lacking in humans, but were subsequently shown to densely innervate the face and arm skin, and to a lesser extent the leg. Their firing frequency to stroking touch at different velocities has been correlated with ratings of tactile pleasantness. CT afferents were thought to be absent in human glabrous skin; however, tactile pleasantness can be perceived across the whole body, including glabrous hand skin. We used microneurography to investigate mechanoreceptive afferents in the glabrous skin of the human hand, during median and radial nerve recordings. We describe CTs found in the glabrous skin, with comparable characteristics to those in hairy arm skin, and detail recordings from three such afferents. CTs were infrequently encountered in the glabrous skin and we estimate that the ratio of recorded CTs relative to myelinated mechanoreceptors (1:80) corresponds to an absolute innervation density of around 7 times lower than in hairy skin. This sparse innervation sheds light on discrepancies between psychophysical findings of touch perception on glabrous skin and hairy skin, although the role of these CT afferents in the glabrous skin remains subject to future work.

Proteolysis in skeletal muscle and whole body in response to euglycemic hyperinsulinemia in normal adults

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (6) ◽  
pp. E809-E814 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Denne ◽  
E. A. Liechty ◽  
Y. M. Liu ◽  
G. Brechtel ◽  
A. D. Baron
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
The Face ◽  
Normal Adults

To simultaneously assess the relative antiproteolytic effect of insulin on both skeletal muscle and in the whole body, phenylalanine rates of appearance (Ra; reflecting proteolysis) were measured across the leg (reflecting skeletal muscle) and in the whole body, utilizing a constant tracer infusion of [2H5]phenylalanine in the basal state and during euglycemic hyperinsulinemia (2,600 microU/ml) in seven normal adults. Phenylalanine Ra in the leg was significantly decreased during hyperinsulinemia (6.11 +/- 0.83 vs 3.59 +/- 0.70 mumol/min, P less than 0.001). In contrast, leg phenylalanine rate of utilization (Rd) was not significantly changed (4.88 +/- 0.77 vs. 3.86 +/- 0.92 mumol/min). Phenylalanine Ra in the whole body was significantly decreased during hyperinsulinemia (49.4 +/- 2.2 vs. 41.9 +/- 2.3 mumol/min, P less than 0.001). However, phenylalanine release was suppressed to a significantly greater degree in release was suppressed to a significantly greater degree in the leg than in the whole body during hyperinsulinemia (43 +/- 7 vs. 15 +/- 2%, P less than 0.01). These results suggest that insulin suppresses proteolysis in the whole body and in skeletal muscle, even in the face of hypoaminoacidemia. In addition, the substantially greater degree of suppression of proteolysis by insulin in skeletal muscle compared with the whole body suggests that, at least under these conditions, insulin may have a greater antiproteolytic effect on skeletal muscle compared with other tissues.

scholarly journals DISABILITY, STATUS ENHANCEMENT, PERSONAL ENHANCEMENT AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Material Environment ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
The Face ◽  
Scarcity Of Resources ◽  
Status Enhancement

It often appears that the most appropriate form of addressing disadvantage related to disability is through policies that can be called “status enhancements”: changes to the social, cultural and material environment so that the difficulties experienced by those with impairments are reduced, even eradicated. However, status enhancements can also have their limitations. This paper compares the relative merits of policies of status enhancement and “personal enhancement”: changes to the disabled person. It then takes up the question of how to assess the priority of the claims of disabled people in the face of scarcity of resources for which there can be many competing social claims, arguing for the theory of “declustering disadvantage”.

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