Powder-Based Additive Manufacturing of Li-Ion Batteries and Micropowder Mixing Characteristics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Ludwig ◽  
Heng Pan ◽  
Jin Liu ◽  
Zhangfeng Zheng ◽  
Yan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Thermal Activation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Powder Mixing ◽  
Active Electrode ◽  
Li Ion

Lithium ion battery electrodes were manufactured using a new additive manufacturing process based on dry powders. By using dry powder based process, solvent and drying process used in conventional battery process can be removed which allows large-scale Li-ion battery production be more economically viable in markets such as automotive energy storage systems. Thermal activation time has been greatly reduced due to the time and resource demanding solvent evaporation process needed with slurry-cast electrode manufacturing being replaced by a hot rolling process. It has been found that thermal activation time to induce mechanical bonding of the thermoplastic polymer to the remaining active electrode particles is only a few seconds. By measuring the surface energies of various powders and numerical simulation of powder mixing, the powder mixing and binder distribution, which plays a vital role in determining the quality of additive manufactured battery electrodes, have been predicted and compared favorably with experiments.

scholarly journals Impact of Surface Chemistry of Silicon Nanoparticles on the Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Si/Ni3.4Sn4 Composite Anode for Li-Ion Batteries

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Tahar Azib ◽  
Claire Thaury ◽  
Fermin Cuevas ◽  
Eric Leroy ◽  
Christian Jordy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Silicon Nanoparticles ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Chemical Homogeneity ◽  
Electrochemical Behaviors ◽  
Pure Silicon ◽  
Li Ion

Embedding silicon nanoparticles in an intermetallic matrix is a promising strategy to produce remarkable bulk anode materials for lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries with low potential, high electrochemical capacity and good cycling stability. These composite materials can be synthetized at a large scale using mechanical milling. However, for Si-Ni3Sn4 composites, milling also induces a chemical reaction between the two components leading to the formation of free Sn and NiSi2, which is detrimental to the performance of the electrode. To prevent this reaction, a modification of the surface chemistry of the silicon has been undertaken. Si nanoparticles coated with a surface layer of either carbon or oxide were used instead of pure silicon. The influence of the coating on the composition, (micro)structure and electrochemical properties of Si-Ni3Sn4 composites is studied and compared with that of pure Si. Si coating strongly reduces the reaction between Si and Ni3Sn4 during milling. Moreover, contrary to pure silicon, Si-coated composites have a plate-like morphology in which the surface-modified silicon particles are surrounded by a nanostructured, Ni3Sn4-based matrix leading to smooth potential profiles during electrochemical cycling. The chemical homogeneity of the matrix is more uniform for carbon-coated than for oxygen-coated silicon. As a consequence, different electrochemical behaviors are obtained depending on the surface chemistry, with better lithiation properties for the carbon-covered silicon able to deliver over 500 mAh/g for at least 400 cycles.

scholarly journals OCV Hysteresis in Li-Ion Batteries including Two-Phase Transition Materials

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Roscher ◽  
Oliver Bohlen ◽  
Jens Vetter
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
High Current ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Active Electrode ◽  
Li Ion

The relation between batteries' state of charge (SOC) and open-circuit voltage (OCV) is a specific feature of electrochemical energy storage devices. Especially NiMH batteries are well known to exhibit OCV hysteresis, and also several kinds of lithium-ion batteries show OCV hysteresis, which can be critical for reliable state estimation issues. Electrode potential hysteresis is known to result from thermodynamical entropic effects, mechanical stress, and microscopic distortions within the active electrode materials which perform a two-phase transition during lithium insertion/extraction. Hence, some Li-ion cells including two-phase transition active materials show pronounced hysteresis referring to their open-circuit voltage. This work points out how macroscopic effects, that is, diffusion limitations, superimpose the latte- mentioned microscopic mechanisms and lead to a shrinkage of OCV hysteresis, if cells are loaded with high current rates. To validate the mentioned interaction, Li-ion cells' state of charge is adjusted to 50% with various current rates, beginning from the fully charged and the discharged state, respectively. As a pronounced difference remains between the OCV after charge and discharge adjustment, obviously the hysteresis vanishes as the target SOC is adjusted with very high current rate.

Tris (2, 2, 2-Trifluoroethyl) Phosphate (TFP) as Flame-Retarded Additives for Li-Ion Batteries

2013 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Shi Xiong Wang ◽  
Yun Bo He ◽  
Xiang Jun Yang ◽  
Hong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Long Cycle Life ◽  
Flame Retarded ◽  
Li Ion

With high energy density, long cycle life and high voltage Lithium-ion batteries are one of very promising pollution-free power supply. The electrolytes for these batteries consist of flammable organic solvents which are serious hazard under abusive conditions especially for large-scale lithium batteries. To reduce flammability of electrolyte of lithium-ion batteries and resolve safety problem, Tris (2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl) phosphate (TFP) was synthesized and added into electrolytes as additive. It was found that the SET decreased significantly with the increase of the concentration of TFP. When the concentration is over 20% (vol.) electrolytes are nonflammable. At the same time, with the concentration increasing, the ion-conductivity decreased and the discharge capacity also came down slowly. The electrochemistry stability of LiCoO2 cathode was improved. According to our study, it is possible to find a cosolvent or additive that makes nonflammable lithium-ion electrolyte be put into practice.

scholarly journals Correlation of Mechanical and Electrical Behavior of Polyethylene Oxide-Based Solid Electrolytes for All-Solid State Lithium-Ion Batteries

Batteries ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Peters ◽  
Frederieke Langer ◽  
Nikolai Hillen ◽  
Katharina Koschek ◽  
Ingo Bardenhagen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Solid Electrolytes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Li Ion

Mechanical and electrochemical stability are key issues for large-scale production of solid state Li-ion batteries. Polymer electrolytes can provide good ionic conductivity, but mechanical strength needs to be improved. In this study, we investigate the correlation of mechanical and electrical properties of poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based solid electrolytes for Li-ion batteries. The influence of alumina and LiClO4 addition are investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is used to study the thermal behavior of salt-free and salt-containing samples and to identify the melting temperature. Dynamic mechanical analysis reveals the elastic properties as a function of temperature. Electrochemical properties are investigated using impedance spectroscopy. It is found that addition of alumina increases mechanical strength, while LiClO4 decreases it. Addition of LiClO4 and Al2O3 increases ionic conductivity and improves mechanical properties. However, there is no overlapping window of high mechanical strength and high ionic conductivity.

scholarly journals Understanding Interfacial-Energy-Driven Dry Powder Mixing for Solvent-Free Additive Manufacturing of Li-Ion Battery Electrodes

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (21) ◽  
pp. 1700570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Ludwig ◽  
Jin Liu ◽  
I-Meng Chen ◽  
Yangtao Liu ◽  
Wan Shou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Interfacial Energy ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Dry Powder ◽  
Powder Mixing ◽  
Li Ion

Thermal Security Analysis of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Electro-Thermal Modeling

2013 ◽  
Vol 724-725 ◽  
pp. 804-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi Jun Wang ◽  
Zhao Xuan Zhu ◽  
Yu Hong Ma
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Theoretical Capacity ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
High Specific Energy

The power lithium-ion battery with its high specific energy, high theoretical capacity and good cycle-life is a prime candidate as a power source for electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Sacurity is especially important for large-scale lithium-ion batteries, especially the thermal analysis is essential for their development and design. Mathematical model and thermal model for Li-ion battery were built to analyze the effects of discharge rate on the peak temperature and on the homogeneity of temperature field, and to compare the calculated and the simulated results.

scholarly journals Calibration Optimization Methodology for Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Model for Electric Vehicles in Mining Applications

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Astaneh ◽  
Jelena Andric ◽  
Lennart Löfdahl ◽  
Dario Maggiolo ◽  
Peter Stopp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Battery Packs ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Optimization Methodology ◽  
Battery Cells

Large-scale introduction of electric vehicles (EVs) to the market sets outstanding requirements for battery performance to extend vehicle driving range, prolong battery service life, and reduce battery costs. There is a growing need to accurately and robustly model the performance of both individual cells and their aggregated behavior when integrated into battery packs. This paper presents a novel methodology for Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery pack simulations under actual operating conditions of an electric mining vehicle. The validated electrochemical-thermal models of Li-ion battery cells are scaled up into battery modules to emulate cell-to-cell variations within the battery pack while considering the random variability of battery cells, as well as electrical topology and thermal management of the pack. The performance of the battery pack model is evaluated using transient experimental data for the pack operating conditions within the mining environment. The simulation results show that the relative root mean square error for the voltage prediction is 0.7–1.7% and for the battery pack temperature 2–12%. The proposed methodology is general and it can be applied to other battery chemistries and electric vehicle types to perform multi-objective optimization to predict the performance of large battery packs.

scholarly journals Degradation and Aging Routes of Ni-Rich Cathode Based Li-Ion Batteries

Batteries ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Teichert ◽  
Gebrekidan Gebresilassie Eshetu ◽  
Hannes Jahnke ◽  
Egbert Figgemeier
Keyword(s):  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Layered Oxides ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Efficient Integration ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Li Ion

Driven by the increasing plea for greener transportation and efficient integration of renewable energy sources, Ni-rich metal layered oxides, namely NMC, Li [Ni1−x−yCoyMnz] O2 (x + y ≤ 0.4), and NCA, Li [Ni1−x−yCoxAly] O2, cathode materials have garnered huge attention for the development of Next-Generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The impetus behind such huge celebrity includes their higher capacity and cost effectiveness when compared to the-state-of-the-art LiCoO2 (LCO) and other low Ni content NMC versions. However, despite all the beneficial attributes, the large-scale deployment of Ni-rich NMC based LIBs poses a technical challenge due to less stability of the cathode/electrolyte interphase (CEI) and diverse degradation processes that are associated with electrolyte decomposition, transition metal cation dissolution, cation–mixing, oxygen release reaction etc. Here, the potential degradation routes, recent efforts and enabling strategies for mitigating the core challenges of Ni-rich NMC cathode materials are presented and assessed. In the end, the review shed light on the perspectives for the future research directions of Ni-rich cathode materials.

US battery and energy storage markets will grow

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Due Diligence ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Major Transition ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
The Cost

Subject Batteries and energy storage. Significance With the rise of renewable energies and electric vehicles, a major transition is underway in global energy markets. The key to facilitating growth in both areas is the falling cost of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. Cheaper batteries have helped to reduce the cost of electric vehicles and are making large-scale energy storage on the power grid -- which is a necessity if renewables are to continue growing -- a reality. Impacts Secure access to lithium, cobalt and other battery-related materials will be vital to economic development. Competition over resources to build batteries could see protests, skirmishing and illegal trade where the resources are. Companies face higher due diligence demands when sourcing battery-producing materials.

High-purity iron pyrite (FeS2) nanowires as high-capacity nanostructured cathodes for lithium-ion batteries

Nanoscale ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 2112-2118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linsen Li ◽  
Miguel Cabán-Acevedo ◽  
Steven N. Girard ◽  
Song Jin
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Iron Pyrite ◽  
Capacity Retention ◽  
Purity Iron ◽  
High Purity Iron ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
First Time

A large-scale conversion synthesis of phase-pure pyrite nanowires has been developed for the first time. Nano-pyrite cathodes exhibit high Li-storage capacity and excellent capacity retention, which demonstrates the promise of pyrite nanomaterials as a cost-effective high-capacity cathode material for Li-ion batteries.

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