scholarly journals Peel-and-Stick Sensors Powered by Directed RF Energy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Lalau-Keraly ◽  
George Daniel ◽  
Joseph Lee ◽  
David Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensors ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Power Delivery ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Sensor Localization ◽  
Building Management ◽  
Building Management System ◽  
Rf Energy

PARC, a Xerox Company, is developing a low-cost system of peel-and-stick wireless sensors that will enable widespread building environment sensor deployment with the potential to deliver up to 30% energy savings. The system is embodied by a set of RF hubs that provide power to automatically located sensor nodes, and relay data wirelessly to the building management system (BMS). The sensor nodes are flexible electronic labels powered by rectified RF energy transmitted by an RF hub and can contain multiple printed and conventional sensors. The system design overcomes limitations in wireless sensors related to power delivery, lifetime, and cost by eliminating batteries and photovoltaic devices. Sensor localization is performed automatically by the inclusion of a programmable multidirectional antenna array in the RF hub. Comparison of signal strengths while the RF beam is swept allows for sensor localization, reducing installation effort and enabling automatic recommissioning of sensors that have been relocated, overcoming a significant challenge in building operations. PARC has already demonstrated wireless power and temperature data transmission up to a distance of 20m with less than one minute between measurements, using power levels well within the FCC regulation limits in the 902–928 MHz ISM band. The sensor’s RF energy harvesting antenna achieves high performance with dimensions below 5cm × 9cm.

Peel-and-Stick Sensors Powered by Directed Radio-Frequency Energy

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Eric Schwartz ◽  
Clinton J. Smith ◽  
Joseph Lee ◽  
Shakthi Priya Gowri ◽  
George Daniel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Wireless Sensors ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Sensor Localization ◽  
Radio Frequency Energy ◽  
Commission Regulation ◽  
Rf Energy

PARC, a Xerox Company, is developing a low-cost system of peel-and-stick wireless sensors that will enable widespread building environmental sensor deployment with the potential to deliver up to 30% energy savings. The system is embodied by a set of radio-frequency (RF) hubs that provide power to automatically located sensor nodes and relay data wirelessly to the building management system (BMS). The sensor nodes are flexible electronic labels powered by rectified RF energy transmitted by the RF hub and can contain multiple printed and conventional sensors. The system design overcomes limitations in wireless sensors related to power delivery, lifetime, and cost by eliminating batteries and photovoltaic devices. Sensor localization is performed automatically by the inclusion of a programmable multidirectional antenna array in the RF hub. Comparison of signal strengths as the RF beam is swept allows for sensor localization, reducing installation effort and enabling automatic recommissioning of sensors that have been relocated. PARC has already demonstrated wireless power and temperature data transmission up to a distance of 20 m with 71 s between measurements, using power levels well within the Federal Communications Commission regulation limits in the 902–928 MHz industrial, medical and scientific (ISM) band. The sensor's RF energy harvesting antenna achieves high performance with dimensions of 5 cm × 9.5 cm.

scholarly journals Numerical Model for Prediction of Indoor COVID-19 Infection Risk Based on Sensor Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 2069 (1) ◽  
pp. 012189
Author(s):  
J Virbulis ◽  
M Sjomkane ◽  
M Surovovs ◽  
A Jakovics
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Building Management ◽  
Building Management System ◽  
Predicted Risk ◽  
Droplet Transmission

Abstract In addition to infection with SARS-CoV-2 via direct droplet transmission or contact with contaminated surfaces, infection via aerosol transport is a predominant pathway in indoor environments. The developed numerical model evaluates the risk of a COVID-19 infection in a particular room based on measurements of temperature, humidity, CO2 and particle concentration, the number of people and instances of speech, coughs and sneezing using a dedicated low-cost sensor system. The model can dynamically provide the predicted risk of infection to the building management system or people in the room. The effect of temperature, humidity and ventilation intensity on the infection risk is shown. Coughing and especially sneezing greatly increase the probability of infection in the room; therefore distinguishing these events is crucial for the applied measurement system.

scholarly journals Motion and Sash Height (MASH) alarms for efficient fume hood use

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnathan Kongoletos ◽  
Ethan Munden ◽  
Jennifer Ballew ◽  
Daniel J. Preston
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Monitoring Device ◽  
Fume Hood ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Building Management ◽  
Active Feedback ◽  
Annual Carbon ◽  
Building Management System ◽  
Using Data

AbstractVentilation, including fume hoods, consumes 40–70% of the total energy used by modern laboratories. Energy-conscious fume hood usage—for example, closing the sash when a hood is unused—can significantly reduce energy expenditures due to ventilation. Prior approaches to promote such behaviors among lab users have primarily relied on passive feedback methods. In this work, we developed a low-cost fume hood monitoring device with active feedback to alert lab users when a fume hood is left open and unused. Using data collected by the building management system, we observed a 75.6% decrease in the average sash height after installation of these “Motion and Sash Height” (MASH) alarms, which would result in a reduction roughly equal to 43% of the annual carbon emissions of a typical American vehicle, for each fume hood. The MASH alarm presented here reduced energy costs by approximately $1,159 per year, per hood, at MIT.

Building Sensor Grid Architecture for Large-Scale Air Pollution Data Management

2013 ◽  
Vol 831 ◽  
pp. 276-281
Author(s):  
Ya Jie Ma ◽  
Zhi Jian Mei ◽  
Xiang Chuan Tian
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Data Management ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Grid Architecture ◽  
Autonomous Sensor ◽  
Efficient Data

Large-scale sensor networks are systems that a large number of high-throughput autonomous sensor nodes are distributed over wide areas. Much attention has paid to provide efficient data management in such systems. Sensor grid provides low cost and high performance computing to physical world data perceived through sensors. This article analyses the real-time sensor grid challenges on large-scale air pollution data management. A sensor grid architecture for pollution data management is proposed. The processing of the service-oriented grid management is described in psuedocode. A simulation experiment investigates the performance of the data management for such a system.

scholarly journals Full IoT Lora School Building Management System

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Mataloto ◽  
Joao C. Ferreira ◽  
Nuno Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Development Phase ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Flexible Approach ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Building Management ◽  
Building Management System ◽  
Communication Board

In this research paper we describe the development phase of a low-cost LoRa IoT solution applied to a kindergarten school with three years results. A set of sensors solution was developed in a LoRa communication board, battery powered, providing a simplified setup process. These sensors were used in order to measure temperature, humidity, luminosity, air quality and presence. Also, energy monitor solutions were integrated. The acquired data is transmitted and analysed for knowledge extraction, identifying savings and other related KPIs. From data, automatic saving actions were performed towards heating and cooling systems, lighting and a set of if-then actions were developed for automatic cost-saving actions, based on infrared signals to heating/cooling systems using some procedure of external command devices. This approach avoids the usage of proprietary vendor solutions in a flexible approach that can easily be deployed to any building facility. This is an important achievement since most of the building consumption is based on heating and cooling systems. In a three years test of the solution, the total energy consumption savings surpassed 20%

Application of WeChat Mini-Program and Wi-Fi SoC in Agricultural IoT: A Low-Cost Greenhouse Monitoring System

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-337
Author(s):  
Lei Zhou ◽  
Zhengjun Qiu ◽  
Yong He
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
On Chip

HighlightsA quick solution for developing and deploying custom agricultural IoT systems is proposed.Low-cost and high-performance devices are used for the design of sensor nodes.A mobile application based on WeChat Mini-Program is developed for device and data management.The proposed system brings convenience to both users and developers.Abstract. Increasing demand for automatic management of agricultural production and real-time remote monitoring has increased the need for smart devices, wireless technologies, and sensors. The internet of things (IoT) has emerged as a common technology for the management of multiple devices by multiple users. Some professional solutions are relatively difficult to implement for researchers who are interested in agricultural IoT but do not have requisite skills in computers and electronics. The unfriendliness of the user software limits the practical application of agricultural IoT in China. This article presents a simple solution based on an SoC (system-on-chip) and WeChat mini-program that focuses on low-cost hardware, rapid development, user-friendly application design, and helping developers get a quick start in building a DIY monitoring system. The ESP8266, a high-performance SoC, is used as the microcontroller and Wi-Fi module to transfer the sensor data to a remote server. A WeChat mini-program provides the graphical user interface, enabling users to manage devices and access data by clicking. Users can log into the system using their WeChat accounts and bind devices by scanning QR codes on the devices. Thus, the complex management and device binding in conventional systems can be overcome. The system is easy to be expand and has great potential for greenhouse environmental monitoring in China. Keywords: Greenhouse ambient monitoring, Internet of things, WeChat mini-program, Wi-Fi SoC.

scholarly journals Development and Analysis of a Dynamic Energy Model of an Office Using a Building Management System (BMS) and Actual Measurement Data

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 6419
Author(s):  
Rasa Džiugaitė-Tumėnienė ◽  
Rūta Mikučionienė ◽  
Giedrė Streckienė ◽  
Juozas Bielskus
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Energy Model ◽  
Actual Measurement ◽  
Building Model ◽  
Building Management ◽  
Building Management System ◽  
Actual Energy Consumption

Calibration of the energy model of a building is one of the essential tasks required to determine the efficiency of building management systems, and both their own and other systems’ improvement potential. In order to make the building energy model as accurate as possible, it is necessary to collect comprehensive data on its operation and sometimes to assess the missing information. This paper represents the process of developing an energy model for an administrative building and its calibration procedure, using detailed long-term measurement and building management system (BMS) data. Indoor air temperature, CO₂ concentration, and relative humidity were experimentally measured and evaluated separately. Such dual application of data reduces the inaccuracy of the assumptions made and assesses the model’s accuracy. The DesignBuilder software developed the building model. During the development of the model, it was observed that the actual energy consumption needs to be assessed, as the assumptions made during the design about the operation and management of HVAC systems often do not coincide with the actual situation. After integrating BMS information on HVAC management into the building model, the resulting discrepancy between the model results and the actual heat consumption was 6.5%. Such a model can be further used to optimize management decisions and assess energy savings potential.

scholarly journals Study of Wireless Authentication Center with Mixed Encryption in WSN

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqin Lu ◽  
Jing Zhai ◽  
Ronghuan Zhu ◽  
Jiancheng Qin
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Data Encryption ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Critical Data ◽  
Computational Capability ◽  
Hash Algorithm ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Secure Hash Algorithm ◽  
Microcontroller Unit

WSN (wireless sensor network) has been used in a wide range of applications nowadays. Sensor networks may often relay critical data; thus, security must be a high priority. However, due to their limited computational, energy, and storage resources, sensor nodes are vulnerable to attack. So how to protect sensor nodes from attacks without raising computational capability and energy consumption is a worthwhile issue. A WAC (wireless authentication center) with mixed encryption named “MEWAC” is proposed. MEWAC is based on MCU (Microcontroller Unit) and WiFi (Wireless Fidelity) module and uses RSA, AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), and SHA-1 (Secure Hash Algorithm 1) to provide high performance authentication and data encryption services for sensor nodes. The experimental results show that MEWAC has the advantages of low cost, low power consumption, good performance, and stability; moreover, the authentication protocol improves the security of WSN and reduces the overhead in node authentication.

scholarly journals Customer’s Perception on Building Management Systems in Residential Complexes at Chennai

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 96-104
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Alarm System ◽  
Customer Requirements ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
Building Management ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Building Management System ◽  
Monetary Savings

Customers should aware about the building management system (BMS) and their requirements based on the location of the apartment, type of the apartment and number of floors in the apartment. It is observed from various literature reviews that the customer requirements vary depending on the geographic physiological environment they are present in. Various techniques were followed and the project went up to 16 weeks. Observation of the customer requirements in BMS have been made and key areas to be focused based on location such as 1.Rural residents preferred having fire and alarm system and energy savings 2.Urban residents focused on Monetary, energy and security systems has been identified. Observation was also made based on the apartment type and customer requirements varied if the apartment is an individual standalone apartment or a multiple cluster of apartment. The other factor based on which the customers preference varied is the number of floors in the apartment, where as the floors increases the focus was on security systems, else the focus was on monetary savings. I also provide suggestions like elements to focus on rural apartment, urban apartment and standalone apartment.

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