Development of a Low-Power, Low-Cost Remote Pipe Parameters Monitoring Device

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo R. G. Kurka ◽  
Carlos Geraldo Quinholi ◽  
Eduardo Laurino ◽  
Guilherme V. P. Donato
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Recording Device ◽  
Stress Monitoring ◽  
Recording Equipment ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Regular Time ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Sampling Intervals ◽  
And Performance

The work presents the features and performance of a dedicated system for monitoring stresses in the vicinity of retention valves in a long oil pipe. Monitoring stations that can be numerous and located in remote regions, where no electric power is available, must be operated by batteries which provide a somewhat limited supply of energy. The project of a low-cost low-power consumption device is therefore of great importance for keeping records of strains, or any other engineering parameter that develop remotely on the pipe. The system developed is a simultaneous 5-channel analog data conditioning and recording equipment, that can be programmed to sample data at regular time intervals. The recording device can be any voice/music standard monaural cassette tape recorder. The paper displays project details as well as qualitative results of circumferential and longitudinal stress monitoring in a remote measuring station, with 4 data channels per station, recorded during 7 consecutive days at 15 minutes sampling intervals.

scholarly journals The estimation of efficiency of insect traps of various construction for phytosanitary monitoring

2019 ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Kremneva ◽  
V. T. Sadkovsky ◽  
Yu. G. Sokolov ◽  
V. Ya. Ismailov ◽  
R. Yu. Danilov
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Bright Light ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
The Third ◽  
Regular Time ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
The Way

Timely and accurate phytosanitary monitoring is of great importance to organize plant protection from pests. Recently, in order to attract and trap (destroy) insects, the use of super bright light emitted diodes (LEDs) has attracted great interest. In this connection, the purpose of our research was to manufacture trap designs based on super bright LEDs for phytosanitary monitoring and to evaluate their efficiency. We have developed and manufactured three models of a conical trap, differing in the way of collecting insects. The first trap (KLP-1) used a cartridge with the entomological glue “Polifiks”. The second trap (KL-2) accumulated insects in a transparent elastic collector of the lower part of the cylinder. The third trap (AKL-2) used the cylinder in the upper part equipped with a low-power aspirator as an accumulator of insects similar to the second trap. Powerful single LEDs with 365 and 395 nm of wavelength were used as efficient sources to attract insects. The LEDs in the traps were arranged in a circle, which evenly provided luminescence with an angle of 360°. In May 2018, the traps were tested on meadow grass. The collection of trapped insects was carried out every day. Insects that were trapped at regular time intervals were calculated by the number of individuals larger than 5 mm and the total weight. As a result, it was established that the conical trap equipped with an aspirator (AKL-2) was the most efficient. The efficiency of this trap is almost two times higher than that of the trap KL-2 and 20-30% higher than the trap KLP-1. The developed traps showed a high trapping ability and can be used in the production of specific agricultural crops to identify insects inhabiting them.

Sensitivity of Estimates of Seasonal Phytoplankton Photosynthesis to Sampling Frequency

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 2734-2738 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. U. Schindler ◽  
E. R. DeBruyn ◽  
E. J. Fee ◽  
J. A. Shearer
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stratification ◽  
Sampling Frequency ◽  
Canadian Shield ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Regular Time ◽  
Sampling Intervals ◽  
Phytoplankton Photosynthesis

Phytoplankton photosynthesis was monitored once or twice weekly in an oligotrophic Canadian Shield lake in northwestern Ontario during the ice-free season for 6 yr. These data sets were subsampled in various ways to determine how the precision of estimates of ice-free season phytoplankton photosynthesis was affected by sampling frequency. Deviations were as large as 20% if a measurement was not taken before thermal stratification was established in the spring, or if samples were taken at monthly intervals during the ice-free season. Shorter sampling intervals (1, 2, and 3 wk were tested) all resulted in deviations of about 10%. Taking samples irregularly (every day for the 3 d subsequent to rainfall events ≥ 5 mm) instead of at regular time intervals did not reduce deviations.

Design of the Baseband Physical Layer of NarrowBand IoT LTE Uplink Digital Transmitter

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (07) ◽  
pp. 2050111
Author(s):  
Basma H. Mohamed ◽  
Ahmed Taha ◽  
Ahmed Shawky ◽  
Essraa Ahmed ◽  
Ali Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Digital Transmitter ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Internet Of Things

With the new age of technology and the release of the Internet of Things (IoT) revolution, there is a need to connect a wide range of devices with varying throughput and performance requirements. In this paper, a digital transmitter of NarrowBand Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is proposed targeting very low power and delay-insensitive IoT applications with low throughput requirements. NB-IoT is a new cellular technology introduced by 3GPP in release 13 to provide wide-area coverage for the IoT. The low-cost receivers for such devices should have very low complexity, consume low power and hence run for several years. In this paper, the implementation of the data path chain of digital uplink transmitter is presented. The standard specifications are studied carefully to determine the required design parameters for each block. And the design is synthesized in UMC 130-nm technology.

Design of Advanced High Performance Bus Tracer in System on Chip Using Matrix Based Compression for Low Power Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1852-1856
Author(s):  
P. Bhuvaneshwari ◽  
T. R. Jaya Chandra Lekha
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
System On Chip ◽  
Consumer Electronics ◽  
Compression Scheme ◽  
Control Signals ◽  
And Performance ◽  
On Chip

This project proposes multilayer advanced high-performance bus architecture for low power applications. The proposed AHB architecture consists of the bus arbiter and the bus tracer (A.R.M.A., 1999. Specification (Rev 2.0) ARM IHI0011A). The bus arbiter, which is self motivated selects the input packet based on the control signals of the incoming packet. So that arbitration leads to a maximum performance. The On-Chip bus is an important system-on-chip infrastructure that connects major hardware components. Monitoring the on-chip bus signals is crucial to the SoC debugging and performance analysis/optimization (Gu, R.T., et al., 2007. A Low Cost Tile-Based 3D Graphics Full Pipeline with Real-Time Performance Monitoring Support for OpenGL ES in Consumer Electronics. 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Electronics, June; IEEE. pp.1–6). But, such signals are difficult to observe since they are deeply embedded in a SoC and there are often no sufficient I/O pins to access these signals. Therefore, a straightforward approach is to embed a bus tracer in SoC to capture the bus signal trace and store the trace in on-chip storage such as the trace memory which could then be off loaded to outside world for analysis. The bus tracer is capable of capturing the bus trace with different resolutions, all with efficient built in compression mechanisms such as dictionary based compression scheme for address and control signals and differential compression scheme for data. To improve the compression ratio matrix based compression which is lossless compression is used instead of differential compression. This system is designed using Verilog HDL, simulated using Modelsim and synthesized using Xilinx software.

scholarly journals Authenticated Encryption for Low-Power Reconfigurable Wireless Devices

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samant Khajuria ◽  
Birger Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Authenticated Encryption ◽  
Wireless Devices ◽  
Security Services ◽  
Wireless Protocols ◽  
Reconfigurable Devices ◽  
Hardware Architectures ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Flexibility

With the rapid growth of new wireless communication standards, a solution that is capable of providing a seamless shift between existing wireless protocols and high flexibility as well as capability is crucial. Technology based on reconfigurable devices offers this flexibility. In order to avail this enabling technology, these radios have to propose cryptographic services such as confidentiality, integrity and authentication. Therefore, integration of security services to these low-power devices is very challenging and crucial as they have limited resources and computational capabilities. In this paper, we present a crypto solution for reconfigurable devices. The solution is a single pass Authenticated Encryption (AE) scheme that is designed for protecting both message confidentiality and its authenticity. This makes AE very attractive for low-cost low-power hardware implementation. For test and performance evaluation the design has been implemented in Xilinx Spartan-3 sxc3s700an FPGA. Additionally, this paper analyzes different hardware architectures and explores area/delay tradeoffs in the implementation.

Programmable Integrated Photonics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Capmany ◽  
Daniel Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
External Control ◽  
Integrated Photonics ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Photonic Integrated Circuit ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Application Fields

Programmable Integrated Photonics (PIP) is a new paradigm that aims at designing common integrated optical hardware configurations, which by suitable programming can implement a variety of functionalities that, in turn, can be exploited as basic operations in many application fields. Programmability enables by means of external control signals both chip reconfiguration for multifunction operation as well as chip stabilization against non-ideal operation due to fluctuations in environmental conditions and fabrication errors. Programming also allows activating parts of the chip, which are not essential for the implementation of a given functionality but can be of help in reducing noise levels through the diversion of undesired reflections. After some years where the Application Specific Photonic Integrated Circuit (ASPIC) paradigm has completely dominated the field of integrated optics, there is an increasing interest in PIP justified by the surge of a number of emerging applications that are and will be calling for true flexibility, reconfigurability as well as low-cost, compact and low-power consuming devices. This book aims to provide a comprehensive introduction to this emergent field covering aspects that range from the basic aspects of technologies and building photonic component blocks to the design alternatives and principles of complex programmable photonics circuits, their limiting factors, techniques for characterization and performance monitoring/control and their salient applications both in the classical as well as in the quantum information fields. The book concentrates and focuses mainly on the distinctive features of programmable photonics as compared to more traditional ASPIC approaches.

The Use of Microcomputer Simulations in Undergraduate Neurophysiology Experiments

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.A. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Microcomputer System ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Teaching Objectives ◽  
Compound Action Potentials ◽  
Experimental Management ◽  
And Performance

Practical classes in neurophysiology reinforce and complement the theoretical background in a number of ways, including demonstration of concepts, practice in planning and performance of experiments, and the production and maintenance of viable neural preparations. The balance of teaching objectives will depend upon the particular group of students involved. A technique is described which allows the embedding of real compound action potentials from one of the most basic introductory neurophysiology experiments—frog sciatic nerve, into interactive programs for student use. These retain all the elements of the “real experiment” in terms of appearance, presentation, experimental management and measurement by the student. Laboratory reports by the students show that the experiments are carefully and enthusiastically performed and the material is well absorbed. Three groups of student derive most benefit from their use. First, students whose future careers will not involve animal experiments do not spend time developing dissecting skills they will not use, but more time fulfilling the other teaching objectives. Second, relatively inexperienced students, struggling to produce viable neural material and master complicated laboratory equipment, who are often left with little time or motivation to take accurate readings or ponder upon neurophysiological concepts. Third, students in institutions where neurophysiology is taught with difficulty because of the high cost of equipment and lack of specific expertise, may well have access to a low cost general purpose microcomputer system.

scholarly journals Experiments with Neural Networks in the Identification and Control of a Magnetic Levitation System Using a Low-Cost Platform

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2535
Author(s):  
Bruno E. Silva ◽  
Ramiro S. Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Magnetic Levitation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Neural Controllers ◽  
Levitation System ◽  
Internal Model Controller ◽  
Magnetic Levitation System ◽  
And Performance

In this article, we designed and implemented neural controllers to control a nonlinear and unstable magnetic levitation system composed of an electromagnet and a magnetic disk. The objective was to evaluate the implementation and performance of neural control algorithms in a low-cost hardware. In a first phase, we designed two classical controllers with the objective to provide the training data for the neural controllers. After, we identified several neural models of the levitation system using Nonlinear AutoRegressive eXogenous (NARX)-type neural networks that were used to emulate the forward dynamics of the system. Finally, we designed and implemented three neural control structures: the inverse controller, the internal model controller, and the model reference controller for the control of the levitation system. The neural controllers were tested on a low-cost Arduino control platform through MATLAB/Simulink. The experimental results proved the good performance of the neural controllers.

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