Pyrometric Temperature Measurements on Solar Thermal Receivers

Solar Energy ◽  
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Pfa¨nder ◽  
Peter Heller ◽  
Eckhard Lu¨pfert
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Atmospheric Absorption ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Solar Blind ◽  
Measurement Signal ◽  
Concentrated Solar Radiation ◽  
Spectral Ranges ◽  
Further Development

The knowledge of the absorber surface temperature distribution is essential for efficient operation and further development of solar thermal high temperature receivers. However, the concentrated solar radiation makes it difficult to determine the temperature on irradiated surfaces. Contact thermometry is not appropriate and pyrometric measurements are distorted by the reflected solar radiation. The measurement in solar-blind spectral ranges offers a possible solution by eliminating the reflected solar radiation from the measurement signal. The paper shows that besides the incoming solar radiation and the absorber emittance, the bi-directional reflection properties and the temperature of the object are determining for the required selectivity of the spectral filter. Atmospheric absorption affects the solar blind pyrometric measurements in absorption bands of CO2 and water vapor. The deviation of temperature measurement due to atmospheric absorption is quantified and the possibilities and limitations of accounting for the atmospheric absorption with models based on radiation transfer calculations are discussed.

Pyrometric Temperature Measurements on Solar Thermal High Temperature Receivers

2006 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Pfänder ◽  
Eckhard Lüpfert ◽  
Peter Heller
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Atmospheric Absorption ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Solar Blind ◽  
Measurement Signal ◽  
Spectral Ranges ◽  
Further Development

The knowledge of the absorber surface temperature distribution is essential for efficient operation and further development of solar thermal high temperature receivers. However, the concentrated solar radiation makes it difficult to determine the temperature on irradiated surfaces. Contact thermometry is not appropriate and pyrometric measurements are distorted by the reflected solar radiation. The measurement in solar-blind spectral ranges offers a possible solution by eliminating the reflected solar radiation from the measurement signal. The paper shows that besides the incoming solar radiation and the absorber emittance, the bi-directional reflection properties and the temperature of the object are determining for the required selectivity of the spectral filter. Atmospheric absorption affects the solar blind pyrometric measurements in absorption bands of CO2 and water vapor. The deviation of temperature measurement due to atmospheric absorption is quantified and the possibilities and limitations of accounting for the atmospheric absorption with models based on radiation transfer calculations are discussed.

Solar blind pyrometry not relying on atmospheric absorption bands

Solar Energy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 415-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Marzo ◽  
J. Ballestrín ◽  
J. Barbero ◽  
I. Cañadas ◽  
J. Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Atmospheric Absorption ◽  
Solar Blind

Pyrometric Temperature Measurements in Solar Furnaces

2001 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Rudolf Tschudi ◽  
Gerd Morian
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Paul Scherrer Institute ◽  
Temperature Determination ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Solar Reactor ◽  
Solar Blind ◽  
Multi Wavelength ◽  
Concentrated Solar Radiation ◽  
Paul Scherrer

Surface temperatures are key parameters in many applications of concentrated solar radiation. Pyrometric temperature determination is, however, hampered by reflected solar radiation. Two approaches to solve this problem were experimentally tested on a solar reactor at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI): the flash assisted multi-wavelength pyrometry (FAMP) developed at PSI and a solar-blind pyrometer developed by the IMPAC Electronic GmbH in Frankfurt, Germany, in collaboration with PSI. Performance, advantages, and disadvantages of the two pyrometers are reported and discussed.

Looped-oxide catalysis: a solar thermal approach to bio-oil deoxygenation

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 3122-3134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory Hargus ◽  
Ronald Michalsky ◽  
Andrew A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Thermochemical Cycle ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Concentrated Solar Radiation ◽  
Oxide Catalysis

With this perspective we introduce a two-step thermochemical cycle which harnesses concentrated solar radiation to drive bio-oil deoxygenation.

Concentrating PV: An Alternative to Calorimeters for Measuring High Solar Flux Densities

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Fernández-Reche ◽  
Marcelino Sánchez ◽  
Miguel Alonso ◽  
Inmaculada Cañadas ◽  
Faustino Chenlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Radiation Flux ◽  
Comparative Test ◽  
Solar Flux ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Solar Furnace ◽  
Irradiance Measurement ◽  
Solar Radiation Flux ◽  
Concentrated Solar Radiation

Gardon calorimetric transducers are widely used to measure concentrated solar radiation flux on solar thermal areas. These measurements need some correction to adapt their response from thermal to solar irradiance measurement. The authors propose the use of concentrating photovoltaic PV-cells to measure concentrated solar radiation flux. This paper shows the results obtained from a comparative test carried out in a solar furnace measuring concentrated solar irradiance with calorimetric and photovoltaic sensors, Gardon, and PV-Cells, respectively.

scholarly journals Solar thermochemical splitting of CO2 into separate streams of CO and O2 with high selectivity, stability, conversion, and efficiency

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1142-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Marxer ◽  
Philipp Furler ◽  
Michael Takacs ◽  
Aldo Steinfeld
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Redox Cycle ◽  
Solar Reactor ◽  
Reactor Technology ◽  
Concentrated Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Thermochemical

Solar reactor technology for splitting CO2via a 2-step thermochemical redox cycle using concentrated solar radiation.

scholarly journals Sharing communities – Community currency in the sharing economy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eszter Szemerédi ◽  
Tibor Tatay
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Community Currency ◽  
Efficient Alternative ◽  
Further Development

AbstractFor the further development and more efficient operation of the sharing economy, a fast and inexpensive peer-to-peer payment system is an essential element. The aim of this study is to outline a prototype that ensures the automation and decentralization of processes through smart contracts without blockchain technology. The model has been built based on the narrative that a community currency created through smart contracts can promote genuine practices of sharing as opposed to the profit-oriented approach that most of the currently operating sharing economy platforms have. Features of the model, such as ease of use, high-speed transactions without transaction cost are benefits that can provide a more efficient alternative to the traditional or to the cryptocurrency-based centralized sharing economy platforms.

scholarly journals Minimizing the Cosine Loss in a Solar Tower Power Plant by a Change in the Heliostat Position and Number

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 2302-2304
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Incident Solar Radiation ◽  
Concentrated Solar Energy ◽  
Central Receiver ◽  
Receiver System ◽  
Concentrated Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Rays

Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) focuses sunlight in order to use the heat energy of the sun. In a central receiver system configuration, many mirrors (heliostats) individually track the sun and reflect the concentrated solar energy onto a receiver on top of a tower. The receiver contains the working fluid which is heated by the concentrated solar radiation. The useful energy that absorbed by the water flows through the receiver in solar tower plant depending on the angle between the solar rays and the position of heliostat in the region of work. Heliostat will reflect the incident solar radiation in the direction of the receiver founded in the top of the tower, in order to get a maximum incident solar radiation on the heliostat reflection area. Because of the cosine factor loss effect due to the sun position is variable along the day from sunrise to sunset, which must be in a minimum value, therefore an automated tracking system with dual axes as a control system with sensors had been built and used to stay the sunrays incident on the receiver, and enable the heliostat to flow the sun where it was

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