Pipeline Purging Principles and Practice

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Johnson ◽  
Steven J. Svedeman ◽  
Christopher A. Kuhl ◽  
John G. Gregor ◽  
Alan K. Lambeth
Keyword(s):  
Computer Software ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Mixing Parameters ◽  
Natural Gas Industry ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Routine Basis ◽  
Gas Purging ◽  
Model Computer ◽  
Transmission And Distribution

Gas purging, a process of displacing one gas by another gas, occurs on a routine basis in the natural gas industry when pipelines are purged into and out of service. In a project sponsored by the Gas Research Institute and in cooperation with the American Gas Association (A.G.A.) the purging practices as outlined in the A.G.A.’s Purging Principles and Practices manual are being reviewed because many of today’s pipeline purging operations occur under conditions not addressed directly in the manual. The program focus is on the purging procedures outlined in Chapter 8 of the manual entitled Gas Transmission and Distribution Pipes. The technical objective of the project is to develop an understanding of the scientific principles upon which safe, practical purging practices can be based. Direct displacement and inert gas slug purging operations are explained in terms of dispersion and mixing parameters and their relationship to the gas velocity. Field data is compared to the results of an analytical mixing model. Computer software for planning safe and cost effective pipeline purges has been developed. Finally, recommendations for revising Chapter 8 of the A.G.A. manual are presented.

Pipeline Purging Principles and Practice

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Johnson ◽  
S. J. Svedeman ◽  
C. A. Kuhl ◽  
J. G. Gregor ◽  
A. K. Lambeth
Keyword(s):  
Computer Software ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Mixing Parameters ◽  
Natural Gas Industry ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Routine Basis ◽  
Gas Purging ◽  
Model Computer ◽  
Transmission And Distribution

Gas purging, a process of displacing one gas by another gas, occurs on a routine basis in the natural gas industry when pipelines are purged into and out of service. In a project sponsored by the Gas Research Institute and in cooperation with the American Gas Association (A.G.A.), the purging practices as outlined in the A.G.A.’s Purging Principles and Practices manual were reviewed because many of today’s pipeline purging operations occur under conditions not addressed directly in the manual. The program focus is on the purging procedures outlined in Chapter 8 of the manual entitled “Gas Transmission and Distribution Pipes.” The technical objective of the Project was to develop an understanding of the scientific principles upon which safe, practical purging practices can be based. Direct displacement and inert gas slug purging operations are explained in terms of dispersion and mixing parameters and their relationship to the gas velocity. Field data compared to the results of an analytical mixing model. Computer software for planning safe and cost-effective pipeline purges has been developed. Finally, recommendations for revising Chapter 8 of the A.G.A. manual are presented.

scholarly journals Horizontal Drilling: Regulatory and Contractual Implications

1992 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
R. E. Pelzer ◽  
R. A. Lehodey
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Horizontal Wells ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Horizontal Drilling ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Natural Gas Industry ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
The Common

Recent technological developments have allowed the petroleum and natural gas industry to drill horizontal wells on a cost-effective basis. Although the technology is still relatively new in Canada, it has potentially significant benefits to the industry, including greater flow rates per well and greater ultimate recovery of petroleum substances. It has been estimated that by 1995 there may be as many as 450 horizontal wells drilled in Alberta per year. The implications of horizontal drilling are that the current regulatory schemes and certain of the common agreements utilized in the industry do not readily accommodate it. The authors discuss some of the legal implications raised by the new technology and examine problems with the current regulatory schemes and certain industry agreements.

Virtual Design of an Industrial, Large-Bore, Spark-Ignited, Natural Gas, Internal Combustion Engine for Reduction of Regulated Pollutant Emissions

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Etcheverry ◽  
Mark Patterson ◽  
Diana Grauer
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Virtual Design ◽  
Engine Emissions ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Reciprocating Engine ◽  
Natural Gas Industry ◽  
Stroke Cycle

The natural gas industry has long depended on large bore, two-stroke cycle, spark-ignited, gas-powered, reciprocating engines to move gas from the well to the pipeline and downstream. As regulations governing the pollutant emissions from these engines are tightened the industry is turning to the engine OEMs for a solution. The challenge of further reducing engine emissions is not a new task to the industry. However, as the requirements placed on the engines are further restricted, the technology required to achieve these goals becomes more advanced, along with the required tools and technology to create it. New predictive tools have been created and have become more powerful and capable as computer software and hardware becomes more advanced, enabling engineers to create more complex designs and to do so quickly and at lower cost, all of which may not have been possible previously. This paper investigates methods used in designing the Ajax 2800 series, which is a large bore, two-stroke cycle, gas-powered, reciprocating engine and the improvements in emissions that resulted from the application of these methods.. Solutions to overcoming the challenges encountered during the process will also be presented.

Finding Fault with the Nexus Pipeline? Agency Capture and the Public Good

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Kear
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Environmental Impact Statement ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
The Public ◽  
Fracturing Process ◽  
Natural Gas Industry ◽  
Regulatory Commission

Natural gas is an increasingly vital U.S. energy source that is presently being tapped and transported across state and international boundaries. Controversy engulfs natural gas, from the hydraulic fracturing process used to liberate it from massive, gas-laden Appalachian shale deposits, to the permitting and construction of new interstate pipelines bringing it to markets. This case explores the controversy flowing from the proposed 256-mile-long interstate Nexus pipeline transecting northern Ohio, southeastern Michigan and terminating at the Dawn Hub in Ontario, Canada. As the lead agency regulating and permitting interstate pipelines, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission is also tasked with mitigating environmental risks through the 1969 National Environmental Policy Act's Environmental Impact Statement process. Pipeline opponents assert that a captured federal agency ignores public and scientific input, inadequately addresses public health and safety risks, preempts local control, and wields eminent domain powers at the expense of landowners, cities, and everyone in the pipeline path. Proponents counter that pipelines are the safest means of transporting domestically abundant, cleaner burning, affordable gas to markets that will boost local and regional economies and serve the public good. Debates over what constitutes the public good are only one set in a long list of contentious issues including pipeline safety, proposed routes, property rights, public voice, and questions over the scientific and democratic validity of the Environmental Impact Statement process. The Nexus pipeline provides a sobering example that simple energy policy solutions and compromise are elusive—effectively fueling greater conflict as the natural gas industry booms.

Research on Industrial Integration between Electricity Industry and Natural Gas Industry

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 4304-4307
Author(s):  
Xiao Zhe Meng
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Electricity Industry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Industry Regulation ◽  
Industrial Economy ◽  
National Competitiveness ◽  
Natural Gas Industry ◽  
Regulation Reform

Industrial integration is the trend of the modern industrial economy. It is the result of the enterprises from competition to cooperation. Industry boundaries become blurring. And industries begin to integrate. With technological innovation, business integration, market integration, as well as industry regulation reform, electricity industry and natural gas industry is towards integration. The barriers between electricity industry and natural gas industry has been eliminated through knowledge sharing, mergers and acquisitions, market reform and regulation reform in developed countries. The energy industry in China will also be integration to improve national competitiveness.

Mobile autonomous methane monitoring stations for emission measurement

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 425
Author(s):  
M. Mainson ◽  
C. Ong ◽  
M. Myers ◽  
A. Spiers
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Emission Measurement ◽  
Fugitive Emissions ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Hydrocarbon Production ◽  
Code Of Practice ◽  
Emission Monitoring ◽  
The Government ◽  
Transmission And Distribution

Natural gas has been forecast to continue grow up to 30% for the next 40 years and will remain as a key energy source. Alongside this projected growth, both the government and the industry have committed to reduce emission reductions. A critical focus is fugitive emissions, which are related to leaks or unintended losses of methane from sources such as hydrocarbon production, processing, transport, storage, transmission and distribution. The need for measuring and monitoring these emissions has been recognised in significant environmental inquiries related to the gas industry, such as the Northern Territory Fracking Inquiry (Pepper et al. 2018) and required in section D of the NT Code of Practice. This study describes an autonomous emission monitoring station developed to address the challenge of characterising temporally varying fugitive methane emissions. It has been designed specifically to tolerate the Australian outback’s extreme climateswhile providing laboratory-grade measurements in real-time at locations where there will be no access to grid power and standard telecommunications. Preliminary results demonstrating the continuous real-time measurements of methane and ethane concentrations of temporally varying phenomena will be presented. Specifically, the detection of methane and ethane concentrations and temporal changes related to bushfire progress will be shown.

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