Measuring Pipeline Movement in Geotechnically Unstable Areas Using an Inertial Geometry Pipeline Inspection Pig

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslaw A. Czyz ◽  
Constantino Fraccaroli ◽  
Alan P. Sergeant
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Buried Pipeline ◽  
Pipeline Inspection ◽  
Bending Strain ◽  
Geometry Inspection ◽  
Accuracy And Repeatability ◽  
Nearly Continuous ◽  
Point Type

NOWSCO’s Inertial Geometry Inspection system (GEOPIG) measures pipeline location coordinates (x,y,h) and provides data for measuring pipeline bending strain and strain changes used for structural analysis and integrity evaluation of pipeline systems in geotechnically unstable areas. This paper reviews the results of work to prove such a system’s accuracy and repeatability against deliberately induced strain events in a 26 inch operating gas pipeline. An inertial geometry pipeline inspection tool provides nearly continuous measurement of pipeline centerline coordinates. Over time, run to run strain comparisons can be made providing information with respect to possible failure modes and timing. Monitoring buried pipeline movements in geotechnically unstable areas using strain gauges and/or monitoring rods can provide incomplete information with regard to true pipeline movement due to the discrete, point type measurement of these systems. If movement occurs outside of areas where such monitoring systems are deployed, information regarding important pipeline strain changes can go unmeasured. This paper reviews work involved in detecting, locating, and determining the magnitude and type of strain and corresponding pipeline movement induced at one unknown location within a 70 km section between two inertial geometry surveys. The inertial geometry results are compared against strain gauge field measurements.

scholarly journals Pipeline Bending Strain Measurement and Compensation Technology Based on Wavelet Neural Network

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Li ◽  
Maolin Cai ◽  
Yan Shi ◽  
Qingshan Feng ◽  
Shucong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Wavelet Neural Network ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Pipeline Inspection ◽  
Bending Strain ◽  
Oil And Gas Pipelines

The bending strain of long distance oil and gas pipelines may lead to instability of the pipeline and failure of materials, which seriously deteriorates the transportation security of oil and gas. To locate the position of the bending strain for maintenance, an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) is usually adopted in a Pipeline Inspection Gauge (PIG). The attitude data of the IMU is usually acquired to calculate the bending strain in the pipe. However, because of the vibrations in the pipeline and other system noises, the resulting bending strain calculations may be incorrect. To improve the measurement precision, a method, based on wavelet neural network, was proposed. To test the proposed method experimentally, a PIG with the proposed method is used to detect a straight pipeline. It can be obtained that the proposed method has a better repeatability and convergence than the original method. Furthermore, the new method is more accurate than the original method and the accuracy of bending strain is raised by about 23% compared to original method. This paper provides a novel method for precisely inspecting bending strain of long distance oil and gas pipelines and lays a foundation for improving the precision of inspection of bending strain of long distance oil and gas pipelines.

scholarly journals Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Markus G. R. Sause ◽  
Elena Jasiūnienė ◽  
Rhys Pullin
Keyword(s):  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Damage Mechanics ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Aerospace Industry ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
Maintenance Time

AbstractThe aerospace industry is aiming for a cleaner means of transport. One way to achieve this is by making transportation lighter, thus directly improving fuel efficiency and reducing environmental impact. A further aim, of the industry, is to reduce maintenance time to lessen operating costs, which can result in a reduction of air transport costs, benefitting both passenger and freight services. Current developments to support these aims include using advanced materials, with the current generation of aerospace structures being 50% composite materials. These materials offer a weight reduction whilst maintaining adequate stiffness; however, their damage mechanics are very complex and less deterministic than those of metals. This results in an overall reduced benefit. Structures are manufactured thicker using additional material to accommodate unknown or unpredictable failure modes, which cannot be easily detected during maintenance. A way to overcome these issues is the adoption of a structural health monitoring (SHM) inspection system.

Effect of Pre-Strain on Bending Strain Capacity of Mechanically Lined Pipe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Tkaczyk ◽  
Daniil Vasilikis ◽  
Aurelien Pepin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Elevated Pressure ◽  
Strain History ◽  
Strain Capacity ◽  
Bending Strain ◽  
History Of ◽  
Corrosion Resistant Alloy ◽  
Bending Loads

Abstract The high demand for subsea transportation of corrosive wellhead produced fluids has created interest in economical mechanically lined pipes (MLP) made of external carbon steel and a thin internal layer of corrosion resistant alloy (CRA). The bending strain capacity of an MLP, where a CRA liner is adhered to a carbon steel host pipe by means of an interference fit, is often governed by the liner wrinkling limit state. Although the strain capacity of the MLP with a typical 3 mm thick liner is enough to withstand bending to strains encountered during installation with the S-lay or J-lay method, the liner is at risk of wrinkling when the MLP is subjected to higher bending strains during reel-lay. To allow reeled installation, the liner strain capacity is enhanced by either increasing the liner thickness or pressurizing the MLP during installation. In the former approach, the required liner thickness is proportional to the pipe diameter. For larger diameter MLPs, it is therefore often more economical to select a 3 mm thick liner and flood and pressurize an MLP to ensure liner stability during reeling. However, the MLP may need to be depressurized and partially drained during installation to allow welding a structure, performing reel-to-reel connection or pipeline recovery which impose bending strain on a plastically pre-strained and depressurized pipeline. Furthermore, reeled pipelines may be depressurized subsea while subjected to bending loads from operation. Although there is a history of research into the limit loads and failure modes of MLPs, there is still no comprehensive guidance on determining the risk of liner wrinkling in plastically pre-strained MLPs. In this paper, an approach is proposed for evaluating the strain capacity and assessing the risk of liner wrinkling after an MLP, subjected to plastic bending during reeled installation at elevated pressure, is depressurized and subjected to installation loads during offshore intervention or operational loading in service. The combined effect of strain history at elevated pressure, reeling-induced ovality, bending direction after depressurization, differential pressure, temperature and residual strain is discussed. The recommendations for further work are also given.

scholarly journals DESIGN OF A CLOSE-UP STEREO VISION BASED SHEET METAL INSPECTION SYSTEM

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Goldstein ◽  
J. P. Mitchell ◽  
R. V. Fleisig ◽  
A. D. Spence
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Metal ◽  
Electrochemical Etching ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Strain Analysis ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Grid Pattern ◽  
System A ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Geometry Inspection ◽  
Achievable Accuracy

This paper describes the design and implementation of a close-up stereo computer vision based sheet metal strain and geometry inspection system. A square grid pattern is first applied to the part using either electrochemical etching or screen printing. The part is formed, and measured using a two camera sensor that can be attached to a CMM or FARO arm. Image processing is used to extract the corners of the deformed grid for either three dimensional reconstruction, or for strain analysis. Graphical results are conveniently displayed using HOOPS. Sample measurements using both steel and aluminum test domes indicate an achievable accuracy comparable to other systems.

Development of a Smart Pipe Inspection Gauge for Detection of Pipeline Defects

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwafemi Ayodeji Olugboji ◽  
Adinoyi Abdulmajeed Sadiq ◽  
Oluwafemi Olorunsaiye ◽  
David Omeiza Peters ◽  
Babatunde Ayobami Ajayi
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Pipe Wall ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Wireless Transmission ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Pipe Inspection ◽  
Pipeline Inspection

Pipeline defects and oil leakages pose an enormous challenge especially in the oil and gas industries, hence, the need for an effective and economical pipeline inspection system. This work focused on the development of a cost effective In-Line-Inspection tool called a smart pipe inspection gauge (PIG). A Test bed was designed and developed to simulate the impulses experienced by the PIG as it moved along the pipeline. The electronics and sensors embedded in the smart PIG were designed to detect vibrations as it moved along the pipe wall and allowed for the wireless transmission of data collected by the PIG system. The results obtained from the laboratory tests revealed dramatic changes in the vibrational intensity experienced by the smart PIG at various intervals. This validates the use of off-the-shelf sensing equipment with a low cost assembly to detect defects in pipelines.

PIPELINE INSPECTION USING A TORSIONAL GUIDED-WAVES INSPECTION SYSTEM. PART 1: DEFECT IDENTIFICATION

2014 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. 1450034 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. KHARRAT ◽  
M. N. ICHCHOU ◽  
O. BAREILLE ◽  
W. ZHOU
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Torsional Mode ◽  
Defect Identification ◽  
Pipeline Inspection ◽  
Fast Screening ◽  
System Part ◽  
The Hilbert Transform ◽  
Numerical Treatments

A steel pipeline of about 60 m long containing several pipes and structural singularities (bends, welds, clamps, etc.) is inspected in this work using a guided-waves technique. The inspection system is a pair of transducer-rings operating with the torsional mode T(0,1) and allows the long-range fast screening of the structure from defined measurement points. Recorded signals have submitted some numerical treatments in order to make them interpretable. The wavelet analysis is one of them and serves for denoising the raw signals. Besides, the Hilbert transform (HT) is applied in order to obtain the wave signals' envelopes leading to simplified curves easy to interpret. The processed signals are analyzed to identify defects' reflections from structural-singularities' echoes in the pipeline. The inspection system prove its efficiency for a global screening of such a long-range pipeline by detecting and localizing the defects.

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