The State-of-the-Art in Nano-Turning

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Schmittdiel ◽  
Rodolfo E. Haber Guerra ◽  
A´ngel Escribano ◽  
Javier Escribano
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Single Point ◽  
The State ◽  
Tool Geometry ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Nano Scale ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Automation Systems ◽  
The Impact

The state-of-the-art in nano-turning is evolving rapidly due to the economic and application benefits that nano-scale engineering creates. This paper describes the state of the art in nano-turning with a focus on single point diamond tools (SPDT) and integrated sensory systems. Research in this area has thus far lagged behind other nano-scale research efforts in the chemical and biological sciences. Discussion of the fundamentals of nano-scale turning is presented along with the state-of-the-art in sensor systems. Surface finish is a critical performance characteristic for nano-turned parts, which is detailed in terms of the impact of machining parameters, tool geometry, and material anisotropy. Ongoing research into computer modeling of the cutting mechanics at the nano-scale is presented. Sensors and automation systems for nano-turning are discussed with a focus on active control and in-process adjustments. Finally, recommendations are given for the future of nano-turning and nano-scale machining in general.

Into the Vicious Cycle of Precarity: Labour Market, Precarious Work, Social Vulnerability and Youth: The case of Greece within the EU context

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 474-496
Author(s):  
Nikos Papadakis ◽  
Maria Drakaki ◽  
Sofia Saridaki ◽  
Vassilis Dafermos
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Development Education ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Precarious Work ◽  
The Impact

Ιn the last decade, there has been a widespread expansion of both precarious work and precarious forms of employment (such as temporary and low-qualified jobs, seasonal and part-time jobs etc.), in which a growing share of young people work. The impact of precarious work on young people is likely to be permanent, while it seems to affect (even over-determine) their life courses. Non-smooth and early transitions into labour market are very likely to worsen progressively their long-term life chances (Lodovici & Semenza, 2012: 7). Undoubtedly, the long-lasting global economic Crisis and the subsequent Recession, has heavily affected the state of play in the labour market worldwide, provoking severe modifications both in the field of employment and countries’ social cohesion. Based on the above mentioned, the paper deals with precarious work in general, while it emphasizes precarious work among youth. It initially captures, briefly, the state of play in terms of the impact of the Crisis on the widening of the phenomenon of precarious work and then it focuses on theoretical insights and critical conceptual definitions concerning precariousness in the labour market. Further, based on secondary quantitative -data analysis, it analyses the key- parameters and facets of precarious work (focusing on youth) in the European Union and, mainly, in Greece. Additionally, it briefly presents parameters of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on precariousness in Greece. Finally, the paper explores the correlation between precarious work and social vulnerability, especially among young people. The present paper is based on an ongoing Research Project. More specifically, this research is co-financed by Greece and the European Union (European Social Fund- ESF) through the Operational Programme «Human Resources Development, Education and Lifelong Learning 2014-2020» in the context of the project “Precarious Work and Youth in today’s Greece: secondary quantitative analysis, qualitative filed research and research-based policy proposals” (MIS 5048510).

Researching Telework

2000 ◽  
pp. 255-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole B. Ellison
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
Home Based ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

This chapter examines the state of the art in telework research. The author reviews the most central scholarly literature examining the phenomenon of telework (also called home-based work or telecommuting) and develops a framework for organizing this body of work. She organizes previous research on telework into six major thematic concerns relating to the definition, measurement, and scope of telework; management of teleworkers; travel-related impacts of telework; organizational culture and employee isolation; boundaries between “home” and “work” and the impact of telework on the individual and the family. Areas for future research are suggested.

Frontal Sinus Surgery: The State of the Art

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Marino ◽  
Edward D McCoul
Keyword(s):  
Outcomes Research ◽  
Frontal Sinus ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Indications For Surgery ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Sinus Disease ◽  
Frontal Sinus Surgery ◽  
Essential Components

ABSTRACT Aim: Review and describe the essential components of modern frontal sinus surgery. Background Frontal sinus surgery has evolved considerably over the last century, and advances in imaging, optics, and instrumentation have contributed to contemporary treatment paradigms. Outcomes assessment has had an important role in identifying indications for surgery and future areas of research. Review results Numerous advancements are part of modern frontal sinus surgery and the treatment of frontal sinusitis. Anatomic studies have revealed variations that are associated with disease and pose challenges for surgery. Open approaches remain relevant in situations of difficult disease or as part of combined approaches. Endoscopic surgery, however, is central to contemporary surgical management of frontal sinus disease. Evolving instrumentation and the development of new implantable devices are increasingly relevant in the endoscopic era. Outcomes research has refined indications for surgery and identifies areas for ongoing research. Conclusion State-of-the-art frontal sinus surgery is the product of significant evolution and advancement. Modern surgery is reflective of improved optics and new instrumentation, and the central role of endoscopic approaches in treating frontal sinus disease. Outcomes research has been essential for developing an evidenced-based approach to frontal sinus surgery. Clinical significance A review of the essential components of state-of-the-art frontal sinus surgery for the practicing otolaryngologist. How to cite this article Marino MJ, McCoul ED. Frontal Sinus Surgery: The State of the Art. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(1): 5-12.

scholarly journals (Sub)titles in cinematic virtual reality: a descriptive study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belén Agulló ◽  
◽  
Anna Matamala ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
The State ◽  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
Content Creation ◽  
Standard Practices ◽  
The Impact

Virtual reality has attracted the attention of industry and researchers. Its applications for entertainment and audiovisual content creation are endless. Filmmakers are experimenting with different techniques to create immersive stories. Also, subtitle creators and researchers are finding new ways to implement (sub)titles in this new medium. In this article, the state-of-the-art of cinematic virtual reality content is presented and the current challenges faced by filmmakers when dealing with this medium and the impact of immersive content on subtitling practices are discussed. Moreover, the different studies on subtitles in 360º videos carried out so far and the obtained results are reviewed. Finally, the results of a corpus analysis are presented in order to illustrate the current subtitle practices by The New York Times and the BBC. The results have shed some light on issues such as position, innovative graphic strategies or the different functions, challenging current subtitling standard practices in 2D content.

scholarly journals Impact of Cryogenics on Cavitation through an Orifice: A Review

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8319
Author(s):  
Claudia Esposito ◽  
Johan Steelant ◽  
Maria Rosaria Vetrano
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Hydrodynamic Cavitation ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Propulsion Systems ◽  
Clear Vision ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
The Impact

Cryogenic cavitation affects the operation of liquid propulsion systems during the first phase of a launch. Its effects within orifices or turbopumps can range from mild instabilities to catastrophic damages to the structures, jeopardizing the launch itself. Therefore, to ensure the proper designing of propulsion systems, cavitation phenomena cannot be neglected. Although hydrodynamic cavitation has been studied for decades, the impact of the nature of the fluid has been sparsely investigated. Therefore, this review, beginning from the basic concepts of cavitation, analyzes the literature dedicated to hydrodynamic cryogenic cavitation through an orifice. Our review provides a clear vision of the state-of-the-art from experimental and modeling viewpoints, identifies the knowledge gaps in the literature, and proposes a way to further investigate cryogenic cavitation in aerospace science.

scholarly journals Digital Archiving for Archaeology: the state of the art in Argentina

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés D. Izeta ◽  
Roxana Cattáneo
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
National Level ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
General Evaluation ◽  
Research Infrastructures ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact

This article discusses the state-of-the art of digital archives for archaeological research in Argentina. It also presents and characterises the national and international legal framework and the role played by funding agencies and professional bodies in archaeological practice. In addition, it reports how legal corpora regulate the impact on the management of archaeological digital data. Research infrastructures available at the national level are described, such as the Suquía, an institutional digital archive devoted to archaeology since 2016. Finally, we make a general evaluation of the status quo of research infrastructures mostly concerned with preserving and disseminating data from archaeological research at the national level.

Analyzing the Digital License Reselling Problem and Its Impact on E-Commerce

2014 ◽  
pp. 577-597
Author(s):  
Tarek Gaber ◽  
Ning Zhang
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Digital Rights Management ◽  
The State ◽  
Digital Rights ◽  
Rights Management ◽  
The Impact

Existing Digital Rights Management (DRM) systems allow consumers to buy digital licenses to access the corresponding contents on their devices. However, with these DRM systems, the consumers are unable to resell their licenses. Supporting digital license reselling adds additional challenges to DRM technologies and could find a new E-market. The aims of this chapter are as follows. The problem of reselling digital licenses is formally formulated. Then the state-of-the-art of the existing license reselling solutions proposed in the literature is discussed. Their strengths and limitations are analyzed. Then a framework allowing a consumer to resell his/her license to another consumer without compromising the underlying security of the DRM system is proposed. Finally, the impact of allowing license reselling on E-commerce is discussed.

Sarcopenia: Beyond Muscle Atrophy and into the New Frontiers of Opportunistic Imaging, Precision Medicine, and Machine Learning

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 307-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Lenchik ◽  
Robert Boutin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAs populations continue to age worldwide, the impact of sarcopenia on public health will continue to grow. The clinically relevant and increasingly common diagnosis of sarcopenia is at the confluence of three tectonic shifts in medicine: opportunistic imaging, precision medicine, and machine learning. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art imaging of sarcopenia and provides context for such imaging by discussing the epidemiology, pathophysiology, consequences, and future directions in the field of sarcopenia.

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