Development of Risk-Based Inspection Methodology in River Crossings

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Lopes de Paula ◽  
Markus Moratti ◽  
Eduardo Henrique da Silva Rodrigues ◽  
Elivelton Pinheiro Scherrer
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Evaluation Methodology ◽  
Control Actions ◽  
Hydrological Hazards ◽  
Static And Dynamic Loads ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Survey Evaluation

The transportation system for hydrocarbons consists of an important and complex network of pipelines used by oil and gas logistics companies, designed to quickly and efficiently transport oil and gas from its origin, to areas of some demand along territory where operates. Currently Brazil has 15,000 km of transportation pipelines within about 7,500 km of right-of-way pipelines. Along its territorial extension it faces several influences along its route, being the main ones influenced by the external hazards from nature and by third party actions. TRANSPETRO has about 450 water crossings in cataloged water bodies currently. These crossings are currently characterized only according to their geometric characteristics, not considering several aspects inherent to them. The inspections at these crossings are laborious and have a high cost due to necessity of divers and bathymetry in some cases. To monitor the condition of all pipeline water crossings it is important to ensure the pipeline integrity. Depending on hydraulic phenomena, it is possible result in an exposure of the pipelines, free spans, changes in the original pipeline or excessive vibration. These changes can generate high mechanical stresses with both static and dynamic loads. The present study was characterized by the development of a methodology for assessing the susceptibility to the exposure of pipelines as a result of the hydrological hazards present at the crossings in which they are found. Moreover, this evaluation methodology offers a tool to define inspection extent and frequency, as well as the corresponding risk control actions. For this purpose, a pipeline management program has been set up, which consists in the definition of water crossings that constitute a potential hydrological hazard and where they can interact with the pipeline considering the probability of a specific hydrotechnical hazard leading the pipeline the exposure. As a result of this research it was defined a methodology to characterize pipeline crossing areas as well as field survey, evaluation of the susceptibility of pipeline exposure at crossings and the programming of control actions were defined according to the susceptibility found. Finally, the study has also presented a cost analysis of crossings inspections comparing the traditional method to the new premises adopted in this project.

Offshore Arctic Pipeline Oil Spill Risk Assessment

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Comfort ◽  
A. Dinovitzer ◽  
R. Lazor ◽  
D. Hinnah
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Barrier Islands ◽  
Failure Criteria ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Upheaval Buckling ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Pipeline Failure ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Operational Failures ◽  
Pipeline Design

Renewed interest in offshore arctic oil and gas has led to the need for pipeline designs able to minimize environmental risk. A risk evaluation was conducted to assess the relative merits of pipeline concept designs for the Liberty Pipeline, which is intended to carry oil from BP/Amoco’s Liberty site to onshore Alaska. The Liberty site is inshore of the Barrier Islands in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea, in 22 feet of water. The offshore portion of the pipeline is 6.12 miles long. Risk was defined as the oil volume expected to be spilled over the 20-year life of the Liberty Pipeline. Risks due to ice gouging, strudel scour, permafrost thaw subsidence, thermal loads leading to upheaval buckling, corrosion, third party activities, and operational failures were evaluated. Failure probabilities were assessed based on analyses of the pipeline’s response and failure criteria that were established. A consequence model was set up to quantify the oil volume released during a pipeline failure, considering the mode and location of failure as well as leak detection systems. The risk was evaluated by summing the product of event probability and consequence for each hazard. The relative risk is discussed for each pipeline design.

The specifics of mergers and acquisitions of innovative and technological companies

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1186-1204
Author(s):  
A.V. Fedorov ◽  
Zh.S. Peredera
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Technology Sector ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Innovation And Technology ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Subject. The article reviews distinctions of M&A deals in innovation and technology. Objectives. We determine the specifics of innovative and technological companies and its impact on the synergy, process, finance, valuation of M&A deals. Methods. The article employs methods of generalization, comprehensive analysis, systematization, specification, comparison, study into trends and the structure. Graphics and tables are used to display the findings. Results. We conducted the content analysis of the term Mergers & Acquisitions, thus finding the divergence of foreign and the Russian approaches. We provide our own definition of the concept and analyzed the dynamics of the overall M&A market and the innovation and technological sector. The article describes operational distinctions of innovative and technological companies and compares them with conventional sectors. The article determined the specifics of synergy, process, finance, valuation of M&A deals in innovation and technology. Conclusions and Relevance. The innovation and technology sector saw M&A deals become more frequent for the recent five years. What distinguishes them is the number of startups and infant businesses, large M&A deals in order to develop their ecosystems, involve digital technology companies. Traditional approaches should be adapted for structuring M&A deals, their arrangement, financing and valuation of target companies. The findings can lay the groundwork for further studies into the specifics of the innovation and technology sector, M&A deals, and set up the methodological framework for the valuation of innovative and technological companies. The findings can also immediately support parties of M&A deals from theoretical perspectives.

Developing capital accounting practices in the integrated reporting system of agricultural organizations

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 906-921
Author(s):  
R.A. Alborov ◽  
S.M. Kontsevaya ◽  
S.V. Kozmenkova
Keyword(s):  
Original Method ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Integrated Reporting ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Agricultural Organizations ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Agricultural Organization

Subject. This article deals with the theory-and practice-relevant issues of classification and content definition of different types of capital used as sources of operations financing, and recommendations for developing their accounting in agricultural organizations. Objectives. The article aims to substantiate the organizational and methodological aspects of capital accounting development to generate information on value reserve and creation of value as new in the organization's integrated reporting. The article also aims to define the classification and content of capital types as sources of financing for the organization's activities and develop recommendations for developing the accounting of the availability, increase, reduction or transformation of the relevant types of capital in the organization's business activities. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analogy, and comparison. The scientific works of domestic specialists and regulations, including the International Standard on Integrated Reporting (IR) are the methodological basis of this work. Results. The article defines conceptual provisions and offers practical recommendations on the set-up and development of capital flow accounting in the corporate governance system of the agricultural organization. It clarifies the classification and economic content of capital as a source of funding for the organization's reproduction activities. The article also offers an original method of accounting for the value reserve (balances) and capital changes. Conclusions and Relevance. The practical application of the developed recommendations for value accounting and capital changes will help generate all the necessary information in the integrated reporting of the agricultural organization to assess its reserves of value, create value as new, economic, environmental, and social efficiency of the organization's activities. The results of the study can be used to develop the theory, methodology and techniques of accounting of capital types as sources of financing of value creation as a result of the agricultural organization's business activities.

scholarly journals The Sankara Nethralaya Tamil Nadu Essilor Myopia (STEM) Study—Defining a Threshold for Non-Cycloplegic Myopia Prevalence in Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1215
Author(s):  
Aparna Gopalakrishnan ◽  
Jameel Rizwana Hussaindeen ◽  
Viswanathan Sivaraman ◽  
Meenakshi Swaminathan ◽  
Yee Ling Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
School Vision ◽  
Elite School ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Definition Of

The aim of this study was to investigate the agreement between cycloplegic and non-cycloplegic autorefraction with an open-field auto refractor in a school vision screening set up, and to define a threshold for myopia that agrees with the standard cycloplegic refraction threshold. The study was conducted as part of the Sankara Nethralaya Tamil Nadu Essilor Myopia (STEM) study, which investigated the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for myopia among children in South India. Children from two schools aged 5 to 15 years, with no ocular abnormalities and whose parents gave informed consent for cycloplegic refraction were included in the study. All the children underwent visual acuity assessment (Pocket Vision Screener, Elite school of Optometry, India), followed by non-cycloplegic and cycloplegic (1% tropicamide) open-field autorefraction (Grand Seiko, WAM-5500). A total of 387 children were included in the study, of whom 201 were boys. The mean (SD) age of the children was 12.2 (±2.1) years. Overall, the mean difference between cycloplegic and non-cycloplegic spherical equivalent (SE) open-field autorefraction measures was 0.34 D (limits of agreement (LOA), 1.06 D to −0.38 D). For myopes, the mean difference between cycloplegic and non-cycloplegic SE was 0.13 D (LOA, 0.63D to −0.36D). The prevalence of myopia was 12% (95% CI, 8% to 15%) using the threshold of cycloplegic SE ≤ −0.50 D, and was 14% (95% CI, 11% to 17%) with SE ≤ −0.50 D using non-cycloplegic refraction. When myopia was defined as SE of ≤−0.75 D under non-cycloplegic conditions, there was no difference between cycloplegic and non-cycloplegic open-field autorefraction prevalence estimates (12%; 95% CI, 8% to 15%; p = 1.00). Overall, non-cycloplegic refraction underestimates hyperopia and overestimates myopia; but for subjects with myopia, this difference is minimal and not clinically significant. A threshold of SE ≤ −0.75 D agrees well for the estimation of myopia prevalence among children when using non-cycloplegic refraction and is comparable with the standard definition of cycloplegic myopic refraction of SE ≤ −0.50 D.

Application of Wide-Band Ultrasound for the Detection of Angled Crack Features in Oil and Gas Pipelines

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem Vos ◽  
Petter Norli ◽  
Emilie Vallee
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Crack Detection ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Offshore Pipelines ◽  
Large Scale Testing ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Set Up

This paper describes a novel technique for the detection of cracks in pipelines. The proposed in-line inspection technique has the ability to detect crack features at random angles in the pipeline, such as axial, circumferential, and any angle in between. This ability is novel to the current ILI technology offering and will also add value by detecting cracks in deformed pipes (i.e. in dents), and cracks associated with the girth weld (mid weld cracks, rapid cooling cracks and cracks parallel to the weld). Furthermore, the technology is suitable for detection of cracks in spiral welded pipes, both parallel to the spiral weld as well as perpendicular to the weld. Integrity issues around most features described above are not addressed with ILI tools, often forcing operators to perform hydrostatic tests to ensure pipeline safety. The technology described here is based on the use of wideband ultrasound inline inspection tools that are already in operation. They are designed for the inspection of structures operating in challenging environments such as offshore pipelines. Adjustments to the front-end analog system and data collection from a grid of transducers allow the tools to detect cracks in any orientation in the line. Description of changes to the test set-up are presented as well as the theoretical background behind crack detection. Historical development of the technology will be presented, such as early laboratory testing and proof of concept. The proof of concept data will be compared to the theoretical predictions. A detailed set of results are presented. These are from tests that were performed on samples sourced from North America and Europe which contain SCC features. Results from ongoing testing will be presented, which involved large-scale testing on SCC features in gas-filled pipe spools.

Pipeline Dent Management Program

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott D. Ironside ◽  
L. Blair Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
The Past

Enbridge Pipelines Inc. operates the world’s longest and most complex liquids pipeline network. As part of Enbridge’s Integrity Management Program In-Line Inspections have been and will continue to be conducted on more than 15,000 km of pipeline. The Inspection Programs have included using the most technologically advanced geometry tools in the world to detect geometrical discontinuities such as ovality, dents, and buckles. During the past number of years, Enbridge Pipelines Inc. has been involved in developing a method of evaluating the suitability of dents in pipelines for continued service. The majority of the work involved the development of a method of modeling the stresses within a dent using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The development and validation of this model was completed by Fleet Technology Limited (FTL) through several projects sponsored by Enbridge, which included field trials and comparisons to previously published data. This model combined with proven fracture mechanics theory provides a method of determining a predicted life of a dent based on either the past or future operating conditions of the pipeline. CSA Standard Z662 – Oil and Gas Pipeline Systems provides criteria for the acceptability of dents for continued service. There have been occurrences, however, where dents that meet the CSA acceptability criteria have experienced failure. The dent model is being used to help define shape characteristics in addition to dent depth, the only shape factor considered by CSA, which contribute to dent failure. The dent model has also been utilized to validate the accuracy of current In-Line Inspection techniques. Typically a dent will lose some of its shape as the overburden is lifted from the pipeline and after the indentor is removed. Often there can be a dramatic “re-rounding” that will occur. The work included comparing the re-rounded dent shapes from a Finite Element model simulating the removal of the constraint on the pipe to the measured dent profile from a mold of the dent taken in the field after it has been excavated. This provided a measure of the accuracy of the tool. This paper will provide an overview of Enbridge’s dent management program, a description of the dent selection process for the excavation program, and a detailed review of the ILI validation work.

scholarly journals The Effect of Transversal Connection in the in-Plane Response of Double-Leaf Brick Masonry Walls

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Scandolo ◽  
Stefano Podestà
Keyword(s):  
Structural Safety ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Mechanical Parameters ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Knowledge Process ◽  
Diagonal Compression ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Simplified Mechanical Model

Abstract The evaluation of structural safety derives from the knowledge of material properties. In case of existent masonry building, the definition of reliable mechanical parameters could be a very difficult task to be achieved. For this reason, an estimation of these values is useful, for example it is the first phase of the knowledge process, for simplified mechanical model or when NTD test is the only possibility.The transversal connection in masonry panels is a technological detail that affects the static and seismic behavior and could significantly increase the strength of the element.In this paper the effect of transversal connection in double-leaf brickwork masonry panels is evaluated by diagonal compression tests. To achieve this goal, a new set-up was designed to load each leaf independently.The results have shown an increment of about 20% in strength if transversal connection is present. If the leaves have very different mechanical parameters, the tests highlight an unexpected behavior.

scholarly journals Stochastic Non-Pharmaceutical Optimal Control Strategies to Mitigate COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Scarabaggio ◽  
Raffaele Carli ◽  
Graziana Cavone ◽  
Nicola Epicoco ◽  
Mariagrazia Dotoli
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Chance Constraint ◽  
Control Actions ◽  
Regional Strategies ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Predictive Controller ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Constraint Approach

This paper proposes a stochastic non-linear model predictive controller to support policy-makers in determining robust optimal strategies to tackle the COVID-19 secondary waves. First, a time-varying <i>SIRCQTHE </i>epidemiological model (considering Susceptible, Infected, Removed, Contagious, Quarantined, Threatened, Healed, and Extinct compartments of individuals) is defined to get reliable predictions on the pandemic dynamics on a regional basis. A stochastic Model Predictive Control problem is then formulated to select the necessary control actions to minimize the arising socio-economic costs. <br>In particular, considering the unavoidable uncertainty characterizing this decision-making process, we ensure that the capacity of the network of regional healthcare systems is not violated in accordance with a chance constraint approach.<br>Furthermore, since the infection rate depends on people’s mobility, differently from the related literature, we model the control actions as interventions affecting the mobility levels associated to different socio-economic categories.<br><div>The effectiveness of the presented method in properly supporting the definition of diversified regional strategies for tackling the COVID-19 spread is tested on the network of Italian regions using real data from the Italian Civil Protection Department. However, provided the availability of reliable data, the proposed approach can be easily extended to cope with other countries' characteristics and different levels of the spatial scale.</div><div><br></div><div>Preprint of paper submitted to IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering (<em>T-ASE</em>)</div>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document