scholarly journals Impact of Cryogenics on Cavitation through an Orifice: A Review

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8319
Author(s):  
Claudia Esposito ◽  
Johan Steelant ◽  
Maria Rosaria Vetrano
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Hydrodynamic Cavitation ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Propulsion Systems ◽  
Clear Vision ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
The Impact

Cryogenic cavitation affects the operation of liquid propulsion systems during the first phase of a launch. Its effects within orifices or turbopumps can range from mild instabilities to catastrophic damages to the structures, jeopardizing the launch itself. Therefore, to ensure the proper designing of propulsion systems, cavitation phenomena cannot be neglected. Although hydrodynamic cavitation has been studied for decades, the impact of the nature of the fluid has been sparsely investigated. Therefore, this review, beginning from the basic concepts of cavitation, analyzes the literature dedicated to hydrodynamic cryogenic cavitation through an orifice. Our review provides a clear vision of the state-of-the-art from experimental and modeling viewpoints, identifies the knowledge gaps in the literature, and proposes a way to further investigate cryogenic cavitation in aerospace science.

Researching Telework

2000 ◽  
pp. 255-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole B. Ellison
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
Home Based ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

This chapter examines the state of the art in telework research. The author reviews the most central scholarly literature examining the phenomenon of telework (also called home-based work or telecommuting) and develops a framework for organizing this body of work. She organizes previous research on telework into six major thematic concerns relating to the definition, measurement, and scope of telework; management of teleworkers; travel-related impacts of telework; organizational culture and employee isolation; boundaries between “home” and “work” and the impact of telework on the individual and the family. Areas for future research are suggested.

Bitumen and asphalt concrete modified by nanometer-sized particles: Basic concepts, the state of the art and future perspectives of the nanoscale approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 102283
Author(s):  
Paolino Caputo ◽  
Michele Porto ◽  
Ruggero Angelico ◽  
Valeria Loise ◽  
Pietro Calandra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Basic Concepts

Discovering the Past for Yourself

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jukka Tyrkkö
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
The State ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Digital Pedagogy ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Corpus Tools

This chapter outlines the state of the art in corpus-based language teaching and digital pedagogy, focusing on the differences between using corpora with present-day and historical data. The basic concepts of corpus-based research such as representativeness, frequency, and statistical significance can be introduced to students who are new to corpus methods, and the application of these concepts to the history of English can deepen students’ understanding of how historical varieties of the language are researched. This chapter will also address some of the key challenges particular to teaching the history of English using corpora, such as dealing with the seemingly counterintuitive findings, non-standard features, and small datasets. Finally, following an overview of available historical corpora and corpus tools, several practical examples of corpus-driven activities will be discussed in detail, with suggestions and ideas on how a teacher might prepare and run corpus-based lessons.

scholarly journals Older People, Mobility and Transport in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Review of the Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 6157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Gorman ◽  
Sion Jones ◽  
Jeffrey Turner
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Older populations are rising globally, which in high-income countries has helped to generate a growing literature on the impact of ageing on travel requirements and transport policy. This article aims to provide an initial assessment of the state of knowledge on the impact on transportation policy and usage of the increasing numbers of older people in low- and middle-income countries (LAMICs), through a review of the literature relating to older people and transportation. As both the academic and policy/practice-related literature specifically addressing ageing and transport in LAMICs is limited, the study looks beyond transportation to assess the state of knowledge regarding the ways in which older people’s mobility is affected by issues, such as health, well-being, social (dis)engagement and gender. We find significant knowledge gaps, resulting in an evidence base to support the implementation of policy is lacking. Most research in low-income countries (LICs) is either broad quantitative analysis based on national survey data or small-scale qualitative studies. We conclude that, although study of the differing contexts of ageing in LAMICs as they relate to older people’s mobilities and transport use has barely begun, institutions which both make and influence policymaking recognise the existence of significant knowledge gaps. This should provide the context in which research agendas can be established.

scholarly journals (Sub)titles in cinematic virtual reality: a descriptive study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belén Agulló ◽  
◽  
Anna Matamala ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
The State ◽  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
Content Creation ◽  
Standard Practices ◽  
The Impact

Virtual reality has attracted the attention of industry and researchers. Its applications for entertainment and audiovisual content creation are endless. Filmmakers are experimenting with different techniques to create immersive stories. Also, subtitle creators and researchers are finding new ways to implement (sub)titles in this new medium. In this article, the state-of-the-art of cinematic virtual reality content is presented and the current challenges faced by filmmakers when dealing with this medium and the impact of immersive content on subtitling practices are discussed. Moreover, the different studies on subtitles in 360º videos carried out so far and the obtained results are reviewed. Finally, the results of a corpus analysis are presented in order to illustrate the current subtitle practices by The New York Times and the BBC. The results have shed some light on issues such as position, innovative graphic strategies or the different functions, challenging current subtitling standard practices in 2D content.

scholarly journals Digital Archiving for Archaeology: the state of the art in Argentina

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés D. Izeta ◽  
Roxana Cattáneo
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
National Level ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
General Evaluation ◽  
Research Infrastructures ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact

This article discusses the state-of-the art of digital archives for archaeological research in Argentina. It also presents and characterises the national and international legal framework and the role played by funding agencies and professional bodies in archaeological practice. In addition, it reports how legal corpora regulate the impact on the management of archaeological digital data. Research infrastructures available at the national level are described, such as the Suquía, an institutional digital archive devoted to archaeology since 2016. Finally, we make a general evaluation of the status quo of research infrastructures mostly concerned with preserving and disseminating data from archaeological research at the national level.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS): Principles, Construction, and Biosensing Applications

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 6578
Author(s):  
Hend S. Magar ◽  
Rabeay Y. A. Hassan ◽  
Ashok Mulchandani
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Antigen Recognition ◽  
Biomedical Diagnosis ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
The Impact

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a powerful technique used for the analysis of interfacial properties related to bio-recognition events occurring at the electrode surface, such as antibody–antigen recognition, substrate–enzyme interaction, or whole cell capturing. Thus, EIS could be exploited in several important biomedical diagnosis and environmental applications. However, the EIS is one of the most complex electrochemical methods, therefore, this review introduced the basic concepts and the theoretical background of the impedimetric technique along with the state of the art of the impedimetric biosensors and the impact of nanomaterials on the EIS performance. The use of nanomaterials such as nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, and nanocomposites provided catalytic activity, enhanced sensing elements immobilization, promoted faster electron transfer, and increased reliability and accuracy of the reported EIS sensors. Thus, the EIS was used for the effective quantitative and qualitative detections of pathogens, DNA, cancer-associated biomarkers, etc. Through this review article, intensive literature review is provided to highlight the impact of nanomaterials on enhancing the analytical features of impedimetric biosensors.

Analyzing the Digital License Reselling Problem and Its Impact on E-Commerce

2014 ◽  
pp. 577-597
Author(s):  
Tarek Gaber ◽  
Ning Zhang
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Digital Rights Management ◽  
The State ◽  
Digital Rights ◽  
Rights Management ◽  
The Impact

Existing Digital Rights Management (DRM) systems allow consumers to buy digital licenses to access the corresponding contents on their devices. However, with these DRM systems, the consumers are unable to resell their licenses. Supporting digital license reselling adds additional challenges to DRM technologies and could find a new E-market. The aims of this chapter are as follows. The problem of reselling digital licenses is formally formulated. Then the state-of-the-art of the existing license reselling solutions proposed in the literature is discussed. Their strengths and limitations are analyzed. Then a framework allowing a consumer to resell his/her license to another consumer without compromising the underlying security of the DRM system is proposed. Finally, the impact of allowing license reselling on E-commerce is discussed.

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