Development, Field Testing and Implementation of Automated, Hydraulically Controlled, Variable Volume Loading Systems for Reciprocating Compressors

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwayne A. Hickman ◽  
John Slupsky ◽  
Bruce M. Chrisman ◽  
Tom J. Hurley
Keyword(s):  
Return On Investment ◽  
Stable Process ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Load Control ◽  
Mechanical Reliability ◽  
Volume Loading ◽  
Actual Case ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Variable Volume ◽  
Different Types

Automated, variable volume unloaders provide the ability to smoothly load/unload reciprocating compressors to maintain ideal operations in ever-changing environments. Potential advantages provided by this load control system include: maximizing unit capacity, optimizing power economy, maintaining low exhaust emissions, and maintaining process suction and discharge pressures. Obstacles foreseen include: reliability, stability, serviceability and automation integration. Results desired include: increased productivity for the compressor and its operators, increased uptime, and more stable process control. This presentation covers: (1) system design features with descriptions of how different types of the devices were developed, initial test data, and how they can be effectively operated; (2) three actual-case studies detailing the reasons why automated, hydraulically controlled, variable volume, head-end unloaders were chosen over other types of unloading devices; (3) sophisticated software used in determining the device sizings and predicted performance; (4) mechanical and field considerations; (5) installation, serviceability and operating considerations; (6) device control issues, including PC and PLC considerations; (7) monitoring of actual performance and comparison of such with predicted performance; (8) analysis of mechanical reliability and stability; and (9) preliminary costs versus return on investment analysis.

scholarly journals State-of-the-Art-Review of Collapsible Soils

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. AL-Rawas
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Foundation Design ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Collapse Potential ◽  
Collapsible Soils ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Compaction Control

Collapsible soils are encountered in arid and semi-arid regions. Such soils cause potential construction problems due to their collapse upon wetting. The collapse phenomenon is primarily related to the open structure of the soil. Several soil collapse classifications based on parameters such as moisture content, dry density, Atterberg limits and clay content have been proposed in the literature as indicators of the soil collapse potential. Direct measurement of the magnitude of collapse, using laboratory and/or field tests, is essential once a soil showed indications of collapse potential. Treatment methods such as soil replacement, compaction control and chemical stabilization showed significant reduction in the settlement of collapsible soils. The design of foundations on collapsible soils depends on the depth of the soil, magnitude of collapse and economics of the design. Strip foundations are commonly used when collapsing soil extends to a shallow depth while piles and drilled piers are recommended in cases where the soil extends to several meters. This paper provides a comprehensive review of collapsible soils. These include the different types of collapsible soils, mechanisms of collapse, identification and classification methods, laboratory and field testing, treatment methods and guidelines for foundation design.

scholarly journals RISK-SEEKING VERSUS RISK-AVOIDING INVESTMENTS IN NOISY PERIODIC ENVIRONMENTS

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (06) ◽  
pp. 971-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. EMETERIO NAVARRO-BARRIENTOS ◽  
FRANK E. WALTER ◽  
FRANK SCHWEITZER
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Agents ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Moving Least Squares ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Risk Seeking ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Artificial Environment ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Versus Risk ◽  
Periodic Environments

We study the performance of various agent strategies in an artificial investment scenario. Agents are equipped with a budget, x(t), and at each time step invest a particular fraction, q(t), of their budget. The return on investment (RoI), r(t), is characterized by a periodic function with different types and levels of noise. Risk-avoiding agents choose their fraction q(t) proportional to the expected positive RoI, while risk-seeking agents always choose a maximum value q max if they predict the RoI to be positive ("everything on red"). In addition to these different strategies, agents have different capabilities to predict the future r(t), dependent on their internal complexity. Here, we compare "zero-intelligent" agents using technical analysis (such as moving least squares) with agents using reinforcement learning or genetic algorithms to predict r(t). The performance of agents is measured by their average budget growth after a certain number of time steps. We present results of extensive computer simulations, which show that, for our given artificial environment, (i) the risk-seeking strategy outperforms the risk-avoiding one, and (ii) the genetic algorithm was able to find this optimal strategy itself, and thus outperforms other prediction approaches considered.

scholarly journals Centrifugal Compressor Testing Experience and Practice

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Meier ◽  
C. S. Rhea
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Aerodynamic Performance ◽  
Reasonable Accuracy ◽  
Centrifugal Compressors ◽  
Factory Test ◽  
Different Types

Experience with factory and field performance testing of centrifugal compressors in natural gas service is presented. The ability of different types of factory test arrangements to closely predict future field performance is compared. Instrumentation requirements for achievement of reasonable accuracy in field testing are defined and discussed. Major aspects of mechanical and aerodynamic performance testing are addressed.

Enhancement of biomass concentration in activated sludge systems

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 151-157
Author(s):  
R. Plaβ ◽  
I. Sekoulov
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Stable Process ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
Volume Loading ◽  
Secondary Clarifier ◽  
Additional Charge ◽  
Complete Nitrification ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems

By installation of lamella in the activated sludge tank an increase of biomass concentration in the activated sludge tank can be achieved without additional charge of the secondary clarifier. Integrated packages of lamella which are installed in the discharge of the activated sludge tank at an angle of 60° effect a partial sedimentation and so a MLSS-preseparation. The MLSS in the activated sludge tank (influent of the lamella construction) was 6.5 g/l, the MLSS in the influent to the final clarifier (effluent of the lamella) was 3.1 g/l. That means that the lamella increased the MLSS concentration in the activated sludge tank by a factor of two. Despite a volume loading of 1.24 kg BOD5/(kg MLSS • d) a complete nitrification could be obtained. For ensuring a stable process and a balanced concentration of the biomass in the influent of the secondary clarifier, the preseparation of solids in the lamella is controlled by addition of air bubbles. By the enhancement of biomass concentration using this preseparation device, the extension of waste water treatment plants can be carried out with lower investment costs.

scholarly journals Assessing quality in software development: An agile methodology approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
V. Rodríguez-Hernández ◽  
M.C. Espino-Gudiño ◽  
J.L. González-Pérez ◽  
J. Gudiño-Bazaldúa ◽  
Victor Castano
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Software Process ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Quality System ◽  
Extreme Programming ◽  
Personal Software Process ◽  
Agile Methodology ◽  
Different Types

<p>A novel methodology, result of 10 years of in-field testing, which makes possible the convergence of different types of models and quality standards for Engineering and Computer Science Faculties, is presented. Since most software-developing companies are small and medium sized, the projects developed must focuson SCRUM and Extreme Programming (XP), opposed to a RUP, which is quite heavy, as well as on Personal Software Process (PSP) and Team Software Process (TSP), which provide students with competences and a structured framework. ISO 90003:2004 norm is employed to define the processes by means of a quality system without new requirements or changing the existing ones. Also, the model is based on ISO/IEC 25000 (ISO (IEC 9126 – ISO/IEC 14598)) to allow comparing software built by different metrics.</p>

Understanding the Influence of Self-Critical, Self-Managing, and Social-Assessing Self-Talk on Performance Outcomes in a Public Speaking Context

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Shi ◽  
Thomas Brinthaupt ◽  
Margaret McCree
Keyword(s):  
Public Speaking ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Public Speaking Anxiety ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Speaking Anxiety ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Self Talk ◽  
Different Types

This study examines how different types of self-talk (self-reinforcing, self-critical, self-managing, and social-assessing) influence speakers’ emotional experience of public speaking anxiety and actual performance outcomes. A total of 152 participants reported their speech-specific self-talk frequencies and emotional states of anxiety at two time periods. External raters scored each participant’s video-recorded speech. Results revealed that different types of self-talk exert influence on performance outcomes through distinct pathways. For example, self-managing self-talk had a direct positive impact on speakers’ performance qualities, whereas social assessing self-talk had both a direct and an indirect effect but with opposite operating mechanisms. The study found that self-reinforcing self-talk provides little benefit in overcoming anxiety. It appears that the frequent engagement of self-critical self-talk that contributes substantially to the experience of speech-related anxiety. Theoretical and practical implications for self-talk monitoring and public speaking interventions are discussed.

scholarly journals 1 Design, Development & Evaluation of a Prototype Tracked Mobile Robot for Difficult Terrain

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Muneeb Ilyas ◽  
Muhammad Ehsan Ali ◽  
Nasir Rehman ◽  
Abdul Rehman Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Robot ◽  
Mobile Robots ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Development Evaluation ◽  
Difficult Terrain ◽  
Tracked Mobile Robot

This paper reports the design, development andevaluation of a prototype tracked mobile robot for task executionin both natural and human-made environments with stairclimbing feature. First, different types of locomotion systems usedfor mobile robots are compared and their pros and cons arepresented. Then the mechanism designed for the prototypetracked mobile robot is described with the aid of a CAD model.Finally, the results of field testing of the actual robot are presentedand the behavior of tracked mobile robots in presence of slippageis discussed.

scholarly journals TECHNIQUE OF FUNCTIONAL UNIFICATION OF ADAPTIVE HYDRAULIC DRIVE MODULE CAPABLE OF LOAD STABILIZATION ON THE WORKING BODY OF MOBILE MACHINES

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-325
Author(s):  
V. A. Pershin ◽  
T. A. Khinikadze
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Hydraulic Drive ◽  
Load Control ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Adaptive Communications ◽  
Hydraulic Motors ◽  
Different Types ◽  
First Time ◽  
Similarity Method ◽  
Selection Of

Introduction. Issues on the functional unification of the adaptive hydraulic  drive  module  are  studied.  For  the  first  time,  self-adapting   mechanisms   are   considered   taking   into   account adaptive intercommunication of the load control and agreement of motions on the working body of the mobile machines. The work objective is to create and analyze the technique of the functional unification of the adaptive hydraulic drive module. In the furtherance of this goal, a number of tasks are solved. The selection of technical equipment – unified adaptive hydraulic drive  modules  of  the  mobile  machines  –  is  validated.  The methodology   and    indicators   of    the    module    functional unification are described. Intercommunications are considered: direct  positive  and  back  negative  ones.  Their  effect  on  the functional unification property of the adaptive module is shown.Materials and Methods. For the synthesis and analysis of the functional  unification  indicators  of  the  adaptive  module,  a similarity method of the technical systems operation is adopted.Research     Results.     Techniques     for     structural-functional unification   of   the   self-adapting   modules   are   developed. Optional  versions  of  the  unified  modules  modification  and proper combinations of hydraulic motors, regulating equipment, and  mathematical  models  of  adaptive  communications  are presented. Criteria  and  indicators  of similarity are  proposed. The functional unification of the adaptive intercommunications of the module and different types of the hydraulic motors and fluid throttling elements in the hydraulic system are analyzed. Recommendations for implementing the functional unification under typing and operation (adjustment) of the adaptive module are formulated.Discussion and Conclusions. The methodology is recommended for the functional unification of the hydraulic self-adapting module. It can be used for the development of unit sizes and under its operation as an independent drive or a hydraulic drive subsystem of a multifunctional or combined machine.

scholarly journals A Study of Service Quality of Banks in Mumbai

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjith P V
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Customer Profitability ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Different Types

<div><p><em>Service quality improves   customer relationship as far as organizations are concerned. Service quality is about areas like reliability   , empathy, assurance etc which if provided in an efficient manner improves customer profitability and organisation’s return on investment</em></p><p><em>The service given generally helps in retaining customers thereby reducing cost of retention and makes customers happy to deal with the organisation. This is required for all service organisations and it is true for banks also. The aspect of service is vital for institutions dealing with money and so the study focuses on the importance of service in customer.</em></p><p><em>Service quality of different types of banks are studied using tests lime ANOVA and K means cluster analysis to find out the effect on customer satisfaction of different variables and also to find out different customer segments based on their responses. </em></p></div>

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