Design and Development of an Instrumented Knee Joint for Quantifying Ligament Displacements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Cui ◽  
Brody Dale ◽  
Garry Allison ◽  
Min Li
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Lateral Collateral Ligament ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Collateral Ligament ◽  
Knee Ligaments ◽  
Leg Flexion ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Four Bar Linkage

Abstract Recently robotic assistive leg exoskeletons have gained popularity because an increased number of people crave for powered devices to run faster and longer or carry heavier loads. However, these powered devices have the potential to impair knee ligaments. This work was aimed to develop an instrumented knee joint via rapid prototyping that measures the displacements of the four major knee ligaments\textemdash the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior crucial ligament (PCL), medial collateral ligament (MCL), and lateral collateral ligament (LCL)\textemdash to quantify the strain experienced by these ligaments. The knee model consists of a femur, lateral and medial menisci, and a tibia-fibula, which were printed from 3D imaging scans. Non-stretchable cords served as main fiber bundles of the ligaments with their desired stiffnesses provided by springs. The displacement of each cord was obtained via a rotary encoder mechanism, and the leg flexion angle was acquired via a closed-loop four-bar linkage of a diamond shape. The displacements were corroborated by published data, demonstrating the profiles of the displacement curves agreed with known results. The paper shows the feasibility of developing a subject-specific knee joint via rapid prototyping that is capable of quantifying the ligament strain via rapid prototyping.

scholarly journals In Vitro Functional Verification of a Novel Laxity Measurement Stress Radiography Device

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giancarlo L. Beukes ◽  
Sarthak Patnaik ◽  
Sudesh Sivarasu
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Lateral Collateral Ligament ◽  
The United States ◽  
Functional Verification ◽  
Collateral Ligament ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Rapid Deceleration

The human knee is a hinge joint, primarily facilitating locomotion. Knee joint instability, due to ligament injuries (anterior cruciate ligament [ACL], posterior cruciate ligament [PCL], medial collateral ligament [MCL] and lateral collateral ligament [LCL]), is a result of direct or indirect trauma, non-anatomical stresses during pivoting movements about the knee, imbalanced landing during jumping and rapid deceleration during high intensity locomotion [1]. Biomechanical indications of an unstable knee joint include decreased joint integrity, hyper laxity, abrupt locking and catching combined with clicking noises during locomotion. Approximately, two hundred and fifty thousand ACL injuries occur in the United States of America, annually [2].

scholarly journals Imaging Findings of Knee Trauma on Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
Poonam Ohri ◽  
Shreeji Goya ◽  
Niveditha C ◽  
Manasi Kohli
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Lateral Collateral Ligament ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Collateral Ligament ◽  
Imaging Evaluation ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Background: Knee is one of the major joints involved in kinesis. With increasing involvement in sports related activities especially in young people, Trauma related knee pathologies have increased. An accurate diagnosis regarding the type and extent of injuries is essential for early operative as well as non-operative treatment. Methods:This prospective study included total of 82 cases. The patients were referred to the department of Radiodiagnosis from indoor and outdoor departments of Guru Nanak Dev Hospital, Amritsar with suspicion of internal derangement of the knee and with history of knee trauma.Results:The most common age group involved was young males between 15-34 years. In all age groups most of the patients were males. Most common ligament to be injured was Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL). Partial tears were more common than complete tears. Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) tears were less common. Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) tears outnumbered Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) tears and grade 2 tears were more common in both. Among the meniscal injuries Medial Meniscus (MM) tears were more common than LM and grade 3 signal was more common in both. Most of the patellar retinaculum injuries were associated with Anterior Cruciate Ligament ACL tears.Conclusions:Post-traumatic pre-arthroscopic MR imaging evaluation has proved to be cost-effective. MRI is an accurate imaging modality complementing the clinical evaluation and providing a global intra-articular and extra-articular assessment of the knee.

Radiological Identification of Injury to the Kaplan Fibers of the Iliotibial Band in Association With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 2213-2220
Author(s):  
Lachlan M. Batty ◽  
Jerome Murgier ◽  
Julian A. Feller ◽  
Richard O’Sullivan ◽  
Kate E. Webster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Lateral Collateral Ligament ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Iliotibial Band ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Collateral Ligament ◽  
Tibial Bone ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Background: Recent biomechanical studies have demonstrated that the Kaplan fibers (KFs) of the iliotibial band play a role in the control of anterolateral rotation of the knee. However, controversy exists regarding whether the KFs are injured in conjunction with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Purpose: To establish the prevalence of radiological injury to the KFs in the ACL-injured knee; to evaluate the effect of the time interval between injury and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on diagnosis of KF injury; and to assess for any association between KF injury and other qualitative radiological findings. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Preoperative MRI scans were reviewed for 161 patients with ACL injury. Specific diagnostic criteria were developed and applied to identify KF injury. Chi-square testing was performed to look for associations among KF injury, the time from injury to MRI, and associated radiological knee injuries. Results: Radiological evidence of KF injury was identified in 30 (18.6%) patients. The diagnosis of KF injury was higher in patients who had MRI scans performed within 90 days of injury as compared with ≥90 days after injury (23.7 vs 6.4%; P = .010). Patients with an MRI diagnosis of KF injury had significantly higher rates of lateral meniscal injury (40% vs 18%; P = .007), posteromedial tibial bone marrow edema (73% vs 44%; P = .003), and injury to the lateral collateral ligament (13% vs 3%; P = .019) or medial collateral ligament (23% vs 8%; P = .019). Conclusion: The prevalence of injury to the KF in patients with ACL injury as diagnosed by MRI was relatively low (18.6% of patients). However, the time interval from injury to MRI was relevant to diagnosis, with significantly higher rates of injury identification in patients with early (within 90 days) versus delayed (≥90 days) MRI. KF injury was associated with higher rates of injury to the lateral meniscal and collateral ligaments, as well as posteromedial tibial bone bruising.

The Joint Biomechanics Change by Different Anterior Cruciate Ligament Constitutive Models Under Axial Torque Load

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Wan ◽  
Zhixiu Hao ◽  
Shizhu Wen
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Constitutive Models ◽  
Collateral Ligament ◽  
Torque Load ◽  
Joint Biomechanics ◽  
Hyperelastic Model ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Anterior Posterior

According to the previous papers, it was demonstrated that anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) played an important role in resisting the coupled anterior-posterior laxity rather than the rotation laxity under axial torque load of knee joint. In the biomechanics simulation research of knee joint, some different ligament constitutive models were presented to describe the ACL material behavior. However, there is few published paper to study the effect of variable ligament constitutive model on the joint biomechanics under axial torque load. In this paper, a 3-dimension finite element model of an intact tibiofemoral joint including all the main anatomical structures was reconstructed and two ACL constitutive models were compared under 10 Nm femur external torque load. The two ACL constitutive models corresponded to an isotropic hyperelastic model and a transversely isotropic hyperelastic model considering fiber effect, respectively. All the ACL material properties of the two constitutive models were defined by fitting the same stress-strain data. Another model with ACL resected was also analyzed under the same load to estimate the function ACL played under joint axial torque load. It was found that the resection of ACL changed the knee joint deformations significantly in all directions except the distal-proximal translation. In the ACL resected joint model, the internal-external rotation, anterior-posterior and medial-lateral translations increased by about 20%, 500% and 600%, respectively. Comparing to the ACL intact joint model, the Mises stress values of medial collateral ligament decreased while that on lateral collateral ligament increased greatly (from 35 MPa to 61 MPa). In the comparison of the two different ACL constitutive models, the internal-external rotation, as the highest deformation of the knee joint, changed by about 11% and the maximal deformation alteration was obtained in the anterior-posterior translation (about 80%). Both the highest stress value and distribution on ACL have altered mostly while the Mises stress distributions of other ligaments and menisci have changed slightly. The alteration of joint kinematics and ligament biomechanics by different ACL constitutive models would be due to the different descriptions of the material transverse behavior and the real complex ACL stress distribution under an axial torque load, although the longitudinal material behaviors described by different ACL constitutive models were almost the same based on the same experiment data.

Incidence of Associated Knee Lesions with Torn Anterior Cruciate Ligament: Retrospective Cohort Assessment

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Arangio ◽  
Edward W. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Medial Collateral Ligament ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Lateral Meniscus ◽  
Lateral Collateral Ligament ◽  
Collateral Ligament ◽  
Posterior Oblique Ligament ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries ◽  
Arcuate Ligament ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

The records of 141 consecutive patients with confirmed complete anterior cruciate ligament injuries were reviewed retrospectively. One hundred and sixty-two associated injuries were divided into 25 injury complexes. Isolated injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament occurred in 40 cases (28.4%). Injuries of the medial meniscus occurred in 62 cases (38.2%), while injuries of the lateral meniscus occurred in 37 cases (22.8%). Injuries to the medial collateral ligament complex occurred in 42 cases (25.9%). Injuries to the lateral collateral ligament, posterior deep popliteus-arcuate ligament complex, and posterior cruciate ligament were found to be positively correlated (rho = .81, p = .001, and rho = .77, p = .001, N = 141, respectively). Injuries to the medial collateral ligament and the posterior oblique ligament were likewise positively correlated (rho = .45, p = .001, N = 141).

scholarly journals Traumatic Dislocation of the Knee Unsuitable for the Reconstruction of Ligamentous Injuries Because of Vascular Injury: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ukai T ◽  
◽  
Kosuke H ◽  
Watanabe M ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Popliteal Artery ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Lateral Collateral Ligament ◽  
Knee Dislocation ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Collateral Ligament ◽  
Traumatic Dislocation ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
The Right

Traumatic dislocation of the knee is rare, but often requires surgical intervention because complications frequently occur, including various ligamentous injuries. In this study, we report a case of knee dislocation with ligamentous injuries and injury to the popliteal artery. The patient was a 32-year-old man. He fell while bouldering and was diagnosed with dislocation of the right knee and multiple ligamentous injuries. Upon examination, we found that his right dorsal foot was numb, and the dorsal artery of the right foot was not palpable. His right leg felt cold compared to the other leg. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, and lateral collateral ligament. Computed tomography revealed that the patient’s right popliteal artery was partially obstructed. We planned to reconstruct the injured ligaments. Prior to the surgery, the radiologist performed angiography, and the patient’s popliteal artery became completely obstructed during angiography; therefore, revascularization was performed immediately. Although the blood flow in the right leg recovered, it remained cold, and we did not reconstruct the ligamentous injuries. Knee dislocation requiring revascularization is quite rare. However, it causes severe dysfunction of the knee. Thus, meticulous and frequent evaluation of vascular injuries is necessary for the treatment of knee dislocation.

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