Nanotechnology Based Point-of-Care Diagnostics and Therapeutics for Neurological Disorders

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay K. Varadan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Point Of Care Diagnostics ◽  
Fundamental Research

This talk is aimed at presenting novel solutions developed recently by the author’s group for many neurological disorders including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, depression, anxiety, sleep apnea and sleep disorders using the fundamental research and developments in nanotechnologies and wireless sensor network. Point-of-care (POC) diagnostics promises to bring diagnostic testing out of the laboratory directly to patients and the general public wherever they may be. The key to POC diagnostics is capable of bringing immediate answers so that health care professionals can make rapid and accurate diagnosis of disease so as to ensure the effectiveness of therapy and early detection for preventive therapy. Selected movies illustrating the applications of both invasive and non-invasive wireless nanosensor systems to patients and surgical procedures will be shown at the talk.

scholarly journals An Update on Advances in COVID-19 Laboratory Diagnosis and Testing Guidelines in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Suhail Sayeed Mufti ◽  
Vinu Sarathy ◽  
Diganta Hazarika ◽  
Radheshyam Naik
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Outbreak Management

The declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic has warranted the urgent need for technologies and tools to be deployed for confirming diagnosis of suspected cases. Diagnostic testing for COVID-19 is critical for understanding epidemiology, contract-tracing, case management, and to repress the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2. Currently, the Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT)-based RT-PCR technique is a gold standard test used for routine diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. While there are many commercially available RT-PCR assay kits available in the market, selection of highly sensitive, specific, and validated assays is most crucial for the accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. Laboratory diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 is extremely important in the disease and outbreak management. Development of rapid point of care tests with better sensitivity and specificity is the critical need of the hour as this will help accurate diagnosis and aid in containing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Early detection of viral infection greatly enhances implementation of specific public health intervention, such as infection control, environmental decontamination, and the closure of specific high-risk zones. Large-scale sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 genome isolated from affected populations across the world needs to be carried to monitor mutations that might affect performance of molecular tests. Creation of genome repositories and open-source genetic databases for use by global researchers is clearly the way forward to manage COVID-19 outbreak and accelerate vaccine development. This review summarizes various molecular diagnostics methods, technical guidelines, and advanced testing strategies adopted in India for laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Malignancies and Biosensors: A Focus on Oral Cancer Detection through Salivary Biomarkers

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 396
Author(s):  
Riccardo Goldoni ◽  
Alessandra Scolaro ◽  
Elisa Boccalari ◽  
Carolina Dolci ◽  
Antonio Scarano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Salivary Biomarkers ◽  
Point Of Care Diagnostics ◽  
Invasive Diagnostics

Oral cancer is among the deadliest types of malignancy due to the late stage at which it is usually diagnosed, leaving the patient with an average five-year survival rate of less than 50%. The booming field of biosensing and point of care diagnostics can, in this regard, play a major role in the early detection of oral cancer. Saliva is gaining interest as an alternative biofluid for non-invasive diagnostics, and many salivary biomarkers of oral cancer have been proposed. While these findings are promising for the application of salivaomics tools in routine practice, studies on larger cohorts are still needed for clinical validation. This review aims to summarize the most recent development in the field of biosensing related to the detection of salivary biomarkers commonly associated with oral cancer. An introduction to oral cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment is given to define the clinical problem clearly, then saliva as an alternative biofluid is presented, along with its advantages, disadvantages, and collection procedures. Finally, a brief paragraph on the most promising salivary biomarkers introduces the sensing technologies commonly exploited to detect oral cancer markers in saliva. Hence this review provides a comprehensive overview of both the clinical and technological advantages and challenges associated with oral cancer detection through salivary biomarkers.

scholarly journals Comparison of Oral Fluid Collectors for Use in a Rapid Point-of-Care Diagnostic Device

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 909-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Holm-Hansen ◽  
Gary Tong ◽  
Cheryl Davis ◽  
William R. Abrams ◽  
Daniel Malamud
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Noninvasive Method ◽  
Diagnostic Device ◽  
Point Of Care Diagnostics ◽  
Test Materials

ABSTRACT Orally based diagnostic testing is emerging as an alternative, noninvasive method for analyzing a variety of analytes. These analytes include pathogens, antibodies, drugs, and nucleic acids. In the present study we developed a protocol for evaluation of collectors that could be used in orally based, point-of-care diagnostics. A performance comparison was carried out with a number of commercially available collectors, and their ability to deliver fluid, proteins, bacteria, and nucleic acid from pathogens compatible with PCR was assessed. The collectors were all capable of picking up and delivering test materials, albeit at various levels.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Point-of-Care Diagnostics: Present and Future

ACS Nano ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Valera ◽  
Aaron Jankelow ◽  
Jongwon Lim ◽  
Victoria Kindratenko ◽  
Anurup Ganguli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Point Of Care Diagnostics

scholarly journals 145 Point of care lung ultrasound in patient triage: integration of ultrasound into a streaming pathway for COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 839.1-839
Author(s):  
Dominic Craver ◽  
Aminah Ahmad ◽  
Anna Colclough
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
District General Hospital ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Service Evaluation ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Junior Doctors ◽  
Point Of Care Ultrasound ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Point Of Care Diagnostics ◽  
Audit Data

Aims/Objectives/BackgroundRapid risk stratification of patients is vital for Emergency Department (ED) streaming during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ideally, patients should be split into red (suspected/confirmed COVID-19) and green (non COVID-19) zones in order to minimise the risk of patient-to-patient and patient-to-staff transmission. A robust yet rapid streaming system combining clinician impression with point-of-care diagnostics is therefore necessary.Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) findings in COVID-19 have been shown to correlate well with computed tomography (CT) findings, and it therefore has value as a front-door diagnostic tool. At University Hospital Lewisham (a district general hospital in south London), we recognised the value of early POCUS and its potential for use in patient streaming.Methods/DesignWe developed a training programme, ‘POCUS for COVID’ and subsequently integrated POCUS into streaming of our ED patients. The training involved Zoom lectures, a face to face practical, a 10 scan sign off process followed by a final triggered assessment. Patient outcomes were reviewed in conjunction with their scan reports.Results/ConclusionsCurrently, we have 21 ED junior doctors performing ultrasound scans independently, and all patients presenting to our department are scanned either in triage or in the ambulance. A combination of clinical judgement and scan findings are used to stream the patient to an appropriate area.Service evaluation with analysis of audit data has found our streaming to be 94% sensitive and 79% specific as an indicator of COVID 19. Further analysis is ongoing.Here we present both the structure of our training programme and our integrated streaming pathway along with preliminary analysis results.

scholarly journals Point of Care Diagnostics in the Age of COVID-19

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Meysam Rezaei ◽  
Sajad Razavi Bazaz ◽  
Sareh Zhand ◽  
Nima Sayyadi ◽  
Dayong Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Point Of Care Diagnostics ◽  
Recent Outbreak ◽  
Control Virus ◽  
Biosafety Level

The recent outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its associated serious respiratory disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), poses a major threat to global public health. Owing to the lack of vaccine and effective treatments, many countries have been overwhelmed with an exponential spread of the virus and surge in the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases. Current standard diagnostic methods are inadequate for widespread testing as they suffer from prolonged turn-around times (>12 h) and mostly rely on high-biosafety-level laboratories and well-trained technicians. Point-of-care (POC) tests have the potential to vastly improve healthcare in several ways, ranging from enabling earlier detection and easier monitoring of disease to reaching remote populations. In recent years, the field of POC diagnostics has improved markedly with the advent of micro- and nanotechnologies. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, POC technologies have been rapidly innovated to address key limitations faced in existing standard diagnostic methods. This review summarizes and compares the latest available POC immunoassay, nucleic acid-based and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats- (CRISPR)-mediated tests for SARS-CoV-2 detection that we anticipate aiding healthcare facilities to control virus infection and prevent subsequent spread.

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