Experimental Study of Machining of Shape Memory Alloys Using Dry Micro Electrical Discharge Machining Process

Shape Memory Alloys are smart materials that tend to remember and return to its original shape when subjected to deformation. These materials find numerous applications in robotics, automotive and biomedical industries. Micromachining of SMAs is often a considerable challenge using conventional machining processes. Micro-Electrical Discharge Machining is a combination of thermal and electrical processes, which can machine any electrically conductive material at micron scale independent of its hardness. It employs dielectric medium such as hydrocarbon oils, deionized water, and kerosene. Using liquid dielectrics has adverse effects on the machined surface causing cracking, white layer deposition, and irregular surface finish. These limitations can be minimized by using a dry dielectric medium such as air or nitrogen gas. This research involves the experimental study of micromachining of Shape Memory Alloys using dry Micro-Electrical Discharge Machining process. The study considers the effect of critical process parameters including discharge voltage and discharge current on the material removal rate and the tool wear rate. A comparison study is performed between the Micro-Electrical Discharge Machining process with using the liquid as well as air as the dielectric medium. In this study, microcavities are successfully machined on shape memory alloys using dry Micro-Electrical Discharge Machining process. The study found that the dry Micro-Electrical Discharge Machining produces a comparatively better surface finish, has lower tool wear and lesser material removal rate compared to the process using the liquid as the dielectric medium. The results of this research could extend the industrial applications of Micro Electrical Discharge Machining processes.