Optimizing Cutting Planes for Advanced Joining and Additive Manufacturing

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Massoni ◽  
Matthew I. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Cutting Planes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Optimal Separation ◽  
Complex Shapes ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Manufacturing Alternatives

While additive manufacturing allows more complex shapes than conventional manufacturing processes, there is a clear benefit in leveraging both new and old processes in the definition of new parts. For example, one could create complex part shapes where the main “body” is defined by extrusion and machining, while small protruding features are defined by additive manufacturing. This paper looks at how optimization and geometric reasoning can be combined to identify optimal separation planes within a complex three-dimensional shapes. These separations indicate the joining processes in reverse. The optimization method presents possible manufacturing alternatives to an engineering designer where optimality is defined as a minimization of cost. The process identifies the cutting planes as well as the combination of processes required to join the individual parts together. The paper presents several examples of complex shapes and describes how the optimization finds the optimal results.

Optimizing Cutting Planes for Advanced Joining and Additive Manufacturing

2017 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Massoni ◽  
Matthew I. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Cutting Planes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Complex Part ◽  
Complex Shapes ◽  
Linear Friction ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Manufacturing Alternatives

While additive manufacturing allows more complex shapes than conventional manufacturing processes, there is a clear benefit in leveraging both new and old processes in the definition of metal parts. For example, one could create complex part shapes where the main “body” is defined by extrusion and machining, while small protruding features are defined by additive manufacturing. This paper looks at how optimization and geometric reasoning can be combined to identify cutting planes within complex three-dimensional (3D) shapes. These cutting planes are used to divide realistic mechanical parts into subparts that can be joined together through additive manufacturing or linear friction welding (LFW). The optimization method presents possible manufacturing alternatives to an engineering designer where optimality is defined as a minimization of cost. The paper presents and compares several cutting planes identification methods and describes how the optimization finds the optimal results for several example parts.

Shape-driven control of layer height in robotic wire and arc additive manufacturing

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1637-1646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohao Xu ◽  
Xiaodong Tan ◽  
Xizhi Gu ◽  
Donghong Ding ◽  
Yuelin Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Deposition Rate ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Layer Height ◽  
Layer Deposition ◽  
Complex Shapes ◽  
The Difference

Purpose Once an uneven substrate is aligned, traditional control theories and methods can be used on it, so aligning is of great significance for the development of wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). This paper aims to propose a shape-driven control method for aligning a substrate with slopes to expand the application of WAAM. Design/methodology/approach A substrate with slopes must be aligned by depositing weld beads with slopes. First, considering the large height differences of slopes, multi-layer deposition is needed, and the number of layer of weld beads must be ascertained. Second, the change in the deposition rate is controlled as a ramp function to generate weld beads with slopes. Third, the variation of the deposition rate must be fine-tuned to compensate for the deviation between the actual and theoretical layer heights at the deposition of each layer. Finally, the parameters of the ramp functions at the deposition of each layer are determined through an optimization method. Findings First, to model the response function of layer height to deposition rate, the experiments are conducted with the deposition rate jumping from 4 to 8 mm/s and from 8 to 4 mm/s. When the deposition rate jumps from 4 to 8 mm/s and from 8 to 4 mm/s, the difference in the height of each layer decreases as the number of layer increases. Second, the variation of the deposition rate can be fine-tuned based on the deviation between the measured and theoretical layer heights because the variation of the deposition rate is proportional to the layer height when the initial and end deposition rates are near 4 or 8 mm/s, respectively. Third, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective for single-layer aligning and aligning a substrate with one or more slopes. Originality/value The proposed method can expand the application of WAAM to an uneven substrate with slopes and lays the foundation for aligning tasks focused on uneven substrates with more complex shapes.

scholarly journals Dirac operators with Lorentz scalar shell interactions

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (05) ◽  
pp. 1850013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Holzmann ◽  
Thomas Ourmières-Bonafos ◽  
Konstantin Pankrashkin
Keyword(s):  
Dirac Operator ◽  
Spectral Properties ◽  
Smooth Surface ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Self ◽  
Eigenvalue Asymptotics ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Lorentz Scalar ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

This paper deals with the massive three-dimensional Dirac operator coupled with a Lorentz scalar shell interaction supported on a compact smooth surface. The rigorous definition of the operator involves suitable transmission conditions along the surface. After showing the self-adjointness of the resulting operator, we switch to the investigation of its spectral properties, in particular, to the existence and non-existence of eigenvalues. In the case of an attractive coupling, we study the eigenvalue asymptotics as the mass becomes large and show that the behavior of the individual eigenvalues and their total number are governed by an effective Schrödinger operator on the boundary with an external Yang–Mills potential and a curvature-induced potential.

scholarly journals Global X-tream Index and its Partial Parameters for Identifying the Level of Potential Individual Characteristics in the Challenging Conditions of a Modern Corporate and Security Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3325 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ullrich ◽  
Jiří Koleňák ◽  
Eva Ambrozová ◽  
Vratislav Pokorný ◽  
František Milichovský
Keyword(s):  
Readiness To Change ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Personality Dimension ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
Professional Managers ◽  
Personal Fitness ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

The contribution of this paper focuses on identifying the personality potential and sources of professional managers that are crucial for the effective management of challenging situations. The contribution introduces the current knowledge of connatural management (CNM) as part of cognitive management, which were identified as key multi-parametric dimensions of personal fitness. The individual dimensions represent the indicators of the quality of an individual’s condition. The first one is the personality dimension, which provides information about individual integrity, situational settings, ambition, the tendency of an individual toward risk, and readiness to change. Second, the mental–cognitive dimension relates to the individual’s potential for critical, creative, and systemic thinking. It conveys information about the ability to accept a change and proactively adapt to its consequences. Lastly, the psycho-physical dimension concerns the interaction of physical and mental processes, states, and phenomena. The main objective of the research was to determine the Global X-tream index, which is applicable for the prompt identification of the qualities of human resources for a specific corporate HR system. The study consisted of 236 respondents, who graduated and successfully completed special courses with applied X-tream methodology. It enables the creation of conditions that enable detecting and evaluating the above-mentioned basic three-dimensional and multi-parametric indicators related to the performance of individuals in a corporate environment. The paper introduces the individual indices, which were used as a basis for the definition of the global X-tream index.

scholarly journals Toward the integration of lattice structure-based topology optimization and additive manufacturing for the design of turbomachinery components

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 168781401985978
Author(s):  
Enrico Boccini ◽  
Rocco Furferi ◽  
Lapo Governi ◽  
Enrico Meli ◽  
Alessandro Ridolfi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Lattice Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Lattice Structures ◽  
Stiffness Properties ◽  
Maximum Stiffness ◽  
Layer Manufacturing ◽  
Innovative Materials

Used in several industrial fields to create innovative designs, topology optimization is a method to design a structure characterized by maximum stiffness properties and reduced weights. By integrating topology optimization with additive layer manufacturing and, at the same time, by using innovative materials such as lattice structures, it is possible to realize complex three-dimensional geometries unthinkable using traditional subtractive techniques. Surprisingly, the extraordinary potential of topology optimization method (especially when coupled with additive manufacturing and lattice structures) has not yet been extensively developed to study rotating machines. Based on the above considerations, the applicability of topology optimization, additive manufacturing, and lattice structures to the fields of turbomachinery and rotordynamics is here explored. Such techniques are applied to a turbine disk to optimize its performance in terms of resonance and mass reduction. The obtained results are quite encouraging since this approach allows improving existing turbomachinery components’ performance when compared with traditional one.

scholarly journals Design for Additive Manufacturing and Advanced Development Methods Applied to an Innovative Multifunctional Fan

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-85
Author(s):  
Leonardo Frizziero ◽  
Giampiero Donnici ◽  
Alfredo Liverani ◽  
Karim Dhaimini
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Quality Function Deployment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Business Success ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Definition Of

In an increasingly competitive business world, the “time to market” of products has become a key factor for business success. There are different techniques that anticipate design mistakes and launch products on the market in less time. Among the most used methodologies in the design and definition of the requirements, quality function deployment (QFD) and design for Six Sigma (DFSS) can be used. In the prototyping phase, it is possible to address the emerging technology of additive manufacturing. Today, three-dimensional printing is already used as a rapid prototyping technique. However, the real challenge that industry is facing is the use of these machineries for large-scale production of parts, now possible with new HP multi-fusion. The aim of this article is to study the entire product development process taking advantage of the most modern models and technologies for the final realization of a case study that involves the design and prototyping of an innovative multifunctional fan (lamp, aroma diffuser and fan) through the Multi Jet Fusion of HP. To begin with, issues related to the DFSS, the QFD and their application to identify the fan requirements are explored. Once the requirements have been defined, the modern CAD design systems and the CAE systems for the validation of the case study will be analyzed and applied. Finally, HP's Multi Jet Fusion methodology and design rules for additive manufacturing will be analyzed in detail, trying to exploit all the positive aspects it offers.

scholarly journals Fused-Deposition-Material 3D-Printing Procedure and Algorithm Avoiding Use of Any Supports

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 470
Author(s):  
Gianluca Barile ◽  
Alfiero Leoni ◽  
Mirco Muttillo ◽  
Romina Paolucci ◽  
Gianfranco Fazzini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Complex Shapes ◽  
Manufacturing Environments ◽  
Dimensional Printing ◽  
Printing Time ◽  
Supporting Structures

The three-dimensional printing of complex shapes without using supporting structures is the most attractive factor of merit in current additive manufacturing because it allows to drastically reduce printing time, and ideally nullify postprocessing and waste material. In this work, we present an innovative procedure and algorithm (Print on Air, PoA) for additive manufacturing that, relying on sensing systems embedded into the three-dimensional (3D) printer (e.g., temperature and speed sensors), aims at generating a printing sequence capable of a self-sustaining bridge and overhang structures. This feature was achieved by splitting the actual floating area of the layer where the aforementioned structures are in many subsections. Each is generated with a negligible floating surface and printed in a well-determined sequence with accurate temperature and speed profiles. Therefore, each subsection is formed without the need for scaffolding, simultaneously acting as a supporting structure for the following subsection. The array of subsections constitutes the actual bridge or overhang structure. The proposed method can be used for any object, including very long bridges or convex surfaces. The revolutionary method is here reported and evaluated in order to show its applicability in any condition. Although the study was conducted in a Fused Deposition Material (FDM) environment, it can certainly be adapted to other manufacturing environments with adequate modifications.

Classification of copyrighted objects

2021 ◽  
pp. 126-132
Author(s):  
Iryna Malinovska
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Original Work ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Creative Contribution ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
At Will

Formulation of the problem. The article is devoted to the classification of copyright objects. Researchers' views on the division of different works into relevant types and groups are analyzed. It is emphasized that copyright objects are in constant dynamics, due to globalization, development of scientific and technological progress, social networks. Recent research on the topic. The characteristics of copyright objects were addressed by the same researchers as O.E. Abramov, I.I. Vishchynets, O.V. Zhilinkova. O.O. Odintsova. O.O. Shtefan, R.B. Shishka, N.E. Yarkina. M.M. Yasharova, etc. Despite their contribution to the development of the concept of the object of copyright, an updated study of the classification of copyrighted objects by them is not offered in full. The purpose. To investigate and analyse the characteristics and features of copyrighted objects, to distinguish their common and distinctive features that are important for the classification of copyrighted objects. Article’s main body. It was established that for the objects of copyright remains unchanged what they are: should be the result of human creative activity; have novelty, originality, as inherent properties of creativity; characterized by fixation, which at the same time should be static, which complicates further changes to the object; free from the structure of the content, which can be varied in its content; objects regardless of the fact of publication. It is noted that there are changes in the legislation of Ukraine on expanding the list of copyright objects. Separately, the issue of original and derivative works was investigated. Certain feature of composite works. It is noted that the definition of the original work and its inherent features in the Law is important in terms of ensuring a unified systematic approach to law enforcement activities for both derivative works and part (title) of the work. On the basis of the above proposed the following classification of copyright objects: depending on the creative nature of the work, copyright objects may be divided into: original (created exclusively in the form of personal creative contribution of the author) and derivative works (creativity consists in searching, combining the creative achievements of other authors); in the objective form of expression: oral, written, electronic, three-dimensional; according to the criterion of the internal content of the work: simple (covering structurally one object) and complex (may consist of different objects of copyright); depending on the characteristics of the processing of the original work: objects of holistic processing of works and objects of partial processing (processing of excerpts of various works); depending on the nature of financial support, copyright objects may be divided into: objects created on the basis of state order, created on the basis of private orders or financed personally by the author at will; depending on the possibility of distinguishing homogeneous elements of the work into: dividing and indivisible works.

A Strategy for Multi-Point Shape Optimization of Turbine Stages in Three-Dimensional Flow

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Arabnia ◽  
Wahid Ghaly
Keyword(s):  
Shape Optimization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Secondary Flows ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Streamwise Vorticity ◽  
Three Dimensional Flow ◽  
Dimensional Flow ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
The Individual

This paper presents an effective and practical shape optimization strategy for turbine stages so as to minimize the adverse effects of three-dimensional flow features on the turbine performance. The optimization method combines a genetic algorithm (GA), with a Response Surface Approximation (RSA) of the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) type. During the optimization process, the individual objectives and constraints are approximated using ANN that is trained and tested using a few three-dimensional CFD flow simulations; the latter are obtained using the commercial package Fluent. The optimization objective is a weighted sum of individual objectives such as isentropic efficiency, streamwise vorticity and is penalized with a number of constraints. To minimize three-dimensional effects, the stator and rotor stacking curves are taken as the design variable. They are parametrically represented using a quadratic rational Bezier curve (QRBC) whose parameters are related to the blade lean, sweep and bow, which are used as the design variables. The described strategy was applied to single and multipoint optimization of the E/TU-3 turbine stage. This optimization strategy proved to be successful, flexible and practical, and resulted in an improvement of around 1% in stage efficiency over the turbine operating range with as low as 5 design variables. This improvement is attributed to the reduction in secondary flows, in stator hub choking, and in the transonic region and the associated flow separation.

Semi-automated methods for 3-D reconstruction of macromolecular complexes

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 42-43
Author(s):  
B. Carragher ◽  
M. Whittaker
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Macromolecular Complexes ◽  
Symmetry Properties ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Experienced Operator ◽  
Projection Images ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Natural Symmetry

Techniques for three-dimensional reconstruction of macromolecular complexes from electron micrographs have been successfully used for many years. These include methods which take advantage of the natural symmetry properties of the structure (for example helical or icosahedral) as well as those that use single axis or other tilting geometries to reconstruct from a set of projection images. These techniques have traditionally relied on a very experienced operator to manually perform the often numerous and time consuming steps required to obtain the final reconstruction. While the guidance and oversight of an experienced and critical operator will always be an essential component of these techniques, recent advances in computer technology, microprocessor controlled microscopes and the availability of high quality CCD cameras have provided the means to automate many of the individual steps.During the acquisition of data automation provides benefits not only in terms of convenience and time saving but also in circumstances where manual procedures limit the quality of the final reconstruction.

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