Assessment and Management of SCC in a Liquid Pipeline: Case Study

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Cazenave ◽  
Samarth Tandon ◽  
Ming Gao ◽  
Ravi Krishnamurthy ◽  
Romina Peverelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crack Detection ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Reliable Assessment ◽  
Integrity Management

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is a major concern for most gas and oil pipeline operators. Extensive efforts continue to be made to develop strategies for a better management of the problem. The quantification of the life cycle and risk of SCC rupture for a post inspection integrity assessment requires knowledge of (1) Quality of Inspection, namely POD (Probability of Detection), POI (Probability of Identification) and Actual Sizing Tolerance (2) Material and Metallurgy; (3) Appropriate Assessment Methods; and (4) Crack Growth Rates. Previous experience gained from the crack detection inspections showed POD and POI for deep cracks are generally high, with sizing limited up to 40% wt. The uncertainty in sizing for shallow cracks is usually higher, and may not meet the specified tolerance at a specified certainty and confidence level. POD, POI and sizing accuracy can be affected by the inspection operation including speed, other defects and geometry irregularity along the pipeline. Therefore, the qualification of the tool inspection performance directly impacts on the reliability of the assessment and serves as the basis for a reliable assessment. In this paper, an approach for managing high pH SCC in a 30″ × 340 Km oil pipeline in Mexico is presented. The approach consists of a comprehensive verification excavation plan, a strict in-ditch NDT investigation protocol, statistical models for POD, POI and sizing tolerance analyses, and an appropriate assessment methodology supported by the material testing program. With all the results obtained from application of the approach, the integrity management strategies are developed. An action plan for future integrity is established and being refined from time-to-time prior to next inspection.

SCC Management and Integrity Planning in a Gas Pipeline

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Katz ◽  
Sergio Limon ◽  
Ming Gao ◽  
Rick McNealy ◽  
Ravi Krishnamurthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Crack Detection ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
Crack Growth Rates

Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) is a major integrity management concern for many gas and oil pipeline operators. Predictive models for Stress Corrosion Crack growth were developed using laboratory test data from the mid 1970’s, and limited inspection data and excavation measurements from the early 1990’s. Extensive efforts continue to be made to develop strategies for a better management of the SCC problem. In this paper, a study of crack growth rates was conducted on the Williams 16-inch gas pipeline using data from two consecutive in-line crack detection tool runs and direct field measurements. Findings from this study provide a direct measurement of crack growth rates for ILI crack features with depths ranging from 12.5%wt to 40%wt. Future integrity of the pipeline was assessed. The integrity management strategies could be further refined using the calculated crack growth rate, field excavation data and fracture mechanics based API 579 FAD approach.

Integrity Planning and SCC Management in a Liquid Pipeline

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bill Gu ◽  
Wayne Feil ◽  
Richard Kania ◽  
Ming Gao ◽  
Ravi Krishnamurthy
Keyword(s):  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Crack Detection ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
First Time ◽  
Crack Growth Rates

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is a major concern for many gas and oil pipeline operators. Extensive efforts continue to be made to develop strategies for a better management of the problem. Predictive models for stress corrosion crack growth were developed using lab testing data, limited inspection and excavation measurements since mid 70s and early 90s, respectively. In this paper, a systematic study of crack growth rates was conducted on the Imperial Oil Rainbow 24 NPS pipeline based on the two consecutive UltraScan Crack Detection (USCD) tool runs and field measurements. Findings of this study provide, perhaps, for the first time since the phenomenon was discovered, a direct measurement of crack growth rates for shallow cracks (in the category of <12.5%wt). Future integrity of the pipeline was assessed and the integrity management strategies were refined using the determined crack growth rate and fracture mechanics based approach. In addition, the susceptibility of SCC was studied in detail using a decision tree approach for data mining. Some important correlations between SCC susceptibility and environmental and mechanical variables were identified and presented. Findings on SCC susceptibility are discussed in terms of environmental and loading parameters such as soil, drainage, topography, pressure, and CP along the pipeline.

scholarly journals The Strategy of Salt Business Development: A Case Study in Sumenep, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 226 ◽  
pp. 00036
Author(s):  
Rika Diananing ◽  
Amilia Destryana ◽  
Ribut Santosa ◽  
Noor Illi Mohamad Puad ◽  
Agustine Christela Melviana
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Business Management ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
Cooperation Strategy

Sumenep is one of the salt producers in Indonesia. The problem experienced by farmers is the production of salt using evaporation by solar energy that depends on the weather and the low price, caused by worse business management. Salt is a potential commodity, because its market is still wide open. This research aims to develop the salt production method and development strategy of salt business in Sumenep Regency by using SWOT analysis. The result of the analysis concludes that the priority of salt development business strategy in Sumenep Regency are: i) Geoisolator technology application strategy to produce good quality of salt; ii) cooperation strategy in group mechanism to build power and increasing the bargaining value of the farmers; iii) capital strengthening strategy through partner cooperatives; iv) broader marketing management management strategies to industrial salt user sectors.

Regulatory Next Steps in Addressing Pipeline Seam Weld Challenges

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Nanney
Keyword(s):  
Crack Detection ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
Integrity Assurance ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Since the beginning of pipeline transportation operations, pipe seam integrity and mitigation measures to prevent pipe seam leaks and failures have been a challenge for the industry and government regulators. The Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration’s (PHMSA) Office of Pipeline Safety (OPS) has investigated leaks and failures, issued advisory bulletins, funded research projects, and developed regulations for integrity assurance of pipe seams during pipeline design, construction, and operations and maintenance (including integrity management). This report will discuss PHMSA’s pipe seam efforts to date, framing leak and failure history, past advisory bulletins, United States (U.S.) Legislative and Executive actions (statutory actions), recent U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) findings, accident investigation findings, and ongoing research for pipe long seam welds. PHMSA will review challenges and summarize past and possible future regulatory considerations based on the research findings to date and pipe seam incidents. In 2011 PHMSA initiated a long seam research project titled “Comprehensive Study to Understand Longitudinal ERW Seam Failures.” The program goals are to assist PHMSA in favorably closing U.S. NTSB Recommendations P-09-01 [1] and P-09-02 [1], which were issued after the Carmichael, Mississippi pipeline electric resistance welded (ERW) seam rupture, and recommended that PHMSA conduct a comprehensive study of ERW pipe properties and implement measures to assure that they do not fail in service. The research objectives for Phase 1 were to review current ERW seam integrity assessment methods (hydrostatic testing and in-line inspection using a crack-detection tool) to understand measures needed to consistently identify subcritical seam defects in order to act in time to prevent ERW seam ruptures. Phase 2 objectives are to develop hydrotest protocols, improve anomaly characterization criteria, develop seam defect growth models, and develop seam integrity management techniques. Phase 1 was completed in early January 2014, and Phase 2 is scheduled to be completed in late fall 2014. To date, this study has led to 17 technical reports. These reports are publically available on the following PHMSA website: http://primis.phmsa.dot.gov/matrix/PrjHome.rdm?prj=390.

scholarly journals MANAJEMEN STRATEGI DALAM MENINGKATKAN MUTU PELAYANAN KEPEGAWAIAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-197
Author(s):  
Hefniy Hefniy ◽  
Refi Najma Fairus
Keyword(s):  
Planning Process ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Strategy Management ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Interactive Analysis ◽  
Evaluation Strategies ◽  
Service Standards

Strategy Management in improving the quality of staffing services in the Probolinggo District Education Office. The purpose of this article was to study the management of strategies carried out by the Education Office of Probolinggo District specifically service personnel and the quality of staffing services from the implementation of the management strategies in the Probolinggo District Education Office. This study uses qualitative methods with a type of case study research. The data analysis used is the Interactive analysis model of Miles and Huberman. The results is showed that the management strategy carried out by the Probolinggo District Education Office was also applied to staffing services guided by the Provincial RPJP and Probolinggo District RPJMD using a strategic planning process, implementing strategies and evaluation strategies. And the quality of the Probolinggo District Education Office staffing services after the strategy management has been fairly good with reference to the fulfillment of five service standards.

KOC’s Integrity Management Program for Non-Piggable Pipelines: A Case Study

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Khera ◽  
Abdul Wahab Al-Mithin ◽  
James E. Marr ◽  
Shabbir T. Safri ◽  
Saleh Al-Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Pipeline Network ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Direct Assessment ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
External Corrosion

More than half of the world’s oil and gas pipelines are classified as non-piggable. Pipeline operators are becoming aware there are increased business and legislative pressures to ensure that appropriate integrity management techniques are developed, implemented and monitored for the safe and reliable operation of their pipeline asset. The Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) has an ongoing “Total Pipeline Integrity Management System (TPIMS)” program encompassing their entire pipeline network. In the development of this program it became apparent that not all existing integrity management techniques could be utilized or applied to each pipeline within the system. KOC, upon the completion of a risk assessment analysis, simply separated the pipelines into two categories consisting of piggable and non-piggable lines. The risk analysis indicated KOC’s pipeline network contains more than 200 non-piggable pipelines, representing more than 60% of their entire pipeline system. These non-piggable pipelines were to be assessed by utilizing External Corrosion Direct Assessment (ECDA) for the threat of external corrosion. Following the risk analysis, a baseline external corrosion integrity assessment was completed for each pipeline. The four-step, iterative External Corrosion Direct Assessment (ECDA) process requires the integration of data from available line histories, multiple indirect field surveys, direct examination and the subsequent post assessment of the documented results. This case study will describe the available correlation results following the four steps of the DA process for specific non-piggable lines. The results of the DA program will assist KOC in the systematic evaluation of each individual non-piggable pipeline within their system.

Total Pipeline Integrity Management System Implemented for KOC Pipelines: A Case Study

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Robb Isaac ◽  
Saleh Al-Sulaiman ◽  
Monty R. Martin ◽  
Sandeep Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Integrity Management

In early 2005, Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) initiated a Total Pipeline Integrity Management System (TPIMS) implementation in order to carry out a major integrity assessment of its operating facilities, equipment, buried plant piping and pipeline network and to establish a continuing integrity management program. KOC Transit System is a complex infrastructure consisting of over three hundred pipelines, thousands of wellhead flow lines, and consumer and offshore lines for which there was a significant loss of data when the facilities were destroyed during a military invasion in 1990. An initial pipeline system assessment identified issues and actions regarding condition of the pipelines, corridors, requirements on in-line inspection (ILI), documentation, RISK assessment, status of international code compliance, and overall state of the system. Following recommendations from that initial assessment led to the development of a long term strategy; the execution of which required the implementation of a comprehensive integrity management program. This case study discusses the results obtained after five years of implementation of TPIMS at KOC. It will demonstrate some of the complex components involved in managing the integrity of the Transit System that have been made possible through the implementation of the system. The general concept and structure of TPIMS will be described, and how it deals with the complexity of the KOC pipeline system. The system made it possible to integrate and manage data from various sources, by conducting integrity assessment using ILI, Direct Assessment and hydrostatic testing, as well as structure a comprehensive RISK & Decision Support mechanism. This is one of the world’s first implementations of this magnitude which encompasses such a wide range of services and variables; all being managed in a single environment and utilized by a multitude of users in different areas at KOC. The biggest challenge in a project of this scope is data management. Examples will be shown of the integration structure to illustrate the benefits of using a single comprehensive and versatile platform to manage system requirements; ultimately providing system reliability and improving overall operational efficiency.

Integration of Multiple ILI Technologies for Robust Understanding of Unique Anomalies on a Pipeline

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor Shie ◽  
Andrew Lutz ◽  
Paul Taverna
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Crack Detection ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Magnetic Flux Leakage ◽  
Electric Resistance ◽  
Seamless Pipe ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
Flux Leakage

Abstract Pipeline operators have many choices when selecting inline inspection (ILI) vendors and technologies. No single technology has a one hundred percent probability of detection, identification, and sizing for all anomaly types. Operators must match the threats on their system to the existing capabilities of the ILI technologies to achieve the goals defined by the company’s integrity management program. It is sometimes necessary to run multiple technologies to effectively assess all threats in a pipeline. Multiple technologies may be run during the same timeframe or they may be run at different times during the life of the pipeline to meet program goals. Shell Pipeline Company, LP (SPLC) has a pipeline that is comprised of low frequency electric resistance welded (LFERW) pipe from Youngstown Sheet and Tube, seamless pipe from National Tube, double submerged arc welded (DSAW) pipe from Kaiser, and high frequency electric resistance welded (HF-ERW) pipe. The LF-ERW pipe was installed in 1948 while the HF-ERW was installed during relatively recent replacement projects. The DSAW pipe was installed in 1952 with the seamless pipe being installed in both 1948 and 1952. From 2015 through 2018, SPLC executed an extensive integrity management program. This included: an axial magnetic flux leakage (AMFL) inspection, two circumferential magnetic flux leakage (CMFL) inspections, two deformation inspections, an electro-magnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) inspection, an ultrasonic crack detection (UTCD) inspection, an ultrasonic wall measurement (UTWM) inspection, and a hydrotest. A dig campaign of nearly 100 excavations was completed as a result of these surveys. One of the focuses of the paper will be the comparison of EMAT to UTCD for Likely Cracks, Possible Cracks and Unlikely Cracks that have been field verified. This paper also shares some of the unique anomalies found through the dig campaign identifying the effectiveness of each technology and their combination for integrity purposes. The paper shows the benefits of combining ILI technologies to properly characterize, assess and mitigate reported anomalies and ensure there are no blind spots in the integrity management program. Case studies including dent with gouge (e.g. AMFL + Deformation), manufacturing, and cracking anomalies as well as the analytics of ILI versus field findings are presented and discussed in the paper. The paper concludes with the knowledge creation resulting from multiple ILI technology integration assisted with subject matter expert experience and analytics to provide a robust understanding of unique anomalies in pipelines.

scholarly journals A Case Study for Implementing a Plant Corrosion Inspection and Maintenance Anomaly and Integrity Management System on the Sabratha Gas Production Offshore Platform in the Mediterranean Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Magdi H. Mussa ◽  
Mahmoud Dukali ◽  
Yaqub Rahaq
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Offshore Platform ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Integrity Management

Corrosion and maintenance anomaly and integrity management systems (AIMS) are now the foundation of many industrial and engineering systems regarding sustainability and long-lasting assets. The oil and gas industry has started developing new, integrated management systems to keep its assets safe from real external failures. However, the overlapping of assets’ integrity responsibilities occur when a conflict of interests, such as production, safety, environmental, and financial interfacing, are inaccurately weighed against each other. This paper will review the case study of the anomaly and integrity management systems implemented on the Sabratha offshore platform. In order to achieve sustainable asset implementation, it is essential to identify the different weights given to the critical factors controlling the operational anomaly and integrity of facilities on offshore platforms and re-classify the potential failures. Therefore, design practices are reviewed. Moreover, inspection techniques and strategies are re-assessed and used to describe the consistent integrity assessment techniques linked to anomaly monitoring and maintenance criteria. Finally, the anomaly and integrity management system design use activity, process models, structures, and flow diagrams are reviewed. This work will be helpful for the further enhancement of a new machine learning system to support this approach.

The Quality Of Service Delivery In Zimbabwean Urban Councils: A Case Study Of Bindura Municipality 2009 To 2011.

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denhere Webster ◽  
Tafirei Felex ◽  
Onias Zivanai ◽  
Muchingami Lovemore
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Structured Interviews

The study sought to assess the quality of service delivery in Zimbabwean urban councils using Bindura Municipality as a case study. The objectives of the study were to establish the levels of service quality, determine the challenges that hindered quality service delivery, analyse the service quality management strategies and propose suitable strategies Bindura municipality can adopt to enhance service quality delivery.A descriptive survey design was used and questionnaires and structured interviews were used as data collection instruments. A sample of 300 householdswas drawn from the municipality rate payers’ data base. The population was stratified into low, medium and high density residents. Systematic random sampling was used to draw the participants in each stratum. Ten interviews were conducted with senior management using convenience sampling and documentary evidence was generated from menus, minutes and reports. The major findings were that the quality of service delivery was generally poor. This was mainly attributed to inadequate and disintegrated service delivery and management strategies. In addition human resource issues, poor governance structures and political interferences were causes of concern. It was concluded that the quality of service delivery by Bindura Municipality fell far short of residents’ expectations.The study recommended that for effective service delivery the municipality should among other strategies, adopt blue printing and total quality management. 

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