Investigation of the Passivity, Hydrogen Embrittlement and Threshold Stress of Duplex Stainless Steel

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Gojić ◽  
Mirjana Metikoš-Huković ◽  
Ranko Babić
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Hydrogen Embrittlement ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Passive Film ◽  
Threshold Stress ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Stress Cracking ◽  
Sulfide Stress ◽  
Sulfide Stress Cracking

The electrochemical behavior of duplex stainless steel has been studied in various environments. Its passivity state was investigated in borate-buffer using cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy techniques. The susceptibility towards sulfide stress cracking and hydrogen embrittlement were tested at a constant load under cathodic polarization in the NACE solution saturated with H2S and 0.5 M sulfuric acid solution containing As203 as a promoter. SEM analysis accompanied these investigations. It is proposed that the highly protective quality of the passive film formed on the investigated duplex stainless steel may be associated with the presence of multiple oxidation states (Cr3+ and Cr6+) formed in the solid state along with (CrO42- and MoO42-) anions and the great variety of possible bridging ligand states (OH−, H2O, O2−). This leads to a significant degree of bonding flexibility and supports amorphous i.e. glassy structure of the passive film. Therefore, the stresses that would be associated with epitaxy, are easily alleviated without the creation of long-range defect structures. The investigated duplex stainless steel shows high resistance to hydrogen embrittlement and sulfide stress cracking. The embrittlement index was determined to be 26%, while the threshold stress amounts to 84% of the yield strength.

scholarly journals Comparison of 2507 Duplex and 28 % Cr- Austenitic Stainless Steel Corrosion Behavior for High Pressure and High Temperature (HPHT) in Sour Service Condition with C-ring Experiment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harris Prabowo ◽  
Badrul Munir ◽  
Yudha Pratesa ◽  
Johny W. Soedarsono
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Stress Cracking ◽  
Sulfide Stress ◽  
Sulfide Stress Cracking ◽  
Sour Service

The scarcity of oil and gas resources made High Pressure and High Temperature (HPHT) reservoir attractive to be developed. The sour service environment gives an additional factor in material selection for HPHT reservoir. Austenitic 28 Cr and super duplex stainless steel 2507 (SS 2507) are proposed to be a potential materials candidate for such conditions. C-ring tests were performed to investigate their corrosion behavior, specifically sulfide stress cracking (SSC) and sulfide stress cracking susceptibility. The C-ring tests were done under 2.55 % H2S (31.48 psia) and 50 % CO2 (617.25 psia). The testing was done in static environment conditions. Regardless of good SSC resistance for both materials, different pitting resistance is seen in both materials. The pitting resistance did not follow the general Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number (PREN), since SS 2507 super duplex (PREN > 40) has more pitting density than 28 Cr austenitic stainless steel (PREN < 40). SS 2507 super duplex pit shape tends to be larger but shallower than 28 Cr austenitic stainless steel. 28 Cr austenitic stainless steel has a smaller pit density, yet deeper and isolated.

scholarly journals Hydrogen Uptake of Duplex 2205 at H2 Partial Pressures up to 100 bar

2019 ◽  
Vol 165 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Trautmann ◽  
Gregor Mori ◽  
Wolfgang Siegl ◽  
Mathias Truschner ◽  
Josefine Pfeiffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Hydrogen Embrittlement ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Hydrogen Uptake ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Gas Reservoir ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Steel Grades ◽  
Load Tests

AbstractMicrobiological methanation is investigated in an underground natural gas reservoir. Since H2 is involved in the process, hydrogen embrittlement of steel must inevitably be considered. Therefore, a routine for testing has been developed and a unique autoclave test bench was designed to simulate field conditions. The 2205 duplex stainless steel (UNS S31803) was investigated. Constant load tests (CLTs) and immersion tests with subsequent hydrogen analyses were performed. The specimens were exposed to different partial pressures of H2 under both dry and wet conditions (with brine). Additionally, the influence of CO2 under wet conditions was covered. Tests were performed at two different temperatures (25 °C and 80 °C) and lasted for 30 days. In general, the duplex stainless steel shows a good resistance to hydrogen embrittlement, but a significantly higher hydrogen uptake was obtained compared to other steel grades.

Evaluation of Stress Corrosion Cracking, Sulfide Stress Cracking, Galvanic-Induced Hydrogen Stress Cracking, and Hydrogen Embrittlement Resistance of Aged UNS N06625 Forged Bars

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/3590 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 1207-1219
Author(s):  
A. Febbrari ◽  
R. Montani ◽  
C. Veronesi ◽  
M. Cavagnola ◽  
E. Brognoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Embrittlement ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Aged Alloy ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Stress Cracking ◽  
Sulfide Stress ◽  
Sulfide Stress Cracking

UNS N06625 is a nickel-based superalloy used for oil and gas applications and commonly produced according to NACE MR0175 in the annealed/solution annealed condition. The annealing/solution annealing treatment makes the material corrosion resistant in the most challenging environments, in the presence of sulfides and chlorides at high pressure and temperature. However, thanks to its chemical composition, UNS N06625 can also be considered as an age-hardenable material whose mechanical strength can be improved by promoting the metastable second phase γ′′ precipitation into the γ matrix. However, the corrosion behavior of the aged alloy has never been investigated in NACE environments. This paper aims to understand the suitability of the age-hardened condition of UNS N06625 for oil and gas applications through the evaluation of the material corrosion performance in NACE level VII environments by using NACE TM0177 tests. Three heats of UNS N06625 have been produced and forged in different bar diameters: 152 mm (6 in), 203.2 mm (8 in), and 254 mm (10 in). Afterward, the bars have been annealed and age-hardened according to optimized time-temperature parameters and finally tested to assess their mechanical properties and resistance to stress corrosion cracking, sulfide stress cracking, galvanic-induced hydrogen stress cracking, and hydrogen embrittlement.

Stress Analysis of Unnotched C-Rings Used for Stress Cracking Studies

1968 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. Fernandez ◽  
G. F. Tisinai
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Embrittlement ◽  
Stress Analysis ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Stress Cracking ◽  
Ring Sample ◽  
Sulfide Stress ◽  
Sulfide Stress Cracking ◽  
Elastic Strains

A technique for measuring elastic strains and the location between the plastically and elastically deformed portions of an unnotched C-ring sample is presented. Such C-rings when used to study sulfide stress cracking may incur cracks caused by both hydrogen embrittlement and stress corrosion cracking, whereas the presence of notches in the C-rings conceivably may force failure by only hydrogen embrittlement. Current studies by the authors on sulfide stress cracking include the use of both notched and unnotched C-rings.

Sulfide Stress Cracking Failures of 12Cr and 17-4PH Stainless Steel Wellhead Equipment

CORROSION ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Thompson ◽  
G. B. Kohut ◽  
D. R. Canfield ◽  
W. R. Bass
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stress Cracking ◽  
Sulfide Stress ◽  
Sulfide Stress Cracking

Sulfide stress cracking inhibition of a supermartensitic stainless steel by using an imidazol obtained from palm oil

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose-Gonzalo Gonzalez-Rodriguez ◽  
Andres Carmona Hernandez ◽  
E. Vázquez-Vélez ◽  
A. Contreras-Cuevas ◽  
Jorge Uruchurtu Chavarin
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Supermartensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Stress Cracking ◽  
Sulfide Stress ◽  
Sulfide Stress Cracking ◽  
Sulfide Stress Corrosion Cracking

Purpose This paper aims to use an imidazole-based n-ionic Gemini surfactant derived from palm oil to inhibit the sulfide stress corrosion cracking of a supermartensitic stainless steel. Design/methodology/approach The slow strain rate testing technique, hydrogen permeation tests and potentiodynamic polarization curves have been used. Findings Addition of the inhibitor below the critical micelle concentration (CMC) decreased the corrosion current density (icorr), but not enough to avoid embrittlement due to the entry of hydrogen into the steel. Instead, the addition of the inhibitor close to the CMC decreased the icorr, suppressed the entry of hydrogen and inhibited the sulfide stress cracking of steel. Finally, the addition of inhibitor above the CMC led to a slight increase of icorr and promoted localized corrosion, however, the sulfide stress cracking of steel was inhibited. Originality/value A green sulfide stress corrosion cracking inhibitor of a supermartensitic stainless steel has been obtained.

Sulfide Stress Cracking Resistance of High Strength Low Alloy Steel

2012 ◽  
Vol 573-574 ◽  
pp. 1182-1186
Author(s):  
Ji Hao Cheng ◽  
Yi Qiang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Anodic Dissolution ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Saturated Solution ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Stress Cracking ◽  
Sulfide Stress ◽  
Sulfide Stress Cracking

This paper analyzed the HSLA pipeline steel’s stress corrosion behavior and mechanism which tested in the saturated solution of H2S. The steel’s SSCC susceptibility was determined by constant load tensile according to NACE TM-0177 standard. Used SEM observed the fracture, and then the steel’s corrosion rate and short-term corrosion behavior were analyzed by electrochemical polarization curves in saturated solution of H2S in the environment A. The results show that the steel has a large SSCC susceptibility and a high corrosion rate. What’s more, corrosion rate increases with the increase of immersion time. The results also show that the crack fracture of the steel is caused by anodic dissolution and the hydrogen which penetrates into the steel can increase the anodic dissolution.

Sulfide stress cracking assessment of low-alloy L80 casing steel in H2S environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-387
Author(s):  
Weishan Huang ◽  
Jing-Li Luo ◽  
Hani Henein ◽  
Josiah Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Acetic Acid Solution ◽  
Fracture Morphology ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Intergranular Cracking ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Stress Cracking ◽  
Uniform Microstructure ◽  
Sulfide Stress ◽  
Sulfide Stress Cracking

Purpose This paper aims to evaluate the sulfide stress cracking (SSC) resistance of L80 casing steels with different alloying chemistries (e.g. Ti-B and Mn-Cr-Mo) by correlating the reduction in area ratio with the mechanical property, inclusion and carbide. Design/methodology/approach SSC tests were conducted in 5.0 Wt.% sodium chloride and 0.5 Wt.% acetic acid solution saturated with H2S using constant load tensile method. The microstructure and fracture morphology of the steel were observed using scanning electron microscope. The inclusion and carbide were identified by energy dispersive spectroscopy and auger electron microscope. Findings Among all the testing steels, electric resistance welding (ERW) L80-0.5Mo steel demonstrates the highest SSC resistance because of its appropriate mechanical properties, uniform microstructure and low inclusion content. The SSC resistance of L80 steels generally decreases with the rising yield strength. The fracture mode of steel with low SSC resistance is jointly dominated by transgranular and intergranular cracking, whereas that with high SSC resistance is mainly transgranular cracking. SSC is more sensitive to inclusions than carbides because the cracks are easier to be initiated from the elongated inclusions and oversized oxide inclusions, especially the inclusion clusters. Unlike the elongated carbide, globular carbide in the steel can reduce the negative effect on the SSC resistance. Especially, a uniform microstructure with fine globular carbides favors a significant improvement in SSC resistance through precluding the cracking propagation. Originality/value The paper provides the new insights into the improvement in SSC resistance of L80 casing steel for its application in H2S environment through optimizing its alloying compositions and microstructure.

scholarly journals Hydrogen Embrittlement of Welded Joint Made of Supermartensitic Stainless Steel in Environment Containing Sulfane

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 709-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jonšta ◽  
P. Váňová ◽  
S. Brožová ◽  
P. Pustějovská ◽  
J. Sojka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Short Time Interval ◽  
Stress Cracking ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Sulfide Stress ◽  
Sulfide Stress Cracking ◽  
Short Time

Abstract The work is focused on evaluation of resistance of the welded joint made of supermartensitic 13Cr6Ni2.5Mo stainless steel to sulfide stress cracking. Testing method A and solution B in accordance with NACE TM 0177 were used. All the testing samples were ruptured in a very short time interval but welded joint samples were fractured primarily in the weld metal or in heat affected zone and not in the basic material. Material analysis of samples were made with use of a ZEISS NEOPHOT 32 light microscope and a JEOL 6490LV scanning electron microscope.

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