BTIPS vs TRIZ: Comparison of the Approaches to the Teaching, Research and Practice of Conceptual Design

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew M. Bzymek
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Axiomatic Design ◽  
Ideal Solution ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
System Components ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
General Search ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Ideal

Two problem-solving methods are compared in this paper: BTIPS (Brief Theory of Inventive Problem Solving) and TRIZ (Teoriya Resheniya Isobratitielskich Zadatsh). BTIPS was derived from TRIZ and TIPS (Theory of Inventive Problem Solving). BTIPS is shorter than TRIZ as a procedure but at the same time is enriched in its contents. The general search for the Ideal Solution using BTIPS is simple and straight-forward. In BTIPS some new principles, features, effects and system components — that do not exist in TRIZ and TIPS — have been introduced. BTIPS also recommends the Axiomatic Design tests for the End Solution. This paper compares the two systems on the basis of opinions gathered through teaching and consulting practice. The application of the BTIPS method starts with a problem that has to be properly separated from the environment. The problem-solving approach presented in this paper includes a sequence of steps, definition of contradictions, a choice of solution modules, algorithms, and definitions of designed systems and subsystems. Recommendations for the proper search for the End Solution are given. The tests of an Ideal Solution’s effectiveness and economy are also suggested. Application examples and references to problem-solving practice are also given.

The Brief Theory of Inventive Problem Solving: Practicality of Software Support

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew M. Bzymek ◽  
Teresa Lally
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Ideal Solution ◽  
Software Support ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Virtual Element ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Ideal

The ongoing challenge of research in Engineering Design is to develop a tool that can support the most difficult phase: solving problems with contradictions. The Brief Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (BTIPS) is a prospective method for performing such a task. Derived from TRIZ, TSIP, and TIPS, BTIPS differs from those methods. The Principles, Effects and Prediction modules in BTIPS are enhanced to meet the newest challenges of technology, engineering practice and pedagogy. New principles were also added to BTIPS and technological effects were enriched with new developments based on nanotechnology and biotechnology. In addition the Virtual Element procedure approach was added. The tests of functions’ separation are also the new additions. This paper includes the results of research done on the effectiveness of software that could support BTIPS in the individual studies that include applications of the available computer programs. The advantages of using BTIPS with supporting software, such as Invention Machine™, TechOptimizer™, and Goldfire™, are pointed out. Some examples are given, but others could not be discussed because of the licensing constraints. The software, if it is used during the solving process, could speed up the search for the Ideal Solution and make BTIPS even more effective in education, and even in research, and practice.

A Conceptual Design Approach Generated by Integrating AD and TRIZ into the Conceptual Design Phase of SAPB

2010 ◽  
Vol 118-120 ◽  
pp. 977-981
Author(s):  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
De Zhi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Axiomatic Design ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Independence Axiom ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Conceptual Design Phase

This paper analyzes the advantages and shortages of Systematic Approach of Pahl and Beitz (SAPB), Axiomatic Design (AD) and Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ), and explores the possibilities of integration of complementary advantages as well. Integrate the Independence Axiom from AD and the principles of resolving contradictions into the conceptual design phase of SAPB, and at last, generate an approach of conceptual design.

scholarly journals Funding Charities Through Tax Law: When Should a Donation Qualify for Donation Incentives?

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Parachin
Keyword(s):  
Tax Policy ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Recent Attempt ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Ideal Solution ◽  
Charitable Donation ◽  
Charitable Donations ◽  
Income Tax Law ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Ideal

ABSTRACTCanadian income tax law provides incentives for taxpayers to make charitable donations. Since only those donations to charities qualifying as charitable “gifts” are eligible for donation incentives, the definition of gift bodes significant revenue implications for charities and government alike. The Income Tax Act does not, however, define the term gift. The tests applied by courts and regulators to identify gifts in the absence of a statutory definition are contradictory, unnecessarily restrictive, and inconsistent with the tax policy behind donation incentives. The recent attempt to improve the law through the proposed “split-receipting” rules has achieved little in the way of meaningful reform. The ideal solution is to adopt a statutory definition of “charitable donation” that will both broaden and clarify the range of eligible donations.RÉSUMÉLa loi canadienne de l’impôt sur le revenu prévoit des incitatifs visant à encourager les contribuables à faire des dons. Étant donné que seuls les dons faits aux oeuvres de bienfaisance qui se qualifient en tant que « dons » de bienfaisance peuvent donner droit à ces incitatifs, la définition du terme « don » est porteuse d’importantes répercussions fiscales, tant pour les organisations caritatives que pour le gouvernement. Toutefois, la Loi de l’impôt sur le revenu ne définit pas le terme « don ». Les critères appliqués par les cours et les autorités de réglementation pour identifier ce qui constitue un don, en l’absence d’une définition établie par la loi, sont contradictoires, inutilement restrictives et incohérentes avec la politique fiscale concernant les incitatifs accordés au titre des dons de bienfaisance. La récente tentative d’améliorer la loi avec les règles proposées sur le fractionnement des reçus n’a eu que peu de résultats pour mener à une réforme significative. La solution idéale est d’adopter une définition législative du terme « don » qui permettrait d’élargir et de clarifier la portée des dons admissibles.

Creativity, Intelligence, and Problem Solving: a Definition and Design for Cross-Cultural Research and Measurement Related to Giftedness

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. June Maker
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
Definition Of

A new definition of giftedness is proposed based on a review of the constructs of intelligence, creativity, and problem solving. A research design employed in a series of studies of giftedness in children and adults is presented, along with a summary of important results. Finally, implications of the design for both research and practice are outlined.

ANALYSIS OF NARRATIVE MATHEMATICAL QUESTIONS ON TEXTBOOKS BASED ON SOLO TAXONOMY AND MATHEMATICAL POWER

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Imam Kusmaryono
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
Mathematical Representation ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Mathematics Textbooks ◽  
Solo Taxonomy ◽  
Research Procedure ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
The Ideal

This study aimed to identify the proportion of diversity and suitability of narrative mathematical questions with SOLO taxonomy level and mathematical power ability. The research was conducted through quantitative descriptive. Sources of data in the forms of narrations contained in mathematics textbooks. The research procedure was conducted by making the classification and determining the percentage of the narrations based on the compatibility of SOLO taxonomy and the mathematical power ability. The results showed that, the narrative mathematical questions with uni-structural level are of 7.5%, multi-structural of 33.8%, relational of 46.6% and extended abstract of 12.1 %. In terms of compatibility of the narrative  questions were able to measure 23% reasoning aspect, 18% problem solving, 8.3% connection, 28% communication and 22.6% mathematical representation. In general, mathematics textbooks as the object of research should be revised, since they have not yet achieved the ideal alignment between SOLO taxonomy based on grade level and the objective of learning develop mathematical power

Reactions in solution

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Sherwood ◽  
Paul Dalby
Keyword(s):  
Phase Equilibria ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Equilibrium Mixture ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Ideal Solution ◽  
Coupled Reactions ◽  
Definition Of

Another key chapter, examining reactions in solution. Starting with the definition of an ideal solution, and then introducing Raoult’s law and Henry’s law, this chapter then draws on the results of Chapter 14 (gas phase equilibria) to derive the corresponding results for equilibria in an ideal solution. A unique feature of this chapter is the analysis of coupled reactions, once again using first principles to show how the coupling of an endergonic reaction to a suitable exergonic reaction results in an equilibrium mixture in which the products of the endergonic reaction are present in much higher quantity. This demonstrates how coupled reactions can cause entropy-reducing events to take place without breaking the Second Law, so setting the scene for the future chapters on applications of thermodynamics to the life sciences, especially chapter 24 on bioenergetics.

scholarly journals A Risk-Based Approach to Assess the Operational Resilience of Transmission Grids

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 4761
Author(s):  
Milorad Papic ◽  
Svetlana Ekisheva ◽  
Eduardo Cotilla-Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
North American ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Energy Delivery ◽  
The North ◽  
System Components ◽  
Bulk Power ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Modern risk analysis studies of the power system increasingly rely on big datasets, either synthesized, simulated, or real utility data. Particularly in the transmission system, outage events have a strong influence on the reliability, resilience, and security of the overall energy delivery infrastructure. In this paper we analyze historical outage data for transmission system components and discuss the implications of nearby overlapping outages with respect to resilience of the power system. We carry out a risk-based assessment using North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) Transmission Availability Data System (TADS) for the North American bulk power system (BPS). We found that the quantification of nearby unscheduled outage clusters would improve the response times for operators to readjust the system and provide better resilience still under the standard definition of N-1 security. Finally, we propose future steps to investigate the relationship between clusters of outages and their electrical proximity, in order to improve operator actions in the operation horizon.

scholarly journals Malmquist Productivity Index by Extended VIKOR Method Using Interval Numbers

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Fallah ◽  
Amir Mohajeri ◽  
Esmaeil Najafi
Keyword(s):  
Multicriteria Decision Making ◽  
Malmquist Productivity Index ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Ideal Solution ◽  
Vikor Method ◽  
Decision Matrix ◽  
Interval Numbers ◽  
Productivity Rate ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Ideal

The VIKOR method was developed for multicriteria optimization of complex systems. It determines the compromise ranking list and the compromise solution obtained with the given weights. This method focuses on ranking and selecting from a set of alternatives in the presence of conflicting criteria. Here, the VIKOR method is used for two timestandt+1. In order to calculate the progress or regression via Malmquist productivity index, the positive and negative ideals at timestandt+1are calculated first. Then we introduce the multi-criteria ranking index based on the particular measure of “closeness” to the ideal solution and calculate the separation of each alternative from the ideal solution at timestandt+1. Then we use the Malmquist productivity index to calculate the progress or regression of all alternatives. In this paper, productivity of alternatives available in decision matrix with interval numbers and their improvement or deterioration is researched. To achieve this practical goal, use of extended VIKOR is made to calculate Malmquist productivity index for multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) problem with interval numbers, and by applying Malmquist productivity index, productivity rate of growth for alternatives is calculated. Finally, a numerical example illustrates and clarifies the main results developed in this paper.

Making sense of sensemaking: using the sensemaking epistemic game to investigate student discourse during a collaborative gas law activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin H. Hunter ◽  
Jon-Marc G. Rodriguez ◽  
Nicole M. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Ideal Gas ◽  
Interactive Simulation ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Student Discourse ◽  
Coding Scheme ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Ideal Gas Law ◽  
The Ideal

Beyond students’ ability to manipulate variables and solve problems, chemistry instructors are also interested in students developing a deeper conceptual understanding of chemistry, that is, engaging in the process of sensemaking. The concept of sensemaking transcends problem-solving and focuses on students recognizing a gap in knowledge and working to construct an explanation that resolves this gap, leading them to “make sense” of a concept. Here, we focus on adapting and applying sensemaking as a framework to analyze three groups of students working through a collaborative gas law activity. The activity was designed around the learning cycle to aid students in constructing the ideal gas law using an interactive simulation. For this analysis, we characterized student discourse using the structural components of the sensemaking epistemic game using a deductive coding scheme. Next, we further analyzed students’ epistemic form by assessing features of the activity and student discourse related to sensemaking: whether the question was framed in a real-world context, the extent of student engagement in robust explanation building, and analysis of written scientific explanations. Our work provides further insight regarding the application and use of the sensemaking framework for analyzing students’ problem solving by providing a framework for inferring the depth with which students engage in the process of sensemaking.

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