Novel Approach for Tension Testing Micro Tubes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott W. Wagner ◽  
William J. Emblom ◽  
Kevin M. Johnson ◽  
Kahaan P. Shah ◽  
Navrose Handa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Tube Hydroforming ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
New Process ◽  
Tension Testing ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Book Values

Due to the miniaturization of products, new or modified processes are required to create small components. With the development of these new processes, it is also important to establish methods to evaluate the mechanical properties of the materials used in these components. These properties are necessary for accurately creating representative predictive models and simulations. At the same time, this evaluation can be challenging as sampling specimens become smaller the securing and handling of these smaller specimens becomes very difficult. Recently, researchers made studies to develop and model the micro tube hydroforming (MTHF) process. In many of these studies, the mechanical properties used were either traditional book values or were values obtained directly from the manufacturers. The question then becomes, how do the manufacturers determine their provided mechanical properties? The research in this study focuses on the development and testing of a new process to determine the mechanical properties of stainless steel micro tubes. Specifically, a set of clamps for securing a micro tube in a standard tension-testing machine were developed. A method for localizing the stress within the middle of a specimen was developed and the findings are presented in this paper.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Vacuum Sintered Austenitic Stainless Steel Parts

2010 ◽  
Vol 160-162 ◽  
pp. 915-920
Author(s):  
Shao Jiang Lin ◽  
Da Peng Feng ◽  
Qi Nian Shi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Tensile Testing Machine ◽  
Hardness Tester

This work presents the possibility of obtaining high density austenitic stainless steel parts by powder metallurgy (PM) and sintered in vacuum. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, yield stress, elongation rate and Vickers hardness were measured by using a tensile testing machine and a Vickers hardness tester at room temperature. Microstructural characterization was performed by means of optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of sintering temperature on densification and mechanical properties of PM austenitic stainless steel has been investigated. The results show that density and mechanical properties were increased with the increase of sintering temperature, but when the sintering temperature is above 1340 °C, they increased slowly. The highest mechanical properties were obtained when sintering temperature was 1340 °C.

scholarly journals Microstructure and mechanical properties of AISI 439 ferritic stainless steel welds without filler metal

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel Salgado López ◽  
Marc Preud homme ◽  
Francisco Lopez Monroy ◽  
Jose Luis Ojeda Elizarráraz ◽  
Arturo Toscano Giles
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Ferritic Stainless Steel ◽  
Filler Metal ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Thin Plates ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
Steel Welds

In literature, it has been reported that a current intensity lower than 120 A leads to a microstructure without grain growth in the heat affected zone (HAZ) of ferritic stainless steel welds. Nevertheless, in technical literature there is little information about the reduction in mechanical properties of ferritic stainless steel welds without filler metal due to grain growth in the HAZ. In this work, thin plates of ferritic stainless 439 steel were welded using pulse current gas tungsten arc welding (P-GTAW) without filler metal. The microstructures in the HAZ were analyzed and the mechanical properties on the welded joint were found by tensile test. This was carried out by cutting samples for the tensile test from the weldments and then tested in a universal testing machine. The fracture surface were observed using scanning electron microscope.

STUDY OF THE PHYSICOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF 08Kh18N10T STAINLESS STEEL PIPES EXPOSED TO ULTRASOUND UPON DRAWING

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
S, M. Nebogov ◽  
S. A. Evsyukov ◽  
S. N. Svidunovich ◽  
Y. Y. Maltsev ◽  
A. A. Sobranin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physicomechanical Properties ◽  
Ultra Sound ◽  
08Kh18n10t Steel ◽  
Steel Pipes

The drawing of pipes exposed to ultrasonic vibrations of radial type and their effect on the physical and mechanical properties of the pipe, as well as on the surface quality is studied. The ultrasonic unit with radial vibrations tested under production conditions is used to study the effect of ultrasound on the residual stresses present after drawing, surface roughness, as well as on the physical and mechanical properties and microdefects of 08Kh18N10T steel pipes. Defects and residual stresses before and after drawing under the effect of ultrasound were analyzed by the method of magnetic memory, using the stress concentration meter TSC-4M-16 with an eight-channel scanning device with four two-component sensors (Type 15). It is shown that the residual stresses decreased by more than two times under the effect of ultrasound. The surface roughness after drawing with ultrasound ranged within Ra = 0.087 - 0.092 µm. The physicomechanical properties were studied in tensile tests on an Instron tensile testing machine (SATEC Series). The yield stress qt was 551, the tensile strength qin — 672 MPa. It is shown that the effect of ultra-sound upon drawing pipes made of 08X18H10T stainless steel enhance their quality through reduction of the surface roughness and improved physicomechanical properties.

The Preparation and Mechanical Properties of a Pure Titanium-Based Matrix Composite Reinforced with Graphene Nanoplatelets

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-303
Author(s):  
Zai-Yu Zhang ◽  
Yi-Long Liang ◽  
Hong-Chuan Cao ◽  
Yong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Matrix Composite ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Graphene Nanoplatelets ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Dispersion Strengthening ◽  
Titanium Matrix ◽  
Vacuum Sintering ◽  
Materials Used

A lightweight titanium matrix composite material was fabricated by vacuum sintering using semi-powder metallurgy. The graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were used as a reinforcement for the titanium matrix composites. Fabricating the composite materials used three steps: dispersion, formation, and sintering. In particular, GNPs were dispersed by ionic liquid through a centrifugal testing machine instead of ball milling in the process. The better pressure for composite forming was 600 MPa. At the same time, the better sintering temperature and holding time were 1200 °C and 3 h. The influences of the GNP addition on the density, microstructure, and microhardness of the Ti/GNP composites were investigated. For the mechanical properties of the composites, we focused on the tensile strength with different GNP contents. The Ti 0.075 wt% and Ti 0.15 wt% GNP composites exhibited yield strengths of 850 and 948 MPa, which demonstrated 66% and 85% increase compared to those of extruded titanium materials with no GNP additive (512 MPa yield strength). The main strengthening mechanisms of Ti/GNP composites are grain refinement strengthening, thermal mismatch strengthening, and dispersion strengthening.

Effect of Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties of General Purpose Stainless Steel Archwire

2013 ◽  
Vol 746 ◽  
pp. 444-449
Author(s):  
Pornkiat Churnjitapirom ◽  
Aksarin Wasumetharatsamee ◽  
Surachai Dechkunakorn ◽  
Niwat Anuwongnukroh ◽  
Theeralaksna Suddhasthira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Offset Yield Strength ◽  
Bending Modulus ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Point Bend

Stainless steel has been used for orthodontic application and its properties have been continuously improved. The present study compares the mechanical properties of general purpose stainless steel archwire after heat treatment with commercial heat and non-heat treated stainless steel archwires (Highland, USA). The six parameters compared included: 1) maximum strength (MPa) 2) bending modulus (GPa) 3) bending stiffness (N/mm) 4) 0.1 offset bending force (N) 5) 0.2% offset yield strength (MPa) and 6) springback. The temperatures of heat treatment were 200°C, 250°C, 300°C and 350°C at various time duration of 10, 20 and 30 minutes. Fifteen specimens were used for each of the 12 temperature/time settings to evaluate each parameter. An Instron Universal Testing Machine was used for the three-point bend testing and the diameters were measured by a micrometer. Of all 12 settings it was found that for the condition, 300°C at 10 min and 300°C at 20 min the mechanical properties were closest to the commercial (Highland, heat-treated) stainless steel archwire and appropriate for used in clinic.

scholarly journals Three Palatal Arches Used to Correct Posterior Dental Crossbites

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1047-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Lima Martinelli ◽  
Priscilla Sobral Couto ◽  
Antonio Carlos Oliveira Ruellas
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Elasticity Modulus ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Stainless Steel Wire ◽  
Quad Helix ◽  
One Way Anova

Abstract Objective: To assess the force, resilience, and elasticity modulus produced by the Coffin appliance, “W” arch, and quad-helix made with 0.032-inch and 0.036-inch stainless steel wire. Materials and Methods: Two groups of 15 arches were made as Coffin appliances, two groups of 15 arches were made as “W” arches, and two groups of 15 arches were made as quad-helices. One group of each appliance was formed in 0.032-inch and one group in 0.036-inch stainless steel wire. All arches (6 groups of 15 each) were submitted to compression trials in the mechanical testing machine EMIC DL-10000, simulating 5-, 8-, 10-, and 12-mm activation. The force and resilience means received a one-way ANOVA statistical analysis. Results: The results showed that the mechanical properties depended on the shape of the appliance, the diameter of the wire used, and the amount of activation. Conclusions: The three appliances assessed produce appropriate forces for orthodontic treatment as long as they are correctly planned during clinical application.

Comparative Study of the Biomechanics of Materials Used in Stenting

2012 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 76-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelica Enkelhardt ◽  
Cristian Sorin Nes ◽  
Nicolae Faur
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Elastic Behavior ◽  
High Price ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
Chromium Alloys ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
High Flexibility

This paper presents a comparative bibliographic study of different materials with elevated biomechanical biocompatibility regarding the stent-blood vessel interaction. Only the materials used in coronary stents’ manufacturing are considered: stainless-steel (316L), Cobalt-Chromium alloys (CoCrMo, CoNiCrMo), Nickel-Titanium alloys (Nitinol), Tantalum. The main characteristics that result from the stress-strain curve of each material are presented, as well as the biocompatibility and durability. The stainless-steel has good mechanical properties, excellent biocompatibility and low price. Cobalt-Chromium alloys have excellent mechanical properties, excellent biocompatibility, acceptable shape memory properties, but high density and low flexibility. The Nitinol represents the best choice, with excellent mechanical properties, excellent biocompatibility, good corrosion resistance, high flexibility (super-elastic behavior), low density, but high price. Tantalum alloys present the best biocompatibility and high flexibility, but the mechanical properties are relative modest.

Comparison of Loading and Unloading Behavior of Commercial and Locally Made Copper-Nickle-Titanium (NiTiCu) Orthodontic Archwire

2013 ◽  
Vol 746 ◽  
pp. 308-314
Author(s):  
V. Puranitee ◽  
Surachai Dechkunakorn ◽  
N. Anuwongnukroh ◽  
A. Khantachawana ◽  
A. Phukaoluan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Stress Plateau ◽  
Percentage Recovery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Loading And Unloading ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Stress Hysteresis

Background: Copper-nickel-titanium (NiTiCu) archwire has been favoured in clinical orthodontic practice because of its superior superelasticity (SE) and shape memory effect (SME) properties. Objective: To compare the loading and unloading behavior of commercial NiTiCu orthodontic archwire and locally made NiTiCu orthodontic archwire based on composition and mechanical properties especially in relation to percentage recovery, stress plateau, stress hysteresis, and loading and unloading slope. Materials and Methods: The materials used were divided into two categories: the NiTiCu (40°C) commercial Ormco brand (USA) archwires and the locally made NiTiCu archwires produced at King Mongkut University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT). The samples were examined using an Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA) to test their chemical composition. For loading and unloading behavior the Universal Testing Machine (Instron) was used for the three-point bending test. The Mann-Whitney U test was employed to analyze and compare the data. Results: Chemical composition, there were significant differences in at.% of Ni, Ti, and Cr composition between commercial and locally made archwire. There was no significant difference in at.% in Cu. In terms of percentage recovery, there was a significant decrease in locally made archwire. For stress plateau and stress hysteresis, there were also significant increases in Thai-made archwire when compared with commercial archwires. In addition NiTiCu (Ormco) showed significantly less inclination than locally made NiTiCu archwire in both loading and unloading slopes. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the mechanical properties of the locally made archwires were not as suitable as the commercial archwires. This preliminary study provides useful information for the further development of locally made NiTiCu archwires. Therefore, the use of the NiTiCu should be considered on a case by case basis. This experiment was useful in comparing locally made NiTiCu wire and commercial orthodontic wire.

scholarly journals Mechanical properties and surface characterization of translucent composite wire following topical fluoride treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaza M. Hammad ◽  
Essam E. Al-Wakeel ◽  
El-Sayed Gad
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Composite Wire ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Fluoride Treatment ◽  
Topical Fluoride

Abstract Objective: To determine the effects of a fluoride prophylactic agent on the mechanical properties and surface quality of a preformed round translucent composite archwire while comparing it with nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) and multistranded stainless steel wires. Materials and Methods: The wires were immersed in an acidulated phosphate fluoride solution (APF) or in distilled water (control) for 1.5 hours at 37°C. Flexural modulus of elasticity (E) and yield strength (YS) of the wires were measured using a three-point bending test in a universal testing machine. The springback ratio (YS/E) was calculated for each wire. The influence of fluoride treatment on properties of the wires was statistically analyzed using Student's t-test at α  =  .05. Surface changes were observed with a scanning electron microscope. Results: Fluoride treatment produced a statistically significant reduction in E, YS, and YS/E of the composite wire (P < .05). In addition, a significant decrease in E of Ni-Ti wire was found after exposure to fluoride, upon comparison with distilled water control treatment. On the other hand, no significant effect of fluoride treatment was found on YS and YS/E of Ni-Ti wire and on studied properties of the multistranded stainless steel wire (P > .05). Corrosive changes in surface topography were observed after exposure to the fluoride agent and were more pronounced with the composite wire. Conclusions: These results suggest that using a topical fluoride agent with translucent composite wire could decrease the mechanical properties and might damage the surface of the wire, potentially contributing to prolonged orthodontic treatment.

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