Code Compliance of a New Metallic Composite Pipeline

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin McKinnon ◽  
David J. Miles ◽  
Raymond N. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Thin Wall ◽  
Metal Composite ◽  
Metallic Composite ◽  
Safety Margins ◽  
Composite Pipe ◽  
Qualification Testing

The composite pipe system, known as XPipe™, is a steel strip laminate technology which uses high-performance adhesives to manufacture a metallic composite pipe. It offers a new method of low cost pipeline construction suitable for onshore gas and oil pipelines in a variety of configurations. The pipe is based on a thin wall liner that provides the fluid containment, the material of which will vary according to service requirements. Fusion bonded epoxy (FBE) coated martensitic ultra-high strength steel strips are then pre-formed and helically wound around the liner to form a laminated high strength reinforcing layer providing the pipe’s hoop strength. These are bonded using an adhesive. Unlike conventional linepipe that is manufactured in a pipe mill away from the construction site, this lightweight composite pipe can be produced at the construction facility using a portable manufacturing line. All components of the manufacturing process fit within standard ISO containers, each weighing between 5 and 15 tonnes. This allows for easy transportation via truck, and handling or shipping. Existing regulations and codes make no specific reference to metal composite pipes. They are mainly written for steel pipe lines with some mention of plastic pipe. The paper presents a comprehensive review of the following US onshore design codes (ASME B31.4/B31.8) and relevant regulations (CFR (DOT) 49 P192 / P195) in order to establish the applicability of these codes for use on XPipe. The paper describes how XPipe meets the code and regulation requirements with regard to safety, design, material, construction, inspection, testing, operation and maintenance. The paper will identify any areas where XPipe does not meet code and regulation requirements and describe the testing and /or design changes that have been made in order to meet the code requirements. The paper will focus on the how the XPipe can meet the practical requirements of these codes. The paper will describe how the qualification testing is being performed in accordance with DNV-RP-A203 Qualification Procedures for New Technology. The qualification testing focuses on how the XPipe meets or exceeds pipeline safety margins with regard to typical failure modes such as yield, burst, facture, fatigue, collapse, etc. This is a continuous process and is being updated after each step using the available knowledge on the status of the qualification.

In-Field Production of a New Metallic Composite Pipeline

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Venero ◽  
Tom Ody ◽  
Raymond N. Burke ◽  
David J. Miles
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Steel Strip ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Pipe Production ◽  
Acceptance Test ◽  
Thin Wall ◽  
Pipe System ◽  
Metallic Composite ◽  
Integration Test ◽  
Composite Pipe

The composite pipe system, known as XPipe™, is a steel strip laminate technology which uses high-performance adhesives to manufacture a metallic composite pipe. It offers a new method of low cost pipeline construction suitable for onshore gas and oil pipelines in a variety of configurations. The pipe is based on a thin wall liner that provides the fluid containment, the material of which will vary according to service requirements. Fusion bonded epoxy (FBE) coated martensitic ultra-high strength steel strips are then pre-formed and helically wound around the liner to form a laminated high strength reinforcing layer providing the pipe’s hoop strength. These are bonded using an adhesive. Unlike conventional linepipe that is manufactured in a pipe mill away from the construction site, this lightweight composite pipe can be produced at the construction facility using a portable manufacturing line. All components of the manufacturing process fit within standard ISO containers, each weighing between 5 and 15 tonnes. This allows for easy transportation via truck, and handling or shipping. This paper describes the Factory Acceptance Test (FAT) and subsequent Site Integration Test (SIT) of the containerised pipe manufacturing facility. The FAT was performed in factory conditions in Rome, NY (December 2008) and demonstrated acceptable operation of the complete pipe production line. For the SIT, a site in Houston, TX was chosen which would be broadly representative of in-field conditions. The SIT was performed between April and June 2009 and demonstrated acceptable in-field operation of the pipe production system. The paper also describes the results of full-scale testing performed on pipe produced during the SIT and FAT, including burst, tension and cyclic pressure testing pipe sections.

scholarly journals Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High Vacuum Die-Cast AlSiMgMn Alloys at as-Cast and T6-Treated Conditions

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2065
Author(s):  
Fei Liu ◽  
Haidong Zhao ◽  
Runsheng Yang ◽  
Fengzhen Sun
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Thin Wall ◽  
T6 Heat Treatment ◽  
Die Cast ◽  
Strength And Ductility

Al–Si–Mg based alloys can provide high strength and ductility to satisfy the increasing demands of thin wall castings for automotive applications. This study has investigated the effects of T6 heat-treatment on the microstructures, the local mechanical properties of alloy phases and the fracture behavior of high vacuum die-cast AlSiMgMn alloys using in-situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in combination with nano-indentation testing. The microstructures of the alloys at as-cast and T6 treated conditions were compared and analyzed. It is found that the T6 heat treatment plays different roles in affecting the hardness and the Young’s modulus of alloy phases. This study also found that the T6 heat treatment would influence the failure modes of the alloys. The mechanisms of crack propagation in the as-cast and T6 treated alloys were also analyzed and discussed.

Key Quality Aspects for a New Metallic Composite Pipe: Corrosion Testing, Welding, Weld Inspection and Manufacturing

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Conder ◽  
Peter Felton ◽  
Richard Smith ◽  
Raymond Burke ◽  
Frits Dijkstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steel Strip ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Pipe Production ◽  
Metallic Composite ◽  
Quality Aspects ◽  
Composite Pipe ◽  
Ultrasonic Techniques ◽  
Weld Inspection ◽  
Robust Manufacturing

The composite pipe system, known as XPipe™, uses high-performance adhesives to manufacture a metallic composite pipe. Both technical development and a robust manufacturing quality system are required to ensure the safe use of such novel technology. Several aspects are discussed in this paper. Firstly, the use of ultra-high strength martensitic steels in a buried, cathodically protected environment requires an understanding of their susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement. A series of slow strain rate and constant load tests was performed under polarised conditions to establish any reduction in ductility over samples tested in air. The results are presented and implications for their use in such a system are discussed. Secondly, although the technology to perform quality welds in thin walled austenitic materials using automated orbital techniques is well established, weld inspection by radiographic techniques is not preferred due to the continuous nature of the process and safety considerations. However, the inspection of such welds by ultrasonic techniques is challenging due to the coarse grained nature of the austenitic welds and the thinness of the liner, well below the 6mm normally considered the minimum for conventional weld inspection. Therefore, Automated Ultrasonic Testing (AUT) requires optimized ultrasonic techniques. AUT capabilities and recommendations towards an optimal inspection concept will be discussed in this paper. Thirdly, the manufacture of the liner, ultra-high strength steel strip and adhesive into the XPipe™ composite pipe requires a robust manufacturing control system, which maintains traceability of the incoming materials and controls and records all the essential parameters during pipe production. This is achieved using a sophisticated SCADA system, using feedback from a variety of sensors.

scholarly journals Compressive behaviours of octet-truss lattices

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (16) ◽  
pp. 3257-3269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Li ◽  
Huaiyuan Gu ◽  
Martyn Pavier ◽  
Harry Coules
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Compressive Response ◽  
Beam Elements ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Octet Truss

Octet-truss lattice structures can be used for lightweight structural applications due to their high strength-to-density ratio. In this research, octet-truss lattice specimens were fabricated by stereolithography additive manufacturing with a photopolymer resin. The mechanical properties of this structure have been examined in three orthogonal orientations under the compressive load. Detailed comparison and description were carried out on deformation mechanisms and failure modes in different lattice orientations. Finite element models using both beam elements and three-dimensional solid elements were used to simulate the compressive response of this structure. Both the load reaction and collapse modes obtained in simulations were compared with test results. Our results indicate that three-dimensional continuum element models are required to accurately capture the behaviour of real trusses, taking into account the effects of finite-sized beams and joints.

scholarly journals Microstructure and Mechanical Performance of Resistance Spot Welded Martensitic Advanced High Strength Steel

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1021
Author(s):  
Yunzhao Li ◽  
Huaping Tang ◽  
Ruilin Lai
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Weld Nugget ◽  
Resistance Spot ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Cross Tension ◽  
Spot Welded

Resistance spot welded 1.2 mm (t)-thick 1400 MPa martensitic steel (MS1400) samples are fabricated and their microstructure, mechanical properties are investigated thoroughly. The mechanical performance and failure modes exhibit a strong dependence on weld-nugget size. The pull-out failure mode for MS1400 steel resistance spot welds does not follow the conventional weld-nugget size recommendation criteria of 4t0.5. Significant softening was observed due to dual phase microstructure of ferrite and martensite in the inter-critical heat affected zone (HAZ) and tempered martensite (TM) structure in sub-critical HAZ. However, the upper-critical HAZ exhibits obvious higher hardness than the nugget zone (NZ). In addition, the mechanical properties show that the cross-tension strength (CTS) is about one quarter of the tension-shear strength (TSS) of MS1400 weld joints, whilst the absorbed energy of cross-tension and tension-shear are almost identical.

scholarly journals Manufacturing and development of a bolted GFRP flange joint for oil and gas applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440542198951
Author(s):  
Muhsin Aljuboury ◽  
Md Jahir Rizvi ◽  
Stephen Grove ◽  
Richard Cullen
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Polyester Resin ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Adhesively Bonded ◽  
Acceptable Quality ◽  
Composite Pipe ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Composite Pipes

The goal of this experimental study is to manufacture a bolted GFRP flange connection for composite pipes with high strength and performance. A mould was designed and manufactured, which ensures the quality of the composite materials and controls its surface grade. Based on the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section X, this GFRP flange was fabricated using biaxial glass fibre braid and polyester resin in a vacuum infusion process. In addition, many experiments were carried out using another mould made of glass to solve process-related issues. Moreover, an investigation was conducted to compare the drilling of the GFRP flange using two types of tools; an Erbauer diamond tile drill bit and a Brad & Spur K10 drill. Six GFRP flanges were manufactured to reach the final product with acceptable quality and performance. The flange was adhesively bonded to a composite pipe after chamfering the end of the pipe. Another type of commercially-available composite flange was used to close the other end of the pipe. Finally, blind flanges were used to close both ends, making the pressure vessel that will be tested under the range of the bolt load and internal pressure.

Accelerated testing of super lightweight UHPC waffle deck under heavy vehicle simulator

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
Sahar Ghasemi ◽  
Amir Mirmiran ◽  
Yulin Xiao ◽  
Kevin Mackie
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heavy Vehicle ◽  
Wheel Load ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Vehicle Simulator ◽  
Pavement Testing ◽  
Heavy Vehicle Simulator

A super lightweight deck can enhance load rating and functionality of a bridge, especially those identified as structurally deficient. This study was aimed to develop and experimentally validate a novel bridge deck as an ultra-lightweight low-profile waffle slab of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) with either carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) or high strength steel (HSS) reinforcement. The proposed system lends itself to accelerated bridge construction, rapid deck replacement in bridges with load restrictions, and bridge widening applications without the need to replace girders. Performance and failure modes of the proposed deck were initially assessed through extensive lab experiments and finite element analysis, which together confirmed that the proposed deck panel meets the AASHTO LRFD requirements. The proposed deck system is not susceptible to punching shear of its thin slab and fails in a rather ductile manner. To evaluate its long-term performance, the system was further tested under the dynamic impact of wheel load at the Accelerated Pavement Testing (APT) facility of the Florida Department of Transportation using a Heavy Vehicle Simulator (HVS).

Root cause analysis of liner collapse and crack of bi-metal composite pipe used for gas transmission

2021 ◽  
pp. 105942
Author(s):  
Zhang Shuxin ◽  
Ma Qianzhi ◽  
Xu Changfeng ◽  
Li Lifeng ◽  
Wang Mingfeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Cause Analysis ◽  
Metal Composite ◽  
Cause Analysis ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Composite Pipe

In-Situ Continuous Process for Bonding Glass-Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene to Wood

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthik Ramani ◽  
Michael Smith ◽  
Heming Dai
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Bond Line ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Processing Times ◽  
Lap Shear ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Anisotropic Fiber

Abstract Process conditions are developed for the manufacture of composite reinforcement for oak. Commingled glass and polypropylene fibers are consolidated in-situ on the surface of oak. Processing times from 30 to 120 seconds and pressures from .34 MPa to 1.4 MPa are tested. Micrographs of the composite and bond line reveal anisotropic fiber distribution in the composite, dry reinforcing fibers, voids, and incomplete consolidation. These microstructures are correlated with the processing problems which cause them, including insufficient heating time, poor matrix/glass mixing, and insufficient pressure to suppress void development. Lap shear strength and failure modes are related to microstructural features.

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