An Innovative Way to Measure Temperature by Using the Faraday Effect

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranav Limaye ◽  
Anisur Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Faraday Effect ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Magnetic Field Intensity ◽  
Sensing Element ◽  
Fiber Optic Cable ◽  
Optical Phenomenon

An innovative temperature sensor has been presented based on “Faraday Effect”. The Faraday Effect or the Faraday rotation is a magneto-optical phenomenon; that is, an interaction between electromagnetic wave and a magnetic field in a medium. Optical sensors based on the Faraday Effect have the advantages of simplicity, high electrical insulation and immunity to electromagnetic interference. We will be making use of an optical fiber and a permanent magnet as our sensing elements. The magnet will be the sensing element for change in temperature and the fiber optic cable will sense the change in magnetic field intensity corresponding to the change in temperature.

High-voltage monitoring by the fiber-optic recirculating measuring system

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
A. V. Polyakov ◽  
M. A. Ksenofontov
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibers ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Electric Power Industry ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Voltage Range ◽  
External Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Optic Communication

Optical technologies for measuring electrical quantities attract great attention due to their unique properties and significant advantages over other technologies used in high-voltage electric power industry: the use of optical fibers ensures high stability of measuring equipment to electromagnetic interference and galvanic isolation of high-voltage sensors; external electromagnetic fields do not influence the data transmitted from optical sensors via fiber-optic communication lines; problems associated with ground loops are eliminated, there are no side electromagnetic radiation and crosstalk between the channels. The structure and operation principle of a quasi-distributed fiber-optic high-voltage monitoring system is presented. The sensitive element is a combination of a piezo-ceramic tube with an optical fiber wound around it. The device uses reverse transverse piezoelectric effect. The measurement principle is based on recording the change in the recirculation frequency under the applied voltage influence. When the measuring sections are arranged in ascending order of the measured effective voltages relative to the receiving-transmitting unit, a relative resolution of 0,3–0,45 % is achieved for the PZT-5H and 0,8–1,2 % for the PZT-4 in the voltage range 20–150 kV.

scholarly journals Smart Monitoring of Flat Wheel in Railway Using Optical Sensors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preeta Sharan ◽  
Manpreet Singh Manna ◽  
Inderpreet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Optical Sensor ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors ◽  
Railway Industry ◽  
Condition Monitoring System

The need for improved safety, reliability and efficiency is one of the most important aspects of the railway industry worldwide. Optical sensors can be used in smart condition monitoring system that can allow real time and continuous monitoring of the structural and operational conditions of trains. Railway monitoring is carried by the use of Fiber Bragg Grating sensors which measures strain, vibration, temperature, acceleration in continuous manner. This chapter covers introduction and working of optical sensors, Finite Element Analysis of rail-wheel geometry and health monitoring of rail wheel. FBG as optical sensor is well known for its advantages such as easy multiplexing, wavelength encoding and multiparameter sensing, immune to electromagnetic interference, reliability, flexibility. Sensitivity of optical sensor in compare to traditional sensors goes as 1.2 pm/μɛ and 10 pm/μɛ for strain and temperature sensor at 1550 nm of wavelength.

scholarly journals Recent Progress on Electromagnetic Field Measurement Based on Optical Sensors

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (13) ◽  
pp. 2860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Peng ◽  
Shuhai Jia ◽  
Jiaming Bian ◽  
Shuo Zhang ◽  
Jianben Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Magnetic Fluid ◽  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Field Measurement ◽  
Faraday Effect ◽  
Optical Sensing ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Electrostatic Attraction

Electromagnetic field sensors are widely used in various areas. In recent years, great progress has been made in the optical sensing technique for electromagnetic field measurement, and varieties of corresponding sensors have been proposed. Types of magnetic field optical sensors were presented, including probes-based Faraday effect, magnetostrictive materials, and magnetic fluid. The sensing system-based Faraday effect is complex, and the sensors are mostly used in intensive magnetic field measurement. Magnetic field optical sensors based on magnetic fluid have high sensitivity compared to that based on magnetostrictive materials. Three types of electric field optical sensors are presented, including the sensor probes based on electric-optic crystal, piezoelectric materials, and electrostatic attraction. The majority of sensors are developed using the sensing scheme of combining the LiNbO3 crystal and optical fiber interferometer due to the good electro-optic properties of the crystal. The piezoelectric materials-based electric field sensors have simple structure and easy fabrication, but it is not suitable for weak electric field measurement. The sensing principle based on electrostatic attraction is less commonly-used sensing methods. This review aims at presenting the advances in optical sensing technology for electromagnetic field measurement, analyzing the principles of different types of sensors and discussing each advantage and disadvantage, as well as the future outlook on the performance improvement of sensors.

Fiber optic magnetic field sensors based on Faraday effect in new materials

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr I. Nikitin ◽  
A. N. Grigorenko ◽  
Vitali I. Konov ◽  
A. I. Savchuk
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Faraday Effect ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Magnetic Field Sensors

Magnetic field fibre-optical sensors based on Faraday effect

1991 ◽  
Vol 27 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 767-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.N. Barybin ◽  
A.N. Grigorenko ◽  
V.I. Konov ◽  
P.I. Nikitin
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Faraday Effect

scholarly journals Fiber Optic Sensors Based on the Faraday Effect

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 6564
Author(s):  
Pedja Mihailovic ◽  
Slobodan Petricevic
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Faraday Effect ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Fiber Optic Sensors ◽  
Fiber Optic Sensor ◽  
Optic Sensor ◽  
Available Technology ◽  
Commercial Device

Some 175 years ago Michael Faraday discovered magnetic circular birefringence, now commonly known as the Faraday effect. Sensing the magnetic field through the influence that the field has on light within the fiber optic sensor offers several advantages, one of them fundamental. These advantages find application in the measurement of electric current at high voltages by measuring the induced magnetic field, thus warranting application for this kind of fiber optic sensor (FOS) in future smart grids. Difficulties in designing and manufacturing high-performance FOSs were greatly alleviated by developments in optical telecommunication technology, thus giving new impetus to magnetometry based on the Faraday effect. Some of the major problems in the processing of optical signals and temperature dependence have been resolved, yet much effort is still needed to implement all solutions into a single commercial device. Artificial structures with giant Faraday rotation, reported in the literature in the 21st century, will further improve the performance of FOSs based on the Faraday effect. This paper will consider obstacles and limits imposed by the available technology and review solutions proposed so far for fiber optic sensors based on the Faraday effect.

Fiber-optic magnetic-field and electric-current sensors based on the Faraday effect in Bi12GeO20 and Bi12SiO20 crystals

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-354
Author(s):  
A. V. Kukhta ◽  
A. M. Mamedov ◽  
V. T. Potapov ◽  
T. V. Potapov ◽  
M. E. Udalov
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Faraday Effect ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Current Sensors

The ROLE OF CHINA-PAK ECONOMIC CORRIDOR (CPEC) IN LOGISTIC SYSTEM OF PAKISTAN’S AND CHINA’S

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-50
Author(s):  
Ikram Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Lead Time ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Delivery Time ◽  
Fiber Optic Cable ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Economic Complexity ◽  
Shipping Cost ◽  
The Impact

This study will explain the impact of China-Pak Economic Corridor (CPEC) on logistic system of China and Pakistan. This project is estimated investment of US $90 billion, CPEC project is consists of various sub-projects including energy, road, railway and fiber optic cable but major portion will be spent on energy. This project will start from Kashgar port of china to Gwadar port of Pakistan. Transportation is sub-function of logistic that consists of 44% total cost of logistic system and 20% total cost of production of manufacturing and mainly shipping cost and transit/delivery time are critical for logistic system. According to OEC (The Observing Economic Complexity) currently, china is importing crude oil which 13.4% from Persian Gulf. CPEC will china for lead time that will be reduced from 45 days to 10 days and distance from 2500km to 1300km. This new route will help to china for less transit/deliver time and shipping cost in terms of logistic of china. Pakistan’s transportation will also improve through road, railway and fiber optic cabal projects from Karachi-Peshawar it will have speed 160km per hour and with help of pipeline between Gwadar to Nawabshah gas will be transported from Iran. According to (www.cpec.inf.com) Pakistan logistic industry will grow by US $30.77 billion in the end of 2020.

Optical data signals in fiber optic communication links with fading

2019 ◽  
pp. 94-104
Author(s):  
I. Juwiler ◽  
I. Bronfman ◽  
N. Blaunstein
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Efficiency ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Fiber Optic Cable ◽  
Optical Signals ◽  
Dispersion Properties ◽  
Optical Cable ◽  
Time Dispersion ◽  
Communication Links ◽  
Fiber Optic Communication ◽  
Optic Communication

Introduction: This article is based on the recent research work in the field of two subjects: signal data parameters in fiber optic communication links, and dispersive properties of optical signals caused by non-homogeneous material phenomena and multimode propagation of optical signals in such kinds of wired links.Purpose: Studying multimode dispersion by analyzing the propagation of guiding optical waves along a fiber optic cable with various refractive index profiles of the inner optical cable (core) relative to the outer cladding, as well as dispersion properties of a fiber optic cable due to inhomogeneous nature of the cladding along the cable, for two types of signal code sequences transmitted via the cable: return-to-zero and non-return-to-zero ones.Methods: Dispersion properties of multimode propagation inside a fiber optic cable are analyzed with an advanced 3D model of optical wave propagation in a given guiding structure. The effects of multimodal dispersion and material dispersion causing the optical signal delay spread along the cable were investigated analytically and numerically.Results: Time dispersion properties were obtained and graphically illustrated for two kinds of fiber optic structures with different refractive index profiles. The dispersion was caused by multimode (e.g. multi-ray) propagation and by the inhomogeneous nature of the material along the cable. Their effect on the capacity and spectral efficiency of a data signal stream passing through such a guiding optical structure is illustrated for arbitrary refractive indices of the inner (core) and outer (cladding) elements of the optical cable. A new methodology is introduced for finding and evaluating the effects of time dispersion of optical signals propagating in fiber optic structures of various kinds. An algorithm is proposed for estimating the spectral efficiency loss measured in bits per second per Hertz per each kilometer along the cable, for arbitrary presentation of the code signals in the data stream, non-return-to zero or return-to-zero ones. All practical tests are illustrated by MATLAB utility.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document