Some Aspects on West-East Gas Transmission Pipeline Steels and Pipes

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaorong Feng ◽  
Chunyong Huo ◽  
Qiurong Ma ◽  
Helin Li
Keyword(s):  
General Situation ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Pipeline Steels ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Transmission Pipeline ◽  
Pipeline Project ◽  
Fracture Control ◽  
Submerged Arc ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Grade Steel

The general situation of West-East Gas Transmission Pipeline Project has been introduced. The selection of operating pressure, material grade, steel pipe type, microstructure and the fracture control of the pipeline have been discussed according to international gas pipeline developing trends and related research achievements. The research and production of X70 grade acicular ferrite pipeline steels and spiral submerged arc welded pipes have been introduced finally.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of High-Nb X80 Steel Weld Pipes for the Second West-to-East Gas Transmission Pipeline Project

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui-ying Qiao ◽  
Xiao-wei Chen ◽  
Zhi-en Zhang ◽  
Xiu-lin Han ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Steel Pipe ◽  
Steel Weld ◽  
Steel Pipes ◽  
Transmission Pipeline ◽  
Pipeline Project ◽  
X80 Steel ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Grade Steel

The mechanical properties of steel pipe have great effects on the integrality and operation safety of gas transmission pipeline. In order to reduce the cost of the steel pipe, the high-Nb X80 pipeline steels with the different alloying systems have been used in the Second West-to-East Gas Transmission Pipeline Project. Nevertheless, an investigation into the effects of chemical composition on the mechanical properties of steel pipes is lacking. In this work, the chemical composition and mechanical properties of high-Nb X80 grade steel pipes with a diameter of ϕ1,219 mm and a wall thickness of 22 mm, which are coiled by steels manufactured by three mills, have been analyzed. Furthermore, the effects of chemical composition of the steels on the mechanical properties of the pipe body and weld joint were discussed.

Effect of Thermal Aging on Strain Capacity of X80 SAW Pipes

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidenori Shitamoto ◽  
Masahiko Hamada ◽  
Nobuaki Takahashi ◽  
Yuki Nishi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Aging ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Submerged Arc Welding ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Strain Capacity ◽  
Submerged Arc ◽  
Pipe Bending

Application of API X80 grade line pipes has been promoted to increase the operating pressure. It is generally known that the deformability of submerged arc welding (SAW) pipes is decreased by increasing strength of the pipes. The assessment of the strain capacity of X80 SAW pipes is required for strain-based design (SBD). In the assessment of the strain capacity, one of the important issues is the effect of thermal aging during the anti-corrosion coating on the yielding phenomenon. In this study, full-scale pipe bending tests of X80 SAW pipes produced by UOE process were performed to evaluate the effect of thermal aging on the strain capacity.

scholarly journals Enriching CBT by Neuroscience: Novel Avenues to Achieve Personalized Treatments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristoffer N T Månsson ◽  
Ulrike Lueken ◽  
Andreas Frick
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Therapy Outcomes ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Key Topics ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Way

Abstract Although cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an established and efficient treatment for a variety of common mental disorders, a considerable number of patients do not respond to treatment or relapse after successful CBT. Recent findings and approaches from neuroscience could pave the way for clinical developments to enhance the outcome of CBT. Herein, we will present how neuroscience can offer novel perspectives to better understand (a) the biological underpinnings of CBT, (b) how we can enrich CBT with neuroscience-informed techniques (augmentation of CBT), and (c) why some patients may respond better to CBT than others (predictors of therapy outcomes), thus paving the way for more personalized and effective treatments. We will introduce some key topics and describe a selection of findings from CBT-related research using tools from neuroscience, with the hope that this will provide clinicians and clinical researchers with a brief and comprehensible overview of the field.

Pressure Test Planning to Prevent Internal Corrosion by Residual Fluids

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Place ◽  
Greg Sasaki ◽  
Colin Cathrea ◽  
Michael Holm
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Internal Corrosion ◽  
Pressure Testing ◽  
Practical Strategy ◽  
Leak Testing ◽  
Pressure Test ◽  
Transmission Pipeline ◽  
Pipeline Project

Strength and leak testing (AKA ‘hydrotesting’, and ‘pressure testing’) of pipeline projects remains a primary method of providing quality assurance on new pipeline construction, and for validating structural integrity of the as-built pipeline [1][2][3]. A myriad of regulations surround these activities to ensure soundness of the pipeline, security of the environment during and after the pressure testing operation, as well as personnel safety during these activities. CAN/CSA Z662-11 now includes important clauses to ensure that the pipeline designer/builder/operator consider the potential corrosive impacts of the pressure test media [4]. This paper briefly discusses some of the standard approaches used in the pipeline industry to address internal corrosion caused by pressure test mediums — which often vary according to the scope of the pipeline project (small versus large diameter, short versus very long pipelines) — as well as the rationale behind these different approaches. Case studies are presented to highlight the importance of considering pressure test medium corrosiveness. A practical strategy addressing the needs of long-distance transmission pipeline operators, involving a post-hydrotest inhibitor rinse, is presented.

The Development of Large Diameter and Thickness X80 HSAW Linepipe

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiwei Li ◽  
Chunyong Huo ◽  
Qiurong Ma ◽  
Yaorong Feng
Keyword(s):  
Bauschinger Effect ◽  
Pipeline Steel ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Ring Test ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Pipeline Project ◽  
Submerged Arc

For the requirement of 2nd West-East Pipeline Project of China, X80 large diameter & thickness linepipe with helical seam submerged arc welded (HSAW) were developed, with 1219 mm OD and 18.4 mm WT. Acicular ferrite type and super-low carbon, high Niobium chemical composition pipeline steel was adopted for the base material. The very stringent requirements at −10 °C for toughness, i.e. 220J/170J for average/minimum for pipe body and 80J/60J for average/minimum for weld and HAZ were meet successfully. The yield strength loss due to Bauschinger effect was found lower than 20MPa, which benefited. The very low residual stress level was testified by cut-ring test which cuts a section pipe about exceed 100mm long, and then cut the section apart from welds 100mm along the longitudinal direction.

Study of the Effect of Anode/Cathode Geometry on the Yield Rate and Quality of the MWCNTs Synthesized by Submerged Arc Discharging

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama M. Awadallah ◽  
Ragaie M. Rashad ◽  
Abdalla S. Wifi
Keyword(s):  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Yield Rate ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Water As Solvent ◽  
Quantitative Manner ◽  
A356 Aluminum ◽  
Submerged Arc ◽  
Selection Of

The main objective of the present paper is to clarify the effect of anode/cathode geometry combinations on the yield rate and quality of the Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) produced by submerged arc discharge technique. The effects of current intensity and the discharging medium (solvent) are also investigated. The morphology and crystalline perfection of the produced MWCNTs are confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Electron diffraction. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is conducted to check the quality of the MWCNTs in a quantitative manner. The flat ended anode/cathode combination of diameters 4 and 12 mm respectively exhibited the highest yield at 70 A using deionized water as solvent. Through careful selection of the process parameters, the yield rate of MWCNTs obtained is found to be higher than most of the reported values in literature. However, the best quality of MWCNTs with purity as high as 95%, average thermal stability of 745°C as well as good batch homogeneity, is obtained with KCl solution and tapered male/female anode combination. The best quality MWCNTs is used successfully as reinforcement for A356 aluminum silicon composite.

Liquid gating technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shijie Yu ◽  
Liting Pan ◽  
Yunmao Zhang ◽  
Xinyu Chen ◽  
Xu Hou
Keyword(s):  
Flow Control ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Porous Matrix ◽  
Theoretical Modelling ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Microscale Flow ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Matrix Preparation ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Recent years have witnessed the emergence of liquid gating technologies that employ liquids as structural materials to provide dynamic gating control. Such technologies have attracted considerable attention globally owing their antifouling, energy-saving, reversible, and reconfigurable characteristics. This study considers a new perspective to discuss advancements in liquid gating technologies, including the concept, mechanisms, development, designs, and emerging applications. Moreover, recommendations are provided for the selection of the gating liquid and porous matrix, preparation processes, technical parameters, and theoretical modelling to guide related research. Emerging applications of liquid gating technologies, such as microscale flow control, multiphase separation, chemical detection, and biomedical catheters, are reported. Finally, the challenges currently faced by these technologies are discussed and potential directions for further research are explored to promote the use of these technologies in future applications.

Effects of Weld Geometry Size on the Pressure-Bearing Capacity of an API X80 LSAW Pipe

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui-ying Qiao ◽  
Yu-meng Liu ◽  
Jun-si Wang ◽  
Fu-ren Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Weld Joint ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Welding Parameter ◽  
Weld Geometry ◽  
Transmission Pipeline ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Submerged Arc

Abstract The weld joint is the weakest zone of a longitudinal-seam submerged arc welded (LSAW) pipe, which has great effects on its in-service properties and safety. The weld geometry and shape of the weld joint are important factors that affect the mechanical properties of the pipe. In this work, two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) finite element models (FEMs) of a large-diameter, heavy-wall API X80 LSAW pipe were established, and the stress distribution of the pipe was calculated to simulate the in-service gas transmission pipeline. Results showed that the stress distribution calculated by both 2D and 3D models are similar. Consequently, the effects of weld geometry, softening of heat affected zone (HAZ), and strength matching of the weld joint on bearing pressure capability of the pipe were analyzed, and the results showed that the bearing pressure capability of the pipe can be improved by controlling these parameters. These results are beneficial in providing references for welding parameter design and improved properties of the X80 LSAW pipe.

Development and Implementation of a Risk Based Prioritization Methodology for MAOP Reconfirmation of Gas Transmission Facilities

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wytze Sloterdijk ◽  
Martin Hommes ◽  
Roelof Coster ◽  
Troy Rovella ◽  
Sarah Herbison
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Relative Significance ◽  
Coherent Risk ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Selection Of

As part of Pacific Gas and Electric Company’s (PG&E) on-going commitment to public safety, the company has begun a comprehensive engineering validation of its gas transmission facilities that will ultimately support the reconfirmation of maximum allowable operating pressure (MAOP) for these assets. In addition to 6,750 miles of line pipe, PG&E’s gas transmission system contains over 500 station facilities. Since this set of facilities is not only large but diverse, and the validation effort for these facilities is expected to be an extensive, multi-year process, a methodology for the prioritization of the facilities needed to be developed to facilitate planning of the process for the efficient mitigation of risk. As a result, DNV GL was retained to develop and implement a risk-based prioritization methodology to prioritize PG&E’s gas transmission facilities for the engineering validation and MAOP reconfirmation effort. Ultimately, a weighted multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA) approach was selected and implemented to generate the prioritization. This MCDA approach consisted of the selection of relevant criteria (threats) and the weighting of these criteria according to their relative significance to PG&E’s facilities. Relevant criteria selected for inclusion in the analysis include factors that are important in order to assess both the short- and long-term integrity of the facility as a whole as well as the integrity of features for which design records cannot be located. The criteria selected encompass stable threats, time-dependent threats, as well as environmental impact. Enormous amounts of data related to design, operations, maintenance history and meteorological and seismic activity in addition to other environmental data were evaluated with this newly developed methodology to assess the relative risks of the facilities. Pilot field visits were performed to validate the selection of the various criteria and to confirm the outcome of the analysis. The novelty of this approach lies in the prioritization of facilities in a coherent risk-based manner. The described approach can be used by operators of oil and gas facilities, either upstream, midstream or downstream.

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