Fabrication of Polyurethane Based Fabric Composite Shaft and its Experimental Study Under Triple Point Bending

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aniruddha Mitra ◽  
Sirajus Salekeen ◽  
Mosfequr Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Triple Point ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Injection Molding Process ◽  
Fiber Glass ◽  
Composite Shaft ◽  
Different Types

Semi-rigid urethane based fiber composite shafts are fabricated by high pressure injection molding process. The samples are made in Georgia Southern University’s laboratory where compressed air pressure is effectively used for this purpose. A special manufacturing process is suggested which can be used for mass production of these composites. This unique manufacturing technique creates a composite shaft with a core made of matrix material which is completely wrapped around by a woven fiber cloth with a very strong bonding between core and fibers. Three different types of woven fibers: fiber glass, Kevlar 49, and carbon fibers, are used. Triple point bending tests are carried out to test these three different types of composite samples and also samples made of only base or core material. During the test as the applied load is increased, a linear trend is observed between the load and mid-point deflection of the specimens up to a certain level. Higher load causes separation of fibers and core matrix and followed by local buckling of the separated fibers that are under compression region. This phenomenon brings down the bending stiffness of the composite significantly and it is quite pronounced in the load deflection curve diagram. Failure modes are observed to differ for each of these three types of composite and are discussed in details here. Composites with fiber glass wrapping are found to be the strongest among the three. Future work will involve determining the torsional and fatigue properties, and also the effect of fiber orientations on the mechanical properties of these composites.

A Review on Acoustic Emission Characterization of Failure Modes of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 1148 ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vemu Vara Prasad ◽  
Javisseti Nageswara Rao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Acoustic Emissions ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Composite Sheet ◽  
Carbon Fiber Composite ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced

Among various composites available for use, carbon fiber reinforced composite is unique in its Nature. Carbon fiber is an extremely strong thin fiber made by pyrolyzing synthetic fibers, such as rayon, until charred. High Strength Composites are made from this fiber by using appropriate matrix material mostly Epoxy resins are used. High Strength, stiffness, light weight and high thermal conductivity are the main advantages over the other composites. Making products with one single composite sheet is not possible always. Some of the intricate or complex shape making is required for joining of two composite sheet. The composites joining can be done in three ways mainly Adhesive, Riveting and Hybrid. Based on the Review among all these joints adhesive joining gives better economic solution in joining. Experimental results point to significant influence of fibre on mechanical properties of sample. The tensile test of the acoustic signal emission (AE) to identify the current state of material integrity in real time. Acoustic system signal correlated to damage events. The carbon fiber composite characteristic failure mechanisms are initiated on the microscale and result in a spontaneous release of elastic energy in terms of mechanical stress waves, the so-called acoustic emissions.

scholarly journals Constant Temperature Approach for the Assessment of Injection Molding Parameter Influence on the Fatigue Behavior of Short Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyamide 6

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1569
Author(s):  
Selim Mrzljak ◽  
Alexander Delp ◽  
André Schlink ◽  
Jan-Christoph Zarges ◽  
Daniel Hülsbusch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injection Molding ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Injection Molding Process ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Short Glass Fiber ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Molding Parameter ◽  
Short Glass

Short glass fiber reinforced plastics (SGFRP) offer superior mechanical properties compared to polymers, while still also enabling almost unlimited geometric variations of components at large-scale production. PA6-GF30 represents one of the most used SGFRP for series components, but the impact of injection molding process parameters on the fatigue properties is still insufficiently investigated. In this study, various injection molding parameter configurations were investigated on PA6-GF30. To take the significant frequency dependency into account, tension–tension fatigue tests were performed using multiple amplitude tests, considering surface temperature-adjusted frequency to limit self-heating. The frequency adjustment leads to shorter testing durations as well as up to 20% higher lifetime under fatigue loading. A higher melt temperature and volume flow rate during injection molding lead to an increase of 16% regarding fatigue life. In situ Xray microtomography analysis revealed that this result was attributed to a stronger fiber alignment with larger fiber lengths in the flow direction. Using digital volume correlation, differences of up to 100% in local strain values at the same stress level for different injection molding process parameters were identified. The results prove that the injection molding parameters have a high influence on the fatigue properties and thus offer a large optimization potential, e.g., with regard to the component design.

Microstructure-Based Simulation of the Dielectric Properties of Polymer-Ceramic Composites for Capacitor Applications

2006 ◽  
Vol 949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey P. Calame
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Realistic Model ◽  
Ceramic Composites ◽  
Internal Electric Field ◽  
Large Particles ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Model Spaces ◽  
Electrostatic Modeling

ABSTRACTResearch on the microstructure-based modeling of composite dielectrics for capacitor applications is described. Methods for predicting the composite dielectric permittivity and internal electric field distributions within the microstructure using finite difference quasi-electrostatic modeling are described, along with methods of generating realistic model spaces of particulate microstructures. An existing algorithm for generating random, monosized spheres-in-a-dielectric matrix model spaces is modified to allow the treatment of bimodal composites in which small particles are deliberately segregated into the spaces between large particles. Such composites can have substantially higher total volumetric filling fractions of particles, leading to higher composite permittivity. The variations in permittivity with the filling fractions of bimodal inclusions are studied with the new model, with cases covering three different types of polymer matrix material. The effect of the small particle additions on the electric field statistics within the polymer matrix is also explored.

Fiber Composite Strength Modeling With Extension to Life Prediction

2005 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Edward M. Wu ◽  
John L. Kardos
Keyword(s):  
Composite Structures ◽  
Life Prediction ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Probability Model ◽  
Load Sharing ◽  
Local Load ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Composite Strength ◽  
Fiber Manufacturing

This paper focuses on the probability modeling of fiber composite strength, wherein the failure modes are dominated by fiber tensile failures. The probability model is the tri-modal local load-sharing model, which is the Phoenix-Harlow local load-sharing model with the filament failure model extended from one mode to three modes. This model results in increased efficiency in the determination of fiber statistical parameters and in lower cost when applied to (i) quality control in materials (fiber) manufacturing, (ii) materials (fiber) selection and comparison, (iii) accounting for the effect of size scaling in design, and (iv) qualification and certification of critical composite structures that are too large and expensive to test statistically. In addition, possible extensions to proof testing and time-dependent life prediction are discussed and preliminary data are presented.

A Review on Role of Aluminum Matrix Materials, Failure Causes and Optimization Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Tilahun Y ◽  
◽  
Mesfin G ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Aluminum Matrix ◽  
Ductile Failure ◽  
Failure Surface ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Alloy Matrix ◽  
Modes Of Failure ◽  
Causes Of Failure

Aluminum is a metal matrix material which is widely used in different industrial as well as engineering applications.it has a great advantage due to its remarkable properties like less density, formability, and light in weight, recyclability and other properties. but, failure of aluminum matrix materials are the main problems in aluminum industries now a days.in this review role of aluminum and its alloys as matrix materials, their failure modes, causes of failure and optimization techniques to minimize this failure modes and causes of failure are discussed. Sources are reviewed which are from 2005 to recent one. Consequently, most modes of failure, causes of failure and most optimization techniques of aluminum and its alloy matrix materials are found. most modes of failure are mechanical related like fatigue failure, surface cracking, ductile failure, porosity formation, and stress related like stress corrosion cracking, surface weakness due to repeated stresses and other factors are summarized.in causes of failure mostly like corrosion formation, wear formation and poor mechanical properties are discussed.

scholarly journals Moisture Absorption Effects on the Mechanical Properties of Sandwich Biocomposites with Cork Core and Flax/PLA Face Sheets

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. 7295
Author(s):  
Hom Nath Dhakal ◽  
Chulin Jiang ◽  
Moumita Sit ◽  
Zhongyi Zhang ◽  
Moussa Khalfallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Core Sample ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Matrix Cracking ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
The Core

The aim of this study was to evaluate the moisture absorption behaviour and its influence on the mechanical properties of newly developed sandwich biocomposites with flax fibre-reinforced poly-lactic acid (PLA) face sheets and soft cork as the core material. Three different types of sandwich biocomposite laminates comprised of different layup configurations, namely, non-woven flax/PLA (Sample A), non-woven flax/PLA and cork as core (Sample B) and non-woven flax/paper backing/PLA, cork as core (Sample C), were fabricated. In order to evaluate the influence of moisture ingress on the mechanical properties, the biocomposites were immersed in seawater for a period of 1200 h. The biocomposites (both dry and water immersed) were then subjected to tensile, flexural and low-velocity falling weight impact tests. It was observed from the experimental results that the moisture uptake significantly influenced the mechanical properties of the biocomposites. The presence of the cork and paper in sample C made it more susceptible to water absorption, reaching a value of 34.33%. The presence of cork in the core also has a considerable effect on the mechanical, as well as energy dissipation, behaviours. The results of sample A exhibited improved mechanical performance in both dry and wet conditions compared to samples B and C. Sample A exhibits 32.6% more tensile strength and 81.4% more flexural strength in dry conditions than that in sample C. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray micro-CT images revealed that the failure modes observed are a combination of matrix cracking, core crushing and face core debonding. The results from this study suggest that flax/PLA sandwich biocomposites can be used in various lightweight applications with improved environmental benefits.

scholarly journals Development in mechanical and fatigue properties of AA6061/AL2O3 nanocomposites under stirring temperature (ST)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (12(112)) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Raad Mohammed Abed ◽  
Ali Yousuf Khenyab ◽  
Hussain Jasim M. Alalkawi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Uniform Distributions ◽  
Al2o3 Composite ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
High Fatigue

Aluminum is expected to remain the core material for many critical applications such as aircraft and automobiles. This is due to the high resistance to different environmental conditions, desired and manageable mechanical properties, as well as high fatigue resistance. Aluminum nanocomposites such as AA6061/Al2O3 can be made in many ways using a liquid metallurgy method. The main challenges for this method in the production of nanocomposites are the difficulties of achieving a uniform distribution of reinforcing materials and possible chemical reactions between the reinforcing material and the matrix. For structural applications exclusive to aerospace sectors. The growing cost-effective nanocomposites mass production technology with essential operational and geometric flexibility is a big challenge all the time. Each method of preparing AA6061/Al2O3 nanocomposites can provide different mechanical properties. In the present study, nine nanocomposites were prepared at three stirring temperatures (800, 850, and 900 °C) with the level of Al2O3 addition of 0, 5, 7, and 9 wt %. The results of tensile, hardness and fatigue tests revealed that the composite including 9 wt % Al2O3 with 850 °C stirring temperatures has the best properties. It was also revealed that the 850 °C stirring temperature (ST) with 9 wt % Al2O3 composite provide an increase in tensile strength, VHN and reduction in ductility by 20 %, 16 % and 36.8 % respectively, compared to zero-nano. Also, the fatigue life at the 90 MPa stress level increased by 17.4 % in comparison with 9 wt % nanocomposite at 800 °C (ST). Uniform distributions were observed for all nine microstructure compositions.

Numerical and experimental evaluation of mechanical performance of the multifunctional energy storage composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832110495
Author(s):  
Yinan Wang ◽  
Fu-Kuo Chang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Carbon Fiber Composite

This work presents numerical simulation methods to model the mechanical behavior of the multifunctional energy storage composites (MESCs), which consist of a stack of multiple thin battery layers reinforced with through-the-hole polymer rivets and embedded inside carbon fiber composite laminates. MESC has been demonstrated through earlier experiments on its exceptional behavior as a structural element as well as a battery. However, the inherent complex infrastructure of the MESC design has created significant challenges in simulation and modeling. A novel homogenization technique was adopted to characterize the multi-layer properties of battery material using physics-based constitutive equations combined with nonlinear deformation theories to handle the interface between the battery layers. Second, mechanical damage and failure modes among battery materials, polymer reinforcements, and carbon fiber-polymer interfaces were characterized through appropriate models and experiments. The model of MESCs has been implemented in a commercial finite element code in ABAQUS. A comparison of structural response and failure modes from numerical simulations and experimental tests are presented. The results of the study showed that the predictions of elastic and damage responses of MESCs at various loading conditions agreed well with the experimental data. © 2021

Impact of multi-dimensional vibration trajectories on quality and failure modes in ultrasonic bonding

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 000509-000514
Author(s):  
Reinhard Schemmel ◽  
Florian Eacock ◽  
Collin Dymel ◽  
Tobias Hemsel ◽  
Matthias Hunstig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Copper Substrate ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Acoustic Microscopy ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Bond Quality ◽  
Ultrasonic Bonding ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Electrical Connections

Abstract Ultrasonic joining is a common industrial process. To build electrical connections in the electronics industry, uni-axial and torsional ultrasonic vibration have been used to join different types of workpieces for decades. Many influencing factors like ultrasonic power, bond normal force, bond duration and frequency are known to have a high impact on bond quality and reliability. Multi-dimensional bonding has been investigated in the past to increase ultrasonic power and consequently bond strength. This contribution is focused on the comparison of circular, multi-frequency planar and uniaxial vibration trajectories used for ultrasonic bonding of copper pins on copper substrate. Bond quality was analyzed by shear tests, scanning acoustic microscopy and interface cross-sections.

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