Evaluation and Acceptability Criteria for Pneumatic Pressure Tests

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guohua Li ◽  
Michael Tupper ◽  
Hong-Chan Wei ◽  
Robert House ◽  
Hamid Bidmus
Keyword(s):  
Principal Evaluation ◽  
Acceptance Criteria ◽  
Stabilization Time ◽  
Pneumatic Pressure ◽  
Measuring Devices ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
Pressure Tests ◽  
Time Test ◽  
Acceptability Criteria

Abstract A pneumatic pressure test can be performed when hydrotesting a pipe is infeasible and/or impracticable. Despite its use throughout the industry, little published reference material is available regarding this important and ubiquitous topic with no known industry codes, standards or criteria identified to provide guidance related to stabilization time, test evaluation, and acceptance criteria. This paper provides an evaluation of minimum stabilization time for various pipe sizes and lengths obtained from transient, parametric simulation results. By evaluating typical test parameters, the paper concludes that gas mass should be used as the principal evaluation criterion, since it is conserved during testing if there is no leak. This paper introduces an acceptance index for which a test can be accepted provided the acceptance index is within defined lower and upper limits obtained from the accuracy of the pressure and temperature measuring devices. Field test data from three cases studies are successfully presented to verify the feasibility and validity of the proposed acceptance criteria for natural gas mains pneumatically tested with nitrogen at test pressures in the range of 300 psig (2,068 kPag) to 900 psig (6,205 kPag).

A 350 °C piezoresistive n-type 4H-SiC pressure sensor for hydraulic and pneumatic pressure tests

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 055009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xudong Fang ◽  
Chen Wu ◽  
Yulong Zhao ◽  
Zhuangde Jiang ◽  
Weibing Rong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Sensor ◽  
Pneumatic Pressure ◽  
Pressure Tests

Evaluating Pipeline Ovality Acceptability Criteria for Straight Pipe Sections

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kemp ◽  
Justin Gossard ◽  
Shane Finneran ◽  
Joseph Bratton
Keyword(s):  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Allowable Stress ◽  
Straight Pipe ◽  
Acceptance Criteria ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Pipe Section ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Pipeline Design ◽  
Acceptability Criteria ◽  
Level 2

Pipe ovalization, a deviation from the circular nominal cross section, is a common occurrence during the manufacturing of pipe sections. Additionally, ovalization can also occur in pipelines during and after installation and construction. CSA Z662-11 [1] provides an acceptance criteria of 5% for pipeline ovality in bends, however there is a variation in acceptance criteria for pipe ovality occurring in straight pipe sections. An industry review of pipeline design, operation, and maintenance codes was conducted to determine the industry acceptance for ovality limits in straight pipe sections. Based upon this industry review, the ovality limits were evaluated against constructability limits, limitations for passage of in-line-inspection (ILI) tools, as well as evaluating the stress in an ovalized pipe section compared to the maximum allowable stress of the pipe. During this review, it was revealed that allowable stress was the limiting factor for pipeline ovality, compared to constructability and ILI tool passage, thus this paper primarily discusses limitations related to remaining strength for ovalized pipe sections. The API 579 Fitness-for-Service assessment was used to evaluate varying levels of ovality to determine acceptability criteria for ovalization in straight pipe. The criteria was first established using a level 2 Fitness-for-Service assessment, which was then evaluated with a level 3 assessment using finite element analysis. This criterion was evaluated using multiple pipeline diameters and wall thickness in order to determine scalability.

Research on Network Virtual Instrument

2013 ◽  
Vol 432 ◽  
pp. 603-608
Author(s):  
Da Wei Zhang ◽  
Xiao Jian Xie
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Virtual Instrument ◽  
Application Server ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Test Platform ◽  
Instrument Testing ◽  
Time Test ◽  
Technology Users ◽  
The Web

According to research on the technologies of virtual instrument and network, a netwok virtual instrument test structure based on mixed C/S/B mode is presented in this paper. In order to solve the problem of real-time of network test, ActiveX client control and instrument testing application server is developed based on ActiveX plug-in technology. Users can login the virtual instrument test platform through the browser, submit request commands and test parameters to the Web server, control the remote equipments, and observe the real-time test data and analysis results.

scholarly journals FORMULASI DAN UJI STABILITAS FISIK SEDIAAN MASKER GEL PEEL-OFF EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN MIANA (Coleus Scutelleroides (L.) Benth.) DENGAN BERBAGAI BASIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Indriyani Arman,Hosea Jaya Edy, Karlah L.R Mansauda
Keyword(s):  
Physical Stability ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Adhesion Test ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Time Test ◽  
Dispersion Test ◽  
The Stability

AbstractMiana leaves (Coleus Scutelleroides (L.) Benth.) contained flavonoid compounds that has antioxidants properties. This study aimed to formulate peel-off gel mask ethanol extract from Miana leaves became peel-off gel mask that is physically stable and to knows the type of base that form a formulation with good physical quality based on the test parameters of physical properties and the stability of preparation. Formulation  of peel-off gel mask ethanol extract of miana leaves used three different types of base, they are HPMC, Carbopol, and Na.CMC. Each formula is differentiated based on base of concentration which were HPMC 4%, carbopol 1%, and Na.CMC 3%. Evaluation to predict the physical stability of the preparation included organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH test, dispersion test, adhesion test and dry time test. In stability test, each formula is placed at temperature 27 oC for 28 days and made observation on the 1st, 7th, 14th, 21th, and 28th day. Based on the result, the ethanol extract of Miana leaves can be formulated into a peel-off mask and formulation with HPMC and Carbopol base has a good physical quality and physically stable compared to Na.CMC base.Keywords: Miana Leaves, Peel-Off Gel Mask, Stability Teh  AbstrakDaun Miana (Coleus Scutelleroides (L.) Benth.) memiliki kandungan senyawa flavonoid yang berkhasiat sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan ekstrak etanol daun Miana menjadi masker gel peel-off yang stabil secara fisik serta mengetahui jenis basis yang membentuk formulasi sediaan masker dengan mutu fisik yang baik berdasarkan parameter uji sifat fisik dan stabilitas sediaan. Formulasi sediaan masker gel peel-off  ekstrak etanol daun Miana dibuat dengan menggunakan tiga jenis basis yang berbeda yaitu HPMC, karbopol, dan Na.CMC. Masing-masing formula dibedakan berdasarkan basis konsentrasi yaitu HPMC 4%, karbopol 1%, dan Na.CMC 3%. Evaluasi yang dilakukan terhadap stabilitas fisik sediaan masker gel peel-off meliputi uji organoleptis, uji homogenitas, uji pH, uji daya sebar, uji daya lekat, dan uji waktu mengering. Uji stabilitas dilakukan pada suhu kamar (27 oC) selama 28 hari dan dilakukan pengamatan pada hari ke 1, 7, 14, 21, dan 28. Hasil uji stabilitas fisik sediaan masker gel peel-off ekstrak etanol daun Miana dapat diformulasikan dalam bentuk sediaan masker gel peel-off , dan formula masker dengan basis HPMC dan karbopol memiliki mutu fisik yang baik dan stabil secara fisik dibandingkan dengan basis Na.CMC.Kata kunci: Daun Miana, Masker gel peel-off, Uji Stabilitas.

An Evaluation of the Rectum-to-Lung Ether Time Test in Shunt Operations for Portal Hypertension and in Liver Disease

1954 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 781-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheldon S. Waldstein ◽  
Bruce T. Forsyth ◽  
Edward J. Jahnke
Keyword(s):  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Time Test

Caffeine and Placebo Expectation

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunfeng Sun ◽  
Yinling Zhang ◽  
Ning He ◽  
Xufeng Liu ◽  
Danmin Miao
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Cardiovascular Regulation ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Pressure Tests ◽  
Healthy Males

Abstract. Caffeine placebo expectation seems to improve vigilance and cognitive performance. This study investigated the effect of caffeine and placebo expectation on vigilance and cognitive performance during 28 h sleep deprivation. Ten healthy males volunteered to take part in the double-blind, cross-over study, which required participants to complete five treatment periods of 28 h separated by 1-week wash-out intervals. The treatments were no substance (Control); caffeine 200 mg at 00:00 (C200); placebo 200 mg at 00:00 (P200); twice caffeine 200 mg at 00:00 and 04:00 (C200-C200); caffeine 200 mg at 00:00 and placebo 200 mg at 04:00 (C200-P200). Participants were told that all capsules were caffeine and given information about the effects of caffeine to increase expectation. Vigilance was assessed by a three-letter cancellation test, cognitive functions by the continuous addition test and Stroop test, and cardiovascular regulation by heart rate and blood pressure. Tests were performed bihourly from 00:00 to 10:00 of the second day. Results indicated that C200-P200 and C200-C200 were more alert (p < .05) than Control and P200. Their cognitive functions were higher (p < .05) than Control and P200. Also, C200-P200 scored higher than C200 in the letter cancellation task (p < .05). No test showed any significant differences between C200-P200 and C200-C200. The results demonstrated that the combination of caffeine 200 mg and placebo 200 mg expectation exerted prolonged positive effects on vigilance and cognitive performance.

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