Monitoring Fugitive Methane Gas Emission From Natural Gas Pads

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levente J. Klein ◽  
Ted van Kessel ◽  
Dhruv Nair ◽  
Ramachandran Muralidhar ◽  
Hendrik Hamann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Chemical Sensor ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Equipment Lifetime ◽  
Term Monitoring ◽  
Better Than

Identifying fugitive methane leaks can improve predictive maintenance of the extraction process, can extend gas extraction equipment lifetime, and eliminate hazardous work conditions. We demonstrate a wireless sensor network based on cost effective and robust chemi-resistive methane sensors combined with real time analytics to identify leaks from 2 scfh to 1000 scfh. The chemi-resistive sensors were validated to have a sensitivity better than 1 ppm in methane plume detection. The real time chemical sensor and wind data is integrated into an inversion models to identify the location and the magnitude of the methane leak. This integrated sensing and analytics solution can be deployed in outdoor environment for long term monitoring of accidental methane plume emissions, generate recommendations about fixing them, and ensure compliance with local government regulations.

Development and Assembly of a MEMS Based High-Sensitivity Relative Gravimeter for Multi-Pixel Imaging Applications 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Toland ◽  
Abhinav Prasad ◽  
Andreas Noack ◽  
Kristian Anastasiou ◽  
Richard Middlemiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mount Etna ◽  
Earth Tides ◽  
Gravity Measurements ◽  
Stepper Motors ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Term Monitoring

<p>The manufacture and production of a high-sensitivity cost-effective gravimeter has the potential to change the methodology and efficiency of gravity measurements. Currently, the most common method to conduct a survey is by using a single gravimeter, usually costing tens of thousands of Dollars, with measurements taken at multiple locations to obtain the required data. The availability of a cost-effective gravimeter however would allow the user to install multiple gravimeters, at the same cost of a single gravimeter, to increase the efficiency of surveys and long-term monitoring.  </p><p> </p><p>Since the previous reporting on a low-drift relative MEMS gravimeter for multi-pixel imaging applications (Prasad, A. et al, EGU2020-18528), significant progress has been made in the development and assembly of the previously reported system. Field prototypes have been manufactured and undergone significant testing to investigate the stability and robustness of the system in preparation for the deployment of multiple devices as part of the gravity imager on Mount Etna. The device, known as Wee-g, has several key features which makes it an attractive prospect in the field of gravimetry. Examples of these features are that the Wee-g is small and portable with the ability to connect to the device remotely, can be powered through a mains connected power supply, or through portable batteries, weighs under 4kg, has a low power consumption during normal use of 5W, correct for tilt through manual adjustments or remotely through integrated stepper motors with a total tilt correction range of 5 degrees, the ability to read out tilt of the device through an inclinometer for either alignment or long term monitoring and numerous temperature sensors and heater servos to control the temperature of the MEMS to <1mK.</p><p> </p><p>This presentation aims to report on the progress that has been achieved in the development and manufacturing of the prototype devices, various testing of the devices under various laboratory conditions (such as the measurements of the Earth tides, and a relative measurement of gravity at various floor levels), as well as additional applications that are to be explored in 2021. </p>

scholarly journals Pulse Radar with Field-Programmable Gate Array Range Compression for Real Time Displacement and Vibration Monitoring

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Mihai-Liviu Tudose ◽  
Andrei Anghel ◽  
Remus Cacoveanu ◽  
Mihai Datcu
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Vibration Monitoring ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Pulse Radar ◽  
Analog Front End ◽  
Compression Time ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Term Monitoring

This paper aims to present the basic functionality of a radar platform for real time monitoring of displacement and vibration. The real time capabilities make the radar platform useful when live monitoring of targets is required. The system is based on the RF analog front-end of a USRP, and the range compression (time-domain cross-correlation) is implemented on the FPGA included in the USRP. Further processing is performed on the host computer to plot real time range profiles, displacements, vibration frequencies spectra and spectrograms (waterfall plots) for long term monitoring. The system is currently in experimental form and the present paper aims to prove its functionality. The precision of this system is estimated (using the 3σ approximation) at 0.6 mm for displacement measurements and 1.8 mm for vibration amplitude measurements.

scholarly journals Atmospheric water vapour content over La Silla Paranal Observatory

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (H15) ◽  
pp. 537-537
Author(s):  
R. Querel ◽  
F. Kerber ◽  
R. Hanuschik ◽  
G. Lo Curto ◽  
D. Naylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Atmospheric Water ◽  
Water Vapour Content ◽  
Atmospheric Water Vapour ◽  
Infrared Wavelengths ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring ◽  
Principle Source

Water vapour is the principle source of opacity at infrared wavelengths in the earth's atmosphere. Measurements of atmospheric water vapour serve two primary purposes when considering operation of an observatory: long-term monitoring of precipital water vapour (PWV) is useful for characterizing potential observatory sites, and real-time monitoring of PWV is useful for optimizing use, in particular for mid-IR observations.

scholarly journals A real-time wireless wearable electroencephalography system based on Support Vector Machine for encephalopathy daily monitoring

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 155014771877956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Pingping Wang ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Bo Peng ◽  
Yufu Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Mobile Terminal ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Intelligent Support ◽  
Daily Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring

Wearable electroencephalography systems of out-of-hospital can both provide complementary recordings and offer several benefits over long-term monitoring. However, several limitations were present in these new-born systems, for example, uncomfortable for wearing, inconvenient for retrieving the recordings by patients themselves, unable to timely provide accurate classification, and early warning information. Therefore, we proposed a wireless wearable electroencephalography system for encephalopathy daily monitoring, named as Brain-Health, which focused on the following three points: (a) the monitoring device integrated with electroencephalography acquisition sensors, signal processing chip, and Bluetooth, attached to a sport hat or elastic headband; (b) the mobile terminal with dedicated application, which is not only for continuous recording and displaying electroencephalography signal but also for early warning in real time; and (c) the encephalopathy’s classification algorithm based on intelligent Support Vector Machine, which is used in a new application of wearable electroencephalography for encephalopathy daily monitoring. The results showed a high mean accuracy of 91.79% and 93.89% in two types of classification for encephalopathy. In conclusion, good performance of our Brain-Health system indicated the feasibility and effectiveness for encephalopathy daily monitoring and patients’ health self-management.

scholarly journals Cost-effective autonomous sensor for the long-term monitoring of water electrical conductivity of crop fields

2019 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 104940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Serrano-Finetti ◽  
Carles Aliau-Bonet ◽  
Oscar López-Lapeña ◽  
Ramon Pallàs-Areny
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Autonomous Sensor ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring

scholarly journals Indoor Thermal Environment Long-Term Data Analytics Using IoT Devices in Korean Apartments: A Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7334
Author(s):  
Hyunjun Yun ◽  
Jinho Yang ◽  
Byong Hyoek Lee ◽  
Jongcheol Kim ◽  
Jong-Ryeul Sohn
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Temperature Management ◽  
Living Room ◽  
Indoor Thermal Environment ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Term Monitoring

IoT-based monitoring devices can transmit real-time and long-term thermal environment data, enabling innovative conversion for the evaluation and management of the indoor thermal environment. However, long-term indoor thermal measurements using IoT-based devices to investigate health effects have rarely been conducted. Using apartments in Seoul as a case study, we conducted long-term monitoring of thermal environmental using IoT-based real-time wireless sensors. We measured the temperature, relative humidity (RH), and CO2 in the kitchen, living room, and bedrooms of each household over one year. In addition, in one of the houses, velocity and globe temperatures were measured for multiple summer and autumn seasons. Results of our present study indicated that outdoor temperature is an important influencing factor of indoor thermal environment and indoor RH is a good indicator of residents’ lifestyle. Our findings highlighted the need for temperature management in summer, RH management in winter, and kitchen thermal environment management during summer and tropical nights. This study suggested that IoT devices are a potential approach for evaluating personal exposure to indoor thermal environmental risks. In addition, long-term monitoring and analysis is an efficient approach for analyzing complex indoor thermal environments and is a viable method for application in healthcare.

scholarly journals A Cost-Effective Trace Gas Measurement Program for Long-Term Monitoring of the Stratospheric Circulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred L. Moore ◽  
Eric A. Ray ◽  
Karen H. Rosenlof ◽  
James W. Elkins ◽  
Pieter Tans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Trace Gas ◽  
Gas Measurement ◽  
Stratospheric Circulation ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring

Variability of Water Masers in W49N: Results from Effelsberg Long-term Monitoring Programme

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (S336) ◽  
pp. 279-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Busaba H. Kramer ◽  
Karl M. Menten ◽  
Alex Kraus
Keyword(s):  
High Velocity ◽  
Monitoring Programme ◽  
Shock Propagation ◽  
Velocity Range ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Water Masers ◽  
Term Monitoring ◽  
Line Observation ◽  
Better Than

AbstractWe present the results from an ongoing long-term monitoring of the 22 GHz H2O maser in W49N with the 100-m Effelsberg radio telescope from February 2014 to September 2017. The unique Effelsbergs spectral line observation capability provides a broad velocity range coverage from −500 to +500 km s−1 with a spectral resolution better than 0.1 km/s. Following the strong major outburst in W49N in late 2013, we have started a long-term monitoring programme at Effelsberg. The major outburst feature (up to 80,000 Jy at VLSR − 98 km s−1) faded away by June 2014. However, we found that the site is still active with several high velocity outbursts (both blue and redshifted). Some features appear at extremely high velocities (up to ±280 km s−1) and show rapid flux variations within a 1-2 month period. This sub-year scale variability implies that the water masers could be excited by episodic shock propagation caused by a high-velocity protostellar jet.

scholarly journals MIRRA: A Modular and Cost-Effective Microclimate Monitoring System for Real-Time Remote Applications

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4615
Author(s):  
Olivier Pieters ◽  
Emiel Deprost ◽  
Jonas Van Der Donckt ◽  
Lore Brosens ◽  
Pieter Sanczuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Real Time Data ◽  
Microclimate Monitoring ◽  
Weather Stations

Monitoring climate change, and its impacts on ecological, agricultural, and other societal systems, is often based on temperature data derived from official weather stations. Yet, these data do not capture most microclimates, influenced by soil, vegetation and topography, operating at spatial scales relevant to the majority of organisms on Earth. Detecting and attributing climate change impacts with confidence and certainty will only be possible by a better quantification of temperature changes in forests, croplands, mountains, shrublands, and other remote habitats. There is an urgent need for a novel, miniature and simple device filling the gap between low-cost devices with manual data download (no instantaneous data) and high-end, expensive weather stations with real-time data access. Here, we develop an integrative real-time monitoring system for microclimate measurements: MIRRA (Microclimate Instrument for Real-time Remote Applications) to tackle this problem. The goal of this platform is the design of a miniature and simple instrument for near instantaneous, long-term and remote measurements of microclimates. To that end, we optimised power consumption and transfer data using a cellular uplink. MIRRA is modular, enabling the use of different sensors (e.g., air and soil temperature, soil moisture and radiation) depending upon the application, and uses an innovative node system highly suitable for remote locations. Data from separate sensor modules are wirelessly sent to a gateway, thus avoiding the drawbacks of cables. With this sensor technology for the long-term, low-cost, real-time and remote sensing of microclimates, we lay the foundation and open a wide range of possibilities to map microclimates in different ecosystems, feeding a next generation of models. MIRRA is, however, not limited to microclimate monitoring thanks to its modular and wireless design. Within limits, it is suitable or any application requiring real-time data logging of power-efficient sensors over long periods of time. We compare the performance of this system to a reference system in real-world conditions in the field, indicating excellent correlation with data collected by established data loggers. This proof-of-concept forms an important foundation to creating the next version of MIRRA, fit for large scale deployment and possible commercialisation. In conclusion, we developed a novel wireless cost-effective sensor system for microclimates.

scholarly journals Efficient routes to land conservation given risk of covenant failure

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Schuster ◽  
Peter Arcese
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Legal Challenges ◽  
Monitoring And Enforcement ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Conservation Investment ◽  
Term Monitoring

Conservation initiatives to protect valued species communities in human-dominated landscapes face challenges linked to their potential costs. Conservation covenants on private land may represent a cost-effective alternative to land purchase, although many questions on the long-term monitoring and enforcement costs of covenants and the risk of violation or legal challenges remain unquantified. We explore the cost-effectiveness of conservation covenants, defined here as the fraction of the high-biodiversity landscape potentially protected via investment in covenants versus land purchase. We show that covenant violation and dispute rates substantially affect the estimated long-term cost-effectiveness of a covenant versus land purchase strategy. Our results suggest the long-term cost-effectiveness of conservation covenants may outperform land purchase as a strategy to protect biodiversity as long as disputes and legal challenges are low, but point to a critical need for monitoring data to reduce uncertainty and maximize conservation investment cost-effectiveness.

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