scholarly journals Knee Internal Forces in Moderate Squat Exercise

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dumitru I. Caruntu ◽  
Jose Mario Salinas
Keyword(s):  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Lateral Collateral Ligament ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Collateral Ligament ◽  
Squat Exercise ◽  
Internal Forces ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Nonlinear Elastic

This paper deals with internal forces of human knee during moderate squat exercise. The moderate squat exercise consists of a descending phase from standing to the lowest position (largest flexion angle) in which no significant contact between thigh and calf occurs, and an ascending phase back to standing position. This research predicts the internal forces such as muscle forces, contact forces, and ligamentous forces. The ligamentous structures in this research consist of Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL), Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL), Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL), and Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL). The ligaments are modeled as nonlinear elastic strips (they do not carry compression forces). An optimization technique was used to determine the muscle and contact forces present in the knee during the squat exercise.

scholarly journals Imaging Findings of Knee Trauma on Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
Poonam Ohri ◽  
Shreeji Goya ◽  
Niveditha C ◽  
Manasi Kohli
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Lateral Collateral Ligament ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Collateral Ligament ◽  
Imaging Evaluation ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Background: Knee is one of the major joints involved in kinesis. With increasing involvement in sports related activities especially in young people, Trauma related knee pathologies have increased. An accurate diagnosis regarding the type and extent of injuries is essential for early operative as well as non-operative treatment. Methods:This prospective study included total of 82 cases. The patients were referred to the department of Radiodiagnosis from indoor and outdoor departments of Guru Nanak Dev Hospital, Amritsar with suspicion of internal derangement of the knee and with history of knee trauma.Results:The most common age group involved was young males between 15-34 years. In all age groups most of the patients were males. Most common ligament to be injured was Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL). Partial tears were more common than complete tears. Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) tears were less common. Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) tears outnumbered Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) tears and grade 2 tears were more common in both. Among the meniscal injuries Medial Meniscus (MM) tears were more common than LM and grade 3 signal was more common in both. Most of the patellar retinaculum injuries were associated with Anterior Cruciate Ligament ACL tears.Conclusions:Post-traumatic pre-arthroscopic MR imaging evaluation has proved to be cost-effective. MRI is an accurate imaging modality complementing the clinical evaluation and providing a global intra-articular and extra-articular assessment of the knee.

Radiological Identification of Injury to the Kaplan Fibers of the Iliotibial Band in Association With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 2213-2220
Author(s):  
Lachlan M. Batty ◽  
Jerome Murgier ◽  
Julian A. Feller ◽  
Richard O’Sullivan ◽  
Kate E. Webster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Lateral Collateral Ligament ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Iliotibial Band ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Collateral Ligament ◽  
Tibial Bone ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Background: Recent biomechanical studies have demonstrated that the Kaplan fibers (KFs) of the iliotibial band play a role in the control of anterolateral rotation of the knee. However, controversy exists regarding whether the KFs are injured in conjunction with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Purpose: To establish the prevalence of radiological injury to the KFs in the ACL-injured knee; to evaluate the effect of the time interval between injury and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on diagnosis of KF injury; and to assess for any association between KF injury and other qualitative radiological findings. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Preoperative MRI scans were reviewed for 161 patients with ACL injury. Specific diagnostic criteria were developed and applied to identify KF injury. Chi-square testing was performed to look for associations among KF injury, the time from injury to MRI, and associated radiological knee injuries. Results: Radiological evidence of KF injury was identified in 30 (18.6%) patients. The diagnosis of KF injury was higher in patients who had MRI scans performed within 90 days of injury as compared with ≥90 days after injury (23.7 vs 6.4%; P = .010). Patients with an MRI diagnosis of KF injury had significantly higher rates of lateral meniscal injury (40% vs 18%; P = .007), posteromedial tibial bone marrow edema (73% vs 44%; P = .003), and injury to the lateral collateral ligament (13% vs 3%; P = .019) or medial collateral ligament (23% vs 8%; P = .019). Conclusion: The prevalence of injury to the KF in patients with ACL injury as diagnosed by MRI was relatively low (18.6% of patients). However, the time interval from injury to MRI was relevant to diagnosis, with significantly higher rates of injury identification in patients with early (within 90 days) versus delayed (≥90 days) MRI. KF injury was associated with higher rates of injury to the lateral meniscal and collateral ligaments, as well as posteromedial tibial bone bruising.

Incidence of Associated Knee Lesions with Torn Anterior Cruciate Ligament: Retrospective Cohort Assessment

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Arangio ◽  
Edward W. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Medial Collateral Ligament ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Lateral Meniscus ◽  
Lateral Collateral Ligament ◽  
Collateral Ligament ◽  
Posterior Oblique Ligament ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries ◽  
Arcuate Ligament ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

The records of 141 consecutive patients with confirmed complete anterior cruciate ligament injuries were reviewed retrospectively. One hundred and sixty-two associated injuries were divided into 25 injury complexes. Isolated injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament occurred in 40 cases (28.4%). Injuries of the medial meniscus occurred in 62 cases (38.2%), while injuries of the lateral meniscus occurred in 37 cases (22.8%). Injuries to the medial collateral ligament complex occurred in 42 cases (25.9%). Injuries to the lateral collateral ligament, posterior deep popliteus-arcuate ligament complex, and posterior cruciate ligament were found to be positively correlated (rho = .81, p = .001, and rho = .77, p = .001, N = 141, respectively). Injuries to the medial collateral ligament and the posterior oblique ligament were likewise positively correlated (rho = .45, p = .001, N = 141).

scholarly journals Traumatic Dislocation of the Knee Unsuitable for the Reconstruction of Ligamentous Injuries Because of Vascular Injury: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ukai T ◽  
◽  
Kosuke H ◽  
Watanabe M ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Popliteal Artery ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Lateral Collateral Ligament ◽  
Knee Dislocation ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Collateral Ligament ◽  
Traumatic Dislocation ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
The Right

Traumatic dislocation of the knee is rare, but often requires surgical intervention because complications frequently occur, including various ligamentous injuries. In this study, we report a case of knee dislocation with ligamentous injuries and injury to the popliteal artery. The patient was a 32-year-old man. He fell while bouldering and was diagnosed with dislocation of the right knee and multiple ligamentous injuries. Upon examination, we found that his right dorsal foot was numb, and the dorsal artery of the right foot was not palpable. His right leg felt cold compared to the other leg. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, and lateral collateral ligament. Computed tomography revealed that the patient’s right popliteal artery was partially obstructed. We planned to reconstruct the injured ligaments. Prior to the surgery, the radiologist performed angiography, and the patient’s popliteal artery became completely obstructed during angiography; therefore, revascularization was performed immediately. Although the blood flow in the right leg recovered, it remained cold, and we did not reconstruct the ligamentous injuries. Knee dislocation requiring revascularization is quite rare. However, it causes severe dysfunction of the knee. Thus, meticulous and frequent evaluation of vascular injuries is necessary for the treatment of knee dislocation.

Design and Development of an Instrumented Knee Joint for Quantifying Ligament Displacements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Cui ◽  
Brody Dale ◽  
Garry Allison ◽  
Min Li
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Lateral Collateral Ligament ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Collateral Ligament ◽  
Knee Ligaments ◽  
Leg Flexion ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Four Bar Linkage

Abstract Recently robotic assistive leg exoskeletons have gained popularity because an increased number of people crave for powered devices to run faster and longer or carry heavier loads. However, these powered devices have the potential to impair knee ligaments. This work was aimed to develop an instrumented knee joint via rapid prototyping that measures the displacements of the four major knee ligaments\textemdash the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior crucial ligament (PCL), medial collateral ligament (MCL), and lateral collateral ligament (LCL)\textemdash to quantify the strain experienced by these ligaments. The knee model consists of a femur, lateral and medial menisci, and a tibia-fibula, which were printed from 3D imaging scans. Non-stretchable cords served as main fiber bundles of the ligaments with their desired stiffnesses provided by springs. The displacement of each cord was obtained via a rotary encoder mechanism, and the leg flexion angle was acquired via a closed-loop four-bar linkage of a diamond shape. The displacements were corroborated by published data, demonstrating the profiles of the displacement curves agreed with known results. The paper shows the feasibility of developing a subject-specific knee joint via rapid prototyping that is capable of quantifying the ligament strain via rapid prototyping.

Increasing Quadriceps Loads Affect the Lengths of the Ligaments and the Kinematics of the Knee

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 750-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-F. Hsieh ◽  
L. F. Draganich
Keyword(s):  
Entire Range ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Knee Kinematics ◽  
Lateral Collateral Ligament ◽  
Quadriceps Tendon ◽  
Collateral Ligament ◽  
Flexion Moment ◽  
Quadriceps Force ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Six Degree Of Freedom

The relationships between the lengths of the ligaments and kinematics of the knee and quadriceps load, for low to physiologic levels of quadriceps loads, have not previously been studied. We investigated the effects of increasing levels of quadriceps force, necessary to balance increasing levels of externally applied flexion moments, on the kinematics of the tibiofemoral joint and on the separation distances between insertions of selected fibers of the major ligaments of the knee in twelve cadavera. Static measurements were made using a six-degree-of-freedom digitizer for flexion angles ranging from 0 to 120 deg in 15 deg increments. Quadriceps generated extension of the knee was performed by applying loads to the quadriceps tendon to equilibrate each of four magnitudes of external flexion moments equivalent to 8.33, 16.67, 25.00, and 33.33 percent of values previously reported for maximum isometric extension moments. The magnitude of quadriceps force increased linearly (p < 0.0001) as external flexion moment increased throughout the entire range of flexion. Anterior translation, internal rotation, and abduction of the tibia increased linearly (p < 0.0001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001) as external flexion moment and, hence, quadriceps load increased. For the fibers studied, the anterior cruciate ligament (p < 0.0076), posterior cruciate ligament (p < 0.0001), and medial collateral ligament (p < 0.0383) lengthened linearly while the lateral collateral ligament (p < 0.0124) shortened linearly as quadriceps load increased. Based on these results for low to physiologic levels of quadriceps loads, it is reasonable to assume that the ligament lengths or knee kinematics expected with higher quadriceps loads can be extrapolated.

The Effect of Mechanical Varus on Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Lateral Collateral Ligament Stress: Finite Element Analyses

Orthopedics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. e729-e736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betina B. Hinckel ◽  
Marco K. Demange ◽  
Riccardo G. Gobbi ◽  
José Ricardo Pécora ◽  
Gilberto Luis Camanho
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Lateral Collateral Ligament ◽  
Finite Element Analyses ◽  
Collateral Ligament ◽  
Anterior Cruciate
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