CMOS Compatible Wafer-Scale Encapsulation MEMS Resonators

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bongsang Kim ◽  
Matthew A. Hopcroft ◽  
Renata Melamud ◽  
Chandra M. Jha ◽  
Manu Agarwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Factors ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Mems Resonators ◽  
Temperature Coefficient Of Frequency ◽  
Encapsulation Process ◽  
Cmos Compatible ◽  
Ppm Level ◽  
Sealing Layer ◽  
Reduced Temperature

A unique MEMS encapsulation process on the use of epipolysilicon as a packaging and sealing layer is demonstrated. This process provides a very clean and stable environment for MEMS, is compatible with CMOS integration, and can be carried out in a conventional CMOS facility with standard tools. Silicon resonators fabricated inside the ‘epi-seal’ encapsulation showed quality factors over 10,000 and commercial level long-term stability (ppm level drift for over 1 year of operation). In addition, several modifications and improvements, such as Si-SiO2 composite resonators for reduced temperature coefficient of frequency and thermal isolated anchors for direct temperature control were successfully added to this process for improvements in resonator stability over temperature.

scholarly journals Highly Sustainable and Completely Amorphous Hierarchical Ceramide Microcapsules for Potential Epidermal Barrier

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2166
Author(s):  
Joonsik Yoon ◽  
Minjoo Noh ◽  
Jun Bae Lee ◽  
Jun Hyup Lee
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Bioactive Lipids ◽  
Epidermal Barrier ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Packing Structure ◽  
Packing Parameter ◽  
Encapsulation Process ◽  
Main Component

As a main component of the stratum corneum, ceramides can construct protective lamellae to provide an epidermal barrier against dehydration or external microorganisms. However, as ceramide molecules can easily form the isolated crystalline phase through self-assembly due to the amphipathic nature of bioactive lipids, the effective incorporation of ceramides into liquid media is the remaining issue for controlled release. Here, we report an unprecedented effective strategy to fabricate a completely amorphous and highly sustainable hierarchical ceramide polymer microcapsule for promising epidermal barrier by using the interpenetrating and cooperative self-construction of conical amphiphiles with a different critical packing parameter. The self-constructed amorphous architecture of ceramides in polymer microcapsule is achieved by the facile doping of conical amphiphiles and subsequent in situ polymerization of shell polymer in the core-shell geometry. It is experimentally revealed that an irregular cooperative packing structure formed by adaptive hydrophobic–hydrophilic interactions of cylindrical ceramides and conical amphiphiles in the confined microcapsule geometry enables a completely amorphous morphology of ceramides to be realized during the spontaneous encapsulation process. Furthermore, this elegant approach affords a highly dispersible and uniform hierarchical amorphous ceramide microcapsule with a greatly enhanced long-term stability compared to conventional crystalline ceramides.

Versatile perovskite solar cell encapsulation by low-temperature ALD-Al2O3 with long-term stability improvement

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 2468-2479 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Javier Ramos ◽  
Tony Maindron ◽  
Solène Béchu ◽  
Amelle Rebai ◽  
Mathieu Frégnaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Atomic Layer Deposition ◽  
Cell Encapsulation ◽  
Atomic Layer ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cell ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Layer Deposition ◽  
Encapsulation Process

A low temperature (60 °C) encapsulation process based on a single thin (16 nm) coating of Al2O3 prepared by atomic layer deposition.

Stability and Change in Emotional Intelligence: Exploring the Transition to Young Adulthood

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D.A. Parker ◽  
Donald H. Saklofske ◽  
Laura M. Wood ◽  
Jennifer M. Eastabrook ◽  
Robyn N. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Postsecondary Education ◽  
Life Transition ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Transition From High School

Abstract. The concept of emotional intelligence (EI) has attracted growing interest from researchers working in various fields. The present study examined the long-term stability (32 months) of EI-related abilities over the course of a major life transition (the transition from high school to university). During the first week of full-time study, a large group of undergraduates completed the EQ-i:Short; 32 months later a random subset of these students (N = 238), who had started their postsecondary education within 24 months of graduating from high school, completed the measures for a second time. The study found EI scores to be relatively stable over the 32-month time period. EI scores were also found to be significantly higher at Time 2; the overall pattern of change in EI-levels was more than can be attributed to the increased age of the participants.

Multi-Center Calibration of the Second Reference Material for Thromboplastin, Rabbit, Plain, Coded CRM 149R

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (03) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M H P van den Besselaar ◽  
R M Bertina
Keyword(s):  
Reference Material ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Significant Bias ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
International Sensitivity Index

SummaryIn a collaborative trial of eleven laboratories which was performed mainly within the framework of the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR), a second reference material for thromboplastin, rabbit, plain, was calibrated against its predecessor RBT/79. This second reference material (coded CRM 149R) has a mean International Sensitivity Index (ISI) of 1.343 with a standard error of the mean of 0.035. The standard error of the ISI was determined by combination of the standard errors of the ISI of RBT/79 and the slope of the calibration line in this trial.The BCR reference material for thromboplastin, human, plain (coded BCT/099) was also included in this trial for assessment of the long-term stability of the relationship with RBT/79. The results indicated that this relationship has not changed over a period of 8 years. The interlaboratory variation of the slope of the relationship between CRM 149R and RBT/79 was significantly lower than the variation of the slope of the relationship between BCT/099 and RBT/79. In addition to the manual technique, a semi-automatic coagulometer according to Schnitger & Gross was used to determine prothrombin times with CRM 149R. The mean ISI of CRM 149R was not affected by replacement of the manual technique by this particular coagulometer.Two lyophilized plasmas were included in this trial. The mean slope of relationship between RBT/79 and CRM 149R based on the two lyophilized plasmas was the same as the corresponding slope based on fresh plasmas. Tlowever, the mean slope of relationship between RBT/79 and BCT/099 based on the two lyophilized plasmas was 4.9% higher than the mean slope based on fresh plasmas. Thus, the use of these lyophilized plasmas induced a small but significant bias in the slope of relationship between these thromboplastins of different species.

The Stability of the WHO Reference Thromboplastin NIBS & C 67/40

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (04) ◽  
pp. 1135-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
G I C Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Calibration Constant ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Human Material ◽  
Reference Preparation ◽  
The Stability

SummaryThe International Reference Preparation of human brain thromboplastin coded 67/40 has been thought to show evidence of instability. The evidence is discussed and is not thought to be strong; but it is suggested that it would be wise to replace 67/40 with a new preparation of human brain, both for this reason and because 67/40 is in a form (like Thrombotest) in which few workers seem to use human brain. A �plain� preparation would be more appropriate; and a freeze-dried sample of BCT is recommended as the successor preparation. The opportunity should be taken also to replace the corresponding ox and rabbit preparations. In the collaborative study which would be required it would then be desirable to test in parallel the three old and the three new preparations. The relative sensitivities of the old preparations could be compared with those found in earlier studies to obtain further evidence on the stability of 67/40; if stability were confirmed, the new preparations should be calibrated against it, but if not, the new human material should receive a calibration constant of 1.0 and the new ox and rabbit materials calibrated against that.The types of evidence available for monitoring the long-term stability of a thromboplastin are discussed.

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