Texture Development and Mechanical Response in Microscale Reverse Extrusion of Copper

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Yooseob Song ◽  
George Voyiadjis ◽  
Kristian Juul ◽  
Shuai Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Forming ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Grain Morphology ◽  
Orientation Distribution ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Extrusion Force ◽  
Micro Forming ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Future Work

Axisymmetric reverse extrusion experiments were conducted on annealed Cu rod specimens to form cup-shaped structures with sidewall thicknesses ranging from ∼400 μm down to ∼25 μm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) were used to examine the changes in Cu grain morphology and texture as a result of the forming operation. Pole figure (PF) and orientation distribution function (ODF) analysis of EBSD data showed the presence of the same texture components in the present small scale metal forming experiments as those observed previously in macroscale sheet metal rolling. Extrusion force – punch displacement curves were measured as a function of extruded cup sidewall thickness. The present work illustrates materials characteristics in small scale metal forming, and suggests directions of future work for bringing improved correspondence between experimentation and modeling for metal micro forming.

Macroscopic 2D Design of Micro/Nano Grain Architectures by Laser Interference Metallurgy

2007 ◽  
Vol 1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Muecklich ◽  
Carsten Gachot ◽  
Rodolphe Catrin ◽  
Ulrich Schmid ◽  
Andrés Lasagni
Keyword(s):  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Orientation Distribution ◽  
Crystalline Lattice ◽  
Recrystallization Process ◽  
Laser Interference ◽  
Nano Structures ◽  
Grain Formation ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction

ABSTRACTTailoring of micro/nano structures and surface functionalization are key goals in surface processing of materials. A new technology for a unique geometric precise 2D micro/nano design of grain architectures is presented. By means of super lateral grain growth crystalline lattice patterns such as line-, dot- and cross-like patterns were generated. The grain dimensions may be selected between a few nanometers and about 10 micrometers. The phase and grain formation was characterized by Electron Backscatter Diffraction with regard to orientation distribution and texture formation. Furthermore, dynamic aspects of this laser induced recrystallization process are studied, such as the heat transport in the films, comparing the vertical with the lateral solidification velocities by two-dimensional finite element method (FEM) simulations. Finally, the mechanical properties of the tailored thin films have been determined using nanoindentation experiments.

An Investigation of Microtexture Evolution in an AlMgSi Alloy Processed by High-Pressure Torsion

2011 ◽  
Vol 702-703 ◽  
pp. 165-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aicha Loucif ◽  
Thierry Baudin ◽  
François Brisset ◽  
Roberto B. Figueiredo ◽  
Rafik Chemam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Distribution Function ◽  
High Pressure Torsion ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Orientation Distribution ◽  
Homogeneous Microstructure ◽  
Electron Backscatter ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Almgsi Alloy

This investigation uses electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) to study the development of microtexture with increasing deformation in an AlMgSi alloy having an initial grain size of about 150 µm subjected to high pressure torsion (HPT) up to a total of 5 turns. An homogeneous microstructure was achieved throughout the disc sample at high strains with the formation of ultra-fine grains. Observations based on orientation distribution function (ODF) calculation reveals the presence of the torsion texture components often reported in the literature for f.c.c. materials. In particular, the C {001}<110> component was found to be dominant. Furthermore, no significant change in the texture sharpness was observed by increasing the strain.

Effects of Annealing Condition on Texture and Deep Drawing Properties of Cold-Rolling Low Carbon Sheet Steel Based on CSP

2011 ◽  
Vol 121-126 ◽  
pp. 221-225
Author(s):  
Zi Li Jin ◽  
Hui Ping Ren ◽  
Li Zhen Guo ◽  
Sheng Mei Ma
Keyword(s):  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Sheet Steel ◽  
Orientation Distribution ◽  
Control Factor ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Isothermal Temperature ◽  
Batch Annealing ◽  
Carbon Sheet ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction

With the help of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD ) and orientation distribution function (ODF) analysis, experiments of the different batch annealing were conducted to give an study of recrystallization and texture of Cold-rolling Low Carbon sheet steel based on CSP , and the relationship between initial isothermal temperature and drawing properties has been investigated. The recrystallization soon finished the grains during annealing produce relatively strong {111} and {111} texture，at this temperature region as the initial isothermal temperature, the double isothermal cover annealing process design, enabling access to a strong favorable texture and uniform pancake grains, and the proper temperature is the key control factor level.

Inferential statistics of electron backscatter diffraction data from within individual crystalline grains

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1338-1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Bachmann ◽  
Ralf Hielscher ◽  
Peter E. Jupp ◽  
Wolfgang Pantleon ◽  
Helmut Schaeben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Orientation Distribution ◽  
Numerical Determination ◽  
Spatial Statistical Analysis ◽  
Spatial Reference ◽  
Electron Backscatter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Crystallographic Orientations

Highly concentrated distributed crystallographic orientation measurements within individual crystalline grains are analysed by means of ordinary statistics neglecting their spatial reference. Since crystallographic orientations are modelled as left cosets of a given subgroup of SO(3), the non-spatial statistical analysis adapts ideas borrowed from the Bingham quaternion distribution on {\bb S}^3. Special emphasis is put on the mathematical definition and the numerical determination of a `mean orientation' characterizing the crystallographic grain as well as on distinguishing several types of symmetry of the orientation distribution with respect to the mean orientation, like spherical, prolate or oblate symmetry. Applications to simulated as well as to experimental data are presented. All computations have been done with the free and open-source texture toolboxMTEX.

Mesoscopic EBSD Analysis and Mesomechanical Behavior of Ridging or Roping in AA6XXX Alloys

2011 ◽  
Vol 702-703 ◽  
pp. 955-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Qin ◽  
Marc Seefeldt ◽  
Tricia A. Bennett ◽  
Roumen H. Petrov ◽  
Paul van Houtte
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Surface Roughening ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Orientation Maps ◽  
Mesoscopic Level ◽  
R Value ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction

Aluminium alloys for car body manufacturing often show a specific type of band-shaped surface roughening upon stretching, called “ridging” or “roping”. Experimental research as well as modelling attempts have indicated that the evolving surface roughness profiles cannot be understood based on banding of individual surface texture components, like cube or Goss, only. Therefore, it is proposed to study banding on the “mesoscopic” level of texture banding rather than on the “microscopic” one of orientation banding. In mechanical terms, such patterning in the texture would lead to patterning in, for instance, the Lankford coefficient (r-value), so that the mechanical response can be calculated on an intermediate length scale. The present contribution presents a method for calculating r-value patterning from Electron Backscatter diffraction (EBSD) orientation maps. In a first test case of a strongly ridging AA6xxx sheet, indeed patterning in the r-value is found which corresponds to reported patterning of the surface roughness.

scholarly journals Microstructure Investigations of the Phase Boundaries in the Bridgman TRIP Steel Crystal

2010 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Borisova ◽  
C. Schimpf ◽  
Andreas Jahn ◽  
V. Klemm ◽  
G. Schreiber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Trip Steel ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Orientation Distribution ◽  
Phase Boundaries ◽  
Reciprocal Space Mapping ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction

Formation of microstructure defects at the phase boundaries in TRIP steels was investigated with the aid of microstructure analysis on a TRIP steel crystal, which was grown by the Bridgman technique. The microstructure studies comprised scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and transmission electron microscopy with high resolution (HRTEM). Initial XRD measurements revealed that the crystals under study consist of austenite and ferrite with extremely strong preferred orientations. Subsequent XRD pole figure measurements and EBSD scans have shown that the orientation relationship between austenite and ferrite can be described by the Nishiyama-Wassermann model. For a detailed description of the microstructure of the Bridgman crystal, the orientation distribution of crystallites within the individual phases was investigated using the XRD reciprocal space mapping and the rocking curve measurements. These experiments have shown that the density of microstructure defects is much lower in ferrite than in austenite. The direct information about the defect structures at the phase boundaries between austenite and ferrite was obtained from the TEM micrographs, which revealed complicated micro-twin structures at the boundaries between the neighbouring phases. HRTEM discovered very narrow stripes of ferrite embedded in austenite that were regarded as a source of the microstructure defects in austenite.

scholarly journals Transformation of the Microstructure of Fe-Cr Steel during Its Production

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 806
Author(s):  
Andrés Núñez ◽  
Irene Collado ◽  
Juan F. Almagro ◽  
David L. Sales
Keyword(s):  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Texture Evolution ◽  
Orientation Distribution ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Processing Route ◽  
Final Annealing ◽  
Deep Drawability ◽  
Orientation Density ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Process Material

EN 1.4016 stainless steels combine good corrosion resistance with good formability and ductility. As such, their most popular applications are related to sheet forming. During re-crystallisation of Fe-Cr steels, deviations from the desired γ-fibre (gamma fibre, <111>||ND) texture promote a decrease in deep drawability. Additionally, α-fibre (alpha fibre, <110>||RD) has been found to be damaging to formability. In this study, an EN 1.4016 basic material and a modified one with optimised settings as regards to chemical composition and manufacturing process, in order to improve the formability properties, are characterised. The phase diagram, microstructure, Lankford coefficients and Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) (results confirm the evolution of texture during the processing of ferritic stainless steel. Texture is analysed by the interpretation of Orientation Distribution Function (ODF), using orientation density results for each sample obtained in the processing route. The cube ({001} <100>) and rotated cube ({001} <110>) textures dominate the crystal orientation from the slab until the intermediate annealing stage. After final annealing, there is a texture evolution in both materials; the γ-fibre component dominates the texture, which is much more intense in modified material supported by components that show good deep drawability, {554} <225>, and good transition from hot to cold rolling, {332} <113>. The modified composition and process material delivers a better re-crystallisation status and, therefore, the best drawability performance.

scholarly journals A multivariate grain size and orientation distribution function: derivation from electron backscatter diffraction data and applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Galán López ◽  
Leo A. I. Kestens
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Distribution Function ◽  
Orientation Distribution Function ◽  
Diffraction Data ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Orientation Distribution ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Electron Backscatter ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Grain Size And Orientation

Two of the microstructural parameters most influential in the properties of polycrystalline materials are grain size and crystallographic texture. Although both properties have been extensively studied and there are a wide range of analysis tools available, they are generally considered independently, without taking into account the possible correlations between them. However, there are reasons to assume that grain size and orientation are correlated microstructural state variables, as they are the result of single microstructural formation mechanisms occurring during material processing. In this work, the grain size distribution and orientation distribution functions are combined in a single multivariate grain size orientation distribution function (GSODF). In addition to the derivation of the function, several examples of practical applications to low carbon steels are presented, in which it is shown how the GSODF can be used in the analysis of 2D and 3D electron backscatter diffraction data, as well as in the generation of representative volume elements for full-field models and as input in simulations using mean-field methods.

Effect of Rolling Parameters on the Low-Temperature Toughness and Microstructure of High-Strength Linepipe Steel

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Stallybrass ◽  
A. Völling ◽  
H. Meuser ◽  
F. Grimpe
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Electron Backscatter ◽  
Low Temperature Toughness ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Electron

In recent years, large-diameter pipe producers around the world have witnessed a growing interest to develop gas fields in arctic environments in order to fulfill the energy demand. High-strength linepipe grades are attractive for economic reasons, because they offer the benefit of a reduced wall thickness at a given operating pressure. Excellent low-temperature toughness of the material is essential under these conditions. Modern high-strength heavy plates used in the production of UOE pipes are produced by thermomechanical rolling followed by accelerated cooling (TMCP). The combination of high strength and high toughness of these steels is a result of the bainitic microstructure and is strongly influenced by the processing parameters. For this reason, the relationship between rolling and cooling parameters of heavy plate production, the low-temperature toughness and the microstructure is at the center of attention of the development efforts at Salzgitter Mannesmann Forschung (SZMF) in collaboration Salzgitter Mannesmann Grobblech (SMGB). It has been shown previously that a variation of the processing parameters has a direct influence on the microstructure and correlates with mechanical properties that are accessible via small-scale tests. Modern characterization methods such as scanning electron microscopy in combination with electron backscatter diffraction have broadened our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and have helped to define processing conditions for the production of heavy plates with optimized low-temperature toughness in small scale tests. Within the present paper, the results of a recent laboratory investigation of the effect of a systematic variation of rolling parameters on the microstructure and low-temperature toughness of as-rolled and pre-strained Charpy specimens are discussed. In these trials, final rolling temperatures above the onset of the ferrite-austenite transformation and cooling stop temperatures above the martensite start temperature were selected. The microstructure of the plates was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction. In a series of Charpy tests in a specific temperature range, it was found that plate material in the as-rolled condition is not strongly sensitive to variations of the selected processing parameters, whereas pre-straining the Charpy specimens made it possible to assess the potential of individual processing concepts particularly with regard to low-temperature toughness. In addition to Charpy testing, the toughness was also quantified via instrumented drop-weight tear (DWT) testing. By comparing total energy values from regular pressed-notch DWT-test specimens to J-integral values determined in drop-weight testing of pre-fatigued DWT-test specimens, the impact of variations of specimen type on material tearing resistance is shown.

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