Pyrometric Temperature Measurements on Solar Thermal High Temperature Receivers

2006 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Pfänder ◽  
Eckhard Lüpfert ◽  
Peter Heller
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Atmospheric Absorption ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Solar Blind ◽  
Measurement Signal ◽  
Spectral Ranges ◽  
Further Development

The knowledge of the absorber surface temperature distribution is essential for efficient operation and further development of solar thermal high temperature receivers. However, the concentrated solar radiation makes it difficult to determine the temperature on irradiated surfaces. Contact thermometry is not appropriate and pyrometric measurements are distorted by the reflected solar radiation. The measurement in solar-blind spectral ranges offers a possible solution by eliminating the reflected solar radiation from the measurement signal. The paper shows that besides the incoming solar radiation and the absorber emittance, the bi-directional reflection properties and the temperature of the object are determining for the required selectivity of the spectral filter. Atmospheric absorption affects the solar blind pyrometric measurements in absorption bands of CO2 and water vapor. The deviation of temperature measurement due to atmospheric absorption is quantified and the possibilities and limitations of accounting for the atmospheric absorption with models based on radiation transfer calculations are discussed.

Pyrometric Temperature Measurements on Solar Thermal Receivers

Solar Energy ◽  
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Pfa¨nder ◽  
Peter Heller ◽  
Eckhard Lu¨pfert
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Atmospheric Absorption ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Solar Blind ◽  
Measurement Signal ◽  
Concentrated Solar Radiation ◽  
Spectral Ranges ◽  
Further Development

The knowledge of the absorber surface temperature distribution is essential for efficient operation and further development of solar thermal high temperature receivers. However, the concentrated solar radiation makes it difficult to determine the temperature on irradiated surfaces. Contact thermometry is not appropriate and pyrometric measurements are distorted by the reflected solar radiation. The measurement in solar-blind spectral ranges offers a possible solution by eliminating the reflected solar radiation from the measurement signal. The paper shows that besides the incoming solar radiation and the absorber emittance, the bi-directional reflection properties and the temperature of the object are determining for the required selectivity of the spectral filter. Atmospheric absorption affects the solar blind pyrometric measurements in absorption bands of CO2 and water vapor. The deviation of temperature measurement due to atmospheric absorption is quantified and the possibilities and limitations of accounting for the atmospheric absorption with models based on radiation transfer calculations are discussed.

Solar blind pyrometry not relying on atmospheric absorption bands

Solar Energy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 415-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Marzo ◽  
J. Ballestrín ◽  
J. Barbero ◽  
I. Cañadas ◽  
J. Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Atmospheric Absorption ◽  
Solar Blind

Application of TEM to Deformation, Wear, and Fracture of Ceramics

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 472-473
Author(s):  
B. J. Hockey
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Brittle Materials ◽  
High Temperature Strength ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Corrosive Environments ◽  
Further Development

Ceramics, such as Al2O3 and SiC have numerous current and potential uses in applications where high temperature strength, hardness, and wear resistance are required often in corrosive environments. These materials are, however, highly anisotropic and brittle, so that their mechanical behavior is often unpredictable. The further development of these materials will require a better understanding of the basic mechanisms controlling deformation, wear, and fracture.The purpose of this talk is to describe applications of TEM to the study of the deformation, wear, and fracture of Al2O3. Similar studies are currently being conducted on SiC and the techniques involved should be applicable to a wide range of hard, brittle materials.

Design of a New 45 kWe High-Flux Solar Simulator for High-Temperature Solar Thermal and Thermo-Chemical Research

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine R. Krueger ◽  
Jane H. Davidson ◽  
Wojciech Lipin´ski
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Focal Plane ◽  
Flux Distribution ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
High Flux ◽  
Chemical Research ◽  
Solar Simulator ◽  
Peak Flux ◽  
The Common

In this paper, we present a systematic procedure to design a solar simulator for high-temperature concentrated solar thermal and thermo-chemical research. The 45 kWe simulator consists of seven identical radiation units of common focus, each comprised of a 6.5 kWe xenon arc lamp close-coupled to a precision reflector in the shape of a truncated ellipsoid. The size and shape of each reflector is optimized by a Monte Carlo ray tracing analysis to achieve multiple design objectives, including high transfer efficiency of radiation from the lamps to the common focal plane and desired flux distribution. Based on the numerical results, the final optimized design will deliver 7.5 kW over a 6-cm diameter circular disc located in the focal plane, with a peak flux approaching 3.7 MW/m2.

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