Synthetic and Organic Supercharger Lubrication: The Tribological Performance of Ionic Liquids as Additives to Lubricants

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Bain ◽  
Dana Fisk ◽  
Camila Gomez Serrano ◽  
Samantha Orlando ◽  
Patricia Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Wear Volume ◽  
Coffee Bean ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
High Thermal Resistance ◽  
Steel Balls ◽  
Pin On Disk

A supercharger is a mechanical device that can be added to an engine of a car to increase engine power. It works by sucking air in at atmospheric pressure into the rotors and compressing it at high revolutions per minute. With the rotors spinning at high speeds, the supercharger gears are exposed to high values of friction and wear, which results in a reduction of their service life. Ionic liquids (ILs) are substances that possess unique lubricating abilities when added to base oil or when used as neat lubricants. Properties include low volatility, non-flammability, as well high thermal resistance. These liquids are able to form ordered layers and tribofilms on the contacting surfaces which further protects the surface materials. In this work, the effect of adding ILs to low viscosity synthetic oil used to lubricate gears and to organic oil was investigated in the reduction of friction and overall wear of superchargers. Mobil 1 5W-30 Full Synthetic Engine Oil (MS) was used as a control and compared to coffee bean oil (CB). Additionally, the performance of these oils was observed with ionic liquids as additives at 1 wt. %. The chosen IL consisted of the cation Trihexyltetradecylphosphonium, [P6,6,6,14]+, with the anion Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) amide, [NTf2]−. Lubricated flat disks of AISI 52100 stainless steel and 420C steel balls were studied using a Pin-on-Disk configuration. A total sliding distance of 500 meters was tested with a wear track diameter of 20 mm. Wear volume and average friction coefficient were measured according to ASTM-G99. Results showed that the addition of the ILs to the CB and MS reduced friction coefficient of the steel disks at medium speeds, and wear values achieved were comparable to the friction observed. The wear width values were also found to be reduced at medium speeds.

Tribological and corrosive properties of ionic liquids containing triazole functional groups

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinlong Li ◽  
Dongmei Li ◽  
Feng Zhou ◽  
Dapeng Feng ◽  
Yanqiu Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Single Component ◽  
Wear Volume ◽  
Wear Property ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Base Oils ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Purpose – The aim of this paper was to inhibit the serious corrosion of conventional ionic liquids, a series of new ionic liquids (ILs) containing the triazole functionality, as the anti-corrosion groups were synthesized in this work. Design/methodology/approach – It is well known that nitrogen and sulfur containing organic compounds have been traditionally used as corrosion inhibitors. Among them, triazole derivatives are most often used as corrosion inhibitors. To alleviate the corrosion of the ILs and further improve the anti-wear property, the authors prepared a series of imidazolium ILs modified with the triazole functionality in the present study. Findings – The corrosion behavior of the ILs was evaluated with the iron disk corrosion test and their tribological properties were investigated on an Optimol SRV IV oscillating friction and wear tester at elevated temperatures. The results showed that the ILs with the triazole functionality could effectively reduce the corrosion and exhibit a smaller friction coefficient and wear volume than the unmodified counterpart. The ILs containing the triazole functionality can be used as the single component anti-corrosion base oils even at elevated temperatures. Originality/value – The results showed that the ILs with the triazole functionality could effectively reduce the corrosion and exhibit a smaller friction coefficient and wear volume than the unmodified counterpart. The ILs containing the triazole functionality can be used as the single component anti-corrosion base oils even at elevated temperatures.

Influence of Additive Chemistry on the Tribological Behavior of Steel/Copper Friction Pairs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weimin Li ◽  
Huaigang Su ◽  
Yunlong Chen ◽  
Rui Ma ◽  
Gaiqing Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Boundary Lubrication ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Tribological Behavior ◽  
Tribological Performance ◽  
Copper Oxides ◽  
Wear Volume ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Lubrication Film ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

Abstract The tribological behavior of boundary lubrication is largely dominated by the anti-wear additives. Here five different anti-wear additives were selected and their tribological properties for a steel-copper contact were investigated. It was found that the tribological performance are highly depending on the anti-wear additive chemistry which determines activity, element compositions of the additive. An amine phosphate anti-wear additive AW 316 exhibit best tribological performance with the lowest mean friction coefficient of 0.082 and smallest wear volume which is more than one order of magnitude smaller than base oil. The friction-reducing order of the tested anti-wear additives are AW 316 > ZDDP > 353 > TCP > [P8888][DEHP] while anti-wear showed similar trend. In addition, the tribological mechanism of AW 316 were also discussed based on surface analysis results, and it was found that an even boundary lubrication film of 10–15 nm which was composed of copper oxides, phosphates, amines was formed on the copper disc and is responsible for its outstanding tribological performances. This study provides fundamental insights of the compatibilities among steel-copper friction pairs and suitable anti-wear additives, which can be beneficial for the development of high performance used for steel-copper friction pairs.

Enhanced Anti-Wear Performance Induced by Innovative Base Oil in Low Viscosity Engine Oil

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Champagne ◽  
Nicolas Obrecht ◽  
Arup Gangopadhyay ◽  
Rob Zdrodowski ◽  
Z Liu
Keyword(s):  
Engine Oil ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Low Viscosity

Applying load-sharing method to the sliding contact in the presence of nano-lubricants

2020 ◽  
pp. 135065012092755
Author(s):  
R Gholami ◽  
Saleh Akbarzadeh ◽  
S Ziaei-Rad ◽  
MM Khonsari
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Mixed Lubrication Regime ◽  
Pin On Disk ◽  
Theoretical Analyses ◽  
Good Agreement

The main goal of this study is to present a model to investigate the effect of nano-particles’ weight fraction on the friction coefficient of rough contact in the mixed-lubrication regime. Experimental testing involves pin-on-disk measurements of the friction coefficient with CuO nano-particles added to engine oil. Theoretical analyses involve developing a method for treating an EHL line contact with provision for surface roughness that takes into account the load-carrying capacity of surface asperities, lubricant, and nano-particles. Results show that theoretical and experimental results for friction coefficients are in good agreement. A parametric study is conducted to investigate effect of load, the geometry of the nano-particles, and their mechanical properties as well as their weight fraction on the friction coefficient.

Effect of Halogen-Free Ionic Liquids as Additives of Biolubricants for Room Temperature Titanium-Steel Contact

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Bossung ◽  
Matthew DeRosa ◽  
Jose Salas ◽  
Patricia Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Wear Volume ◽  
Coffee Bean ◽  
Disk Specimen ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
Stainless Steel Ball ◽  
Halogen Free ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Alloy Disk

The surface interactions and tribological behavior of titanium-steel contact have been previously studied under the application of several commercial Ionic Liquids (ILs). In certain cases, superior anti-wear characteristics have been experienced when lubricating using ILs. This is often attributed to the development of a protective tribolayer that forms during application. One anion in particular amide, [Tf2N], has exhibited these characteristics with particularly positive results. However, amide is an anion that contains halogens, which are toxic and can cause harm if not handled properly. Due to the toxicity of most lubricants there has been a growing need to transition to bio-lubricants due to their low impact to the environment. This particular work will investigate the use of Trihexyltetradecylphosphonium, [P6,6,6,14]-+, cation with anion decanoate [Deca] as a non-toxic alternative to amide [Tf2N]. [P6,6,6,14]-+[Deca] and [P6,6,6,14]-+[Tf2N] will be compared as additives (1.0 and 2.5 wt. %) in Coffee Bean oil (CB) for lubrication of titanium-steel contact at room temperature. In this work, tests are conducted using a ball-on-flat reciprocating tribometer as per ASTM G133 with lubricated titanium-steel contact. An AISI 420C stainless steel ball is used on a Grade 5 6Al-4V titanium alloy disk specimen. Friction and wear volume are measured, examined, and discussed.

scholarly journals Boundary Friction of ZDDP Tribofilms

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Mao Ueda ◽  
Sophie Campen ◽  
Hugh Spikes
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Group Structure ◽  
Boundary Friction ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Characteristic Boundary ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Structure Boundary ◽  
Alkoxy Groups ◽  
20 Nm

AbstractThe frictional properties of ZDDP tribofilms at low entrainment speeds in boundary lubrication conditions have been studied in both rolling/sliding and pure sliding contacts. It has been found that the boundary friction coefficients of these tribofilms depend on the alkyl structure of the ZDDPs. For primary ZDDPs, those with linear alkyl chains give lower friction those with branched alkyl chain ZDDPs, and a cyclohexylmethyl-based ZDDP gives markedly higher friction than non-cyclic ones. Depending on alkyl structure, boundary friction coefficient in rolling-sliding conditions can range from 0.09 to 0.14. These differences persist over long duration tests lasting up to 120 h. For secondary ZDDPs, boundary friction appears to depend less strongly on alkyl structure and in rolling-sliding conditions stabilises at ca 0.115 for the three ZDDPs studied. Experiments in which the ZDDP-containing lubricant is changed after tribofilm formation by a different ZDDP solution or a base oil indicate that the characteristic friction of the initial ZDDP tribofilm is lost almost as soon as rubbing commences in the new lubricant. The boundary friction rapidly stabilises at the characteristic boundary friction of the replacement ZDDP, or in the case of base oil, a value of ca 0.115 which is believed to represent the shear strength of the bare polyphosphate surface. The single exception is when a solution containing a cyclohexylethyl-based ZDDP is replaced by base oil, where the boundary friction coefficient remains at the high value characteristic of this ZDDP despite the fact that rubbing in base oil removes about 20 nm of the tribofilm. XPS analysis of the residual tribofilm reveals that this originates from presence of a considerable proportion of C-O bonds at the exposed tribofilm surface, indicating that not all of the alkoxy groups are lost from the polyphosphate during tribofilm formation. Very slow speed rubbing tests at low temperature show that the ZDDP solutions give boundary friction values that vary with alkyl group structure in a similar fashion to rolling-sliding MTM tests. These variations in friction occur immediately on rubbing, before any measurable tribofilm can develop. This study suggest that ZDDPs control boundary friction by adsorbing on rubbing steel or tribofilm surfaces in a fashion similar to organic friction modifiers. However it is believed that, for primary ZDDPs, residual alkoxy groups still chemically bonded to the phosphorus atoms of newly-formed polyphosphate/phosphate tribofilm may also contribute to boundary friction. This understanding will contribute to the design of low friction, fuel efficient crankcase engine oils. Graphical Abstract

Long-Chain Carboxylate Ionic Liquids Combining High Solubility and Low Viscosity for Light Hydrocarbon Separations

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (25) ◽  
pp. 7336-7344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Xu Zhao ◽  
Qiwei Yang ◽  
Zhiguo Zhang ◽  
Qilong Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Light Hydrocarbon ◽  
High Solubility ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Long Chain

Predicting the wear coefficient and friction coefficient in dry point contact using continuum damage mechanics

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Ghatrehsamani ◽  
Saleh Akbarzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Damage Mechanics ◽  
Point Contact ◽  
Continuum Damage Mechanics ◽  
Continuum Damage ◽  
Wear Coefficient ◽  
Mechanics Model ◽  
Pin On Disk ◽  
Disk Test ◽  
The Continuum

Wear coefficient and friction coefficient are two of the key parameters in the performance of any tribo-system. The main purpose of the present research is to use continuum damage mechanics to predict wear coefficient. Thus, a contact model is utilized that can be used to obtain the friction coefficient between the contacting surfaces. By applying this model to the continuum damage mechanics model, the wear coefficient between dry surfaces is predicted. One of the advantages of using this model is that the wear coefficient can be numerically predicted unlike other methods which highly rely on experimental data. In order to verify the results predicted by this model, tests were performed using pin-on-disk test rig for several ST37 samples. The results indicated that the wear coefficient increases with increasing the friction coefficient.

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