Energy Demand, Availability in Nepal and Present PV Cost Analysis

Solar Energy ◽  
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilip C. Ghimire ◽  
Sudip Adhikari ◽  
Sunil Adhikary ◽  
Hideo Uchida ◽  
Masayoshi Umeno
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Government Subsidy ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Generating Capacity ◽  
High Insulation ◽  
Solar Electricity

This paper describes the Photovoltaic solar electricity generating capacity in Nepal. Although Nepal is rich in hydropower, currently only about 17% of the total population has access of electricity. The majority of the population who are living in the rural mountainous parts of Nepal is still deprived of electricity. The relatively high insulation throughout the year and geographical situation encourage for the development of PV energy in the country. The monthly mean solar radiation analysis shows that April and January receive the highest and the lowest solar radiation respectively. The PV installation rate has increased dramatically in the last five years due to relative decrease in PV module cost and government subsidy. PV technology is reliable because of its simplicity, extremely low maintenance cost and point-of-use installation possibility. The widespread use of PV will help to reduce CO2 emission and consequently contributes towards better environment.

scholarly journals Solar Energy Potential in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Regmi ◽  
Sunil Adhikary
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Solar Electricity

Meteorological data such as solar radiation (1975-1984, and 2002-2010) and sunshine duration (1968-2004) were analyzed to study temporal characteristics of solar energy and investigate solar energy potential in Kathmandu valley. Pre-monsoon and post monsoon seasons have higher mean monthly sunshine duration (about 8 hours/day) than summer (about 5 hours/day) and winter (about 7 hours/day) seasons over Kathmandu. Pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons receive solar energy of about 190 Wm-2 and 170 Wm-2 respectively. The winter season receives the least amount of solar radiation (135 Wm-2). Approximately 220 MW of solar electricity can be produced in Kathmandu that will substantially fulfill current energy demand and reduce environmental pollution in the valley by replacing fossil fuels with clean solar electricity.Journal of Hydrology and Meteorology, Vol. 8(1) 2012, p.77-82

Performansi aktual modul photovoltaik dengan pengarah matahari

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalaluddin . ◽  
Baharuddin Mire
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Local Time ◽  
Performance Characteristic ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Experiment Data ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Solar Tracking ◽  
Pv Modules

Actual performance of photovoltaic module with solar tracking is presented. Solar radiation can be converted into electrical energy using photovoltaic (PV) modules. Performance of polycristalline silicon PV modules with and without solar tracking are investigated experimentally. The PV module with dimension 698 x 518 x 25 mm has maximum power and voltage is 45 Watt and 18 Volt respectively. Based on the experiment data, it is concluded that the performance of PV module with solar tracking increases in the morning and afternoon compared with that of fixed PV module. It increases about 18 % in the morning from 10:00 to 12:00 and in the afternoon from 13:30 to 14:00 (local time). This study also shows the daily performance characteristic of the two PV modules. Using PV module with solar tracking provides a better performance than fixed PV module. 

Development of Pure Sine Wave Inversion System with Inbuilt Charging and Display Mechanisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Raji A. Abimbola
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Health It ◽  
Power Generator ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Wave Inversion ◽  
Running Cost

In recent years, Nigeria’s power generation output from all the available energy sources such as coal, natural gas, and water, is far from the expected number required to meet the energy demand of her teeming populace. This culminates in long hours of power outages frequently experienced in many parts of the country. However, there appears to be no end in sight to the problem. Alternatively, few citizens who can afford generator have wittingly resulted to the use of this device to supply power. Generator set has unavoidable disadvantages of high maintenance or running cost, noise pollution, and release of dangerous gases that pose danger to human lives. Evidently, that solution is risky and inadequate. Power inverter is an alternative and better means of generating electricity with little or no maintenance cost, environment or eco- friendly and poses no risk to human health. It is in that connection that we develop in this work 2KVA sine wave inversion system which produces sinusoidal A.C. signal required in homes for lightning and powering electronic gadgets like television, radio, refrigerator, Air conditioner etc. It is an improvement over square wave and modified sine wave inversion systems that generate digital approximations of A.C. signal. An interesting but new addition is the use of LCD display, interfaced with PIC16F688 microcontroller for showing the design specifications of the inverter.

Innovative Volumetric Solar Receiver Micro-Design Based on Numerical Predictions

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Capuano ◽  
Thomas Fend ◽  
Bernhard Hoffschmidt ◽  
Robert Pitz-Paal
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
Proper Design ◽  
Global Increase ◽  
Solar Power Tower ◽  
Solar Receiver

Due to the continuous global increase in energy demand, Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) represents an excellent alternative, or add-on to existing systems for the production of energy on a large scale. In some of these systems, the Solar Power Tower plants (SPT), the conversion of solar radiation into heat occurs in certain components defined as solar receivers, placed in correspondence of the focus of the reflected sunlight. In a particular type of solar receivers, defined as volumetric, the use of porous materials is foreseen. These receivers are characterized by a porous structure called absorber. The latter, hit by the reflected solar radiation, transfers the heat to the evolving fluid, generally air subject to natural convection. The proper design of these elements is essential in order to achieve high efficiencies, making such structures extremely beneficial for the overall performances of the energy production process. In the following study, a parametric analysis and an optimized characterization of the structure have been performed with the use of self-developed numerical models. The knowledge and results gained through this study have been used to define an optimization path in order to improve the absorber microstructure, starting from the current in-house state-of-the-art technology until obtaining a new advanced geometry.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Effect of External Horizontal Fixed Shading Devices’ Geometry on Internal Air Temperature, Daylighting and Energy Demand in Hot Dry Climate. Case Study of Ghardaïa, Algeria

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 348
Author(s):  
Sahar Magri Elouadjeri ◽  
Aicha Boussoualim ◽  
Hassan Ait Haddou
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Parametric Analysis ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Daylighting Simulation ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Shading Devices ◽  
Heating Loads ◽  
Shading Device ◽  
The City

The present study investigates the effect of fixed external shading devices’ geometry on thermal comfort, daylighting and energy demand for cooling and heating in the hot and dry climate of the city of Ghardaïa (Algeria). A parametric analysis was performed by using three software: RADIANCE 2.0 and DAYSIM 3.1 for daylighting simulation and TRNSYS.17 for thermal dynamic simulation. Three shading device parameters were assessed: the spacing between slats, the tilted angle and the slats installation. The vertical shading angle “VSA” is fixed; it is equal to the optimum shading angle measured for Ghardaïa. The simulation results indicate that fixed external shading devices have a significant impact on decreasing the energy demand for cooling; however, they are unable to reduce the total energy demand since they significantly increase heating loads. It was found that fixed external shading devices remove all risks associated with glare in summer by decreasing illuminance close to the window; however, they do not improve daylighting performance in winter because of glare. We note that even if the vertical shading angle “VSA” was the same for all cases, these did not present the same thermal and luminous behavior. This is mainly due to the amount and the way that the solar radiation penetrates space.

scholarly journals An empirical correlation of ambient temperature impact on PV module considering natural convection

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 627
Author(s):  
Kamil Jadu Ali ◽  
Ahmed Hasan Mohammad ◽  
Ghanim Thiab Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Convection ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Incident Angle ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Empirical Correlations ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Temperature Impact

<p><span>In this paper, the effect of the ambient temperature on the PV modules for different angles of inclinations and different intensities of the solar radiation on the surface of the PV module is considered by using empirical correlations for natural convection. An analytical model based on the energy balance equilibrium between the PV module and the environment conditions has been used. Also an expression for calculating the electric power of silicon PV modules in a function of the ambient temperature, the intensity of the solar radiation, the incident angle of the solar radiation to the surface of the PV module and the efficiency of the PV modules at STC conditions have been used. By comparing the obtained both results, it can be seen that the largest deviation between the power values obtained by the analytical model and expression is about (5 %). The results obtained indicates that in the case of a small number of PV modules corresponding to the required number for an average household, it is more economical to invest additional resources in increasing the PV module's surface area than in case of the PV module with sun tracking system. </span></p>

scholarly journals Effects of solar energy use on rural community: a study of Boyarjapha village in Paikgachha upazila

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajadul Alam Saimon ◽  
Rakibul Ahasan
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Rural And Remote Areas ◽  
Solar Electricity ◽  
Day By Day

Renewable energy is of great importance for today’s world which is generally produced from natural sources. Countries like Bangladesh has to use this energy to meet their energy demand. Day by day the demand of electricity is increasing in stormy pace but our resource is limited. So using renewable resources i.e. solar power to meet the demand of electricity is highly necessary especially rural and remote areas. This paper examined the nature and extent of solar energy in Boyarjapha village of Paikgachha Upazila of Khulna district to analyse the effects of solar panel in their daily life. Many positive impacts of solar power were found out such as better quality lighting, education, entertainment, communications, business, increasing working hours, women empowerment, increasing awareness etc. There are a few bad effects of solar energy too. But Government intervention is a must to ensure better quality results in coming future. Similarly, government has to take serious steps to advertise solar electricity in remote areas of Bangladesh

scholarly journals Design of Photovoltaic System with Different Power Point Tracking Techniques for on-Grid Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 213-219
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Incident Angle ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
High Power Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Power Point Tracking ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Power Point ◽  
Continuous Power

In India, solar energy meets consumer energy demand and majority of the plants are grid connected. Solar power is mainly depending on two factors, which are sun ray’s incident angle and change of environment conditions. The Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of photovoltaic (PV) module is necessary to maximize the extraction of PV power under partial shading conditions. The main aim of this paper is to highlight the design and implementation of 5MW solar plant with different power tracking techniques. In addition, the detailed explanation of various materials used to design the PV module is illustrated. This paper also describes the two types of solar rating panels that are used to get high power conversion efficiency as well as continuous power supply along with that the plant cost, monthly and yearly power production and corresponding efficiency is calculated.

Multilayer thin-film based nanophotonic windows: static versus electrotunable design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Kumar Chowdhary ◽  
Debabrata Sikdar
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Perfect Match ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Smart Windows ◽  
Experimental Realization ◽  
Voltage Range ◽  
Insulator Layers

Abstract To meet the global energy demand, rapid growth in fossil fuel consumption has significantly contributed to global warming. Judicious utilization of renewable energy resources could help to combat this global challenge. Here, we present a comparative study on the designs of static and electro-tunable ‘smart’ windows that could help to reduce the energy need of typical airconditioning systems deployed in buildings and motor vehicles. Our design comprises insulator–metal–insulator multi-layered thin-films deposited over a silica glass substrate to filter visible and infrared solar radiation selectively. For static windows, we optimize our design to operate in diverse climatic conditions by choosing different combinations and thicknesses of metal and insulator layers. Whereas for electro-tunable windows, we use an electro–optic polymer as the insulator layers to dynamically control portions of transmitted solar radiation over a voltage range of −12 V to +12 V. Through size-dependence analysis, we could safely assume that the performance of smart windows is less likely to degrade during experimental realization. Our designs are lithography-free, large-area compatible, polarization-independent, angle-insensitive, and robust to fabrication imperfections. The analytical results show a near-perfect match with the simulation findings. The theoretically calculated figure of merit indicates that our proposed smart windows can outperform industry-standard commercial windows.

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